Neocortical age and fluid ability: Greater accelerated brain aging for thickness, but smaller for surface area, in high cognitive ability individuals

Neuroscience ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Santonja ◽  
Francisco J. Román ◽  
Kenia Martínez ◽  
Sergio Escorial ◽  
Juan Álvarez-Linera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Fluid Ability ◽  
High Cognitive Ability

scholarly journals Peer Effects on Engagement and Disengagement: Differential Contributions From Friends, Popular Peers, and the Entire Class

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Steenberghs ◽  
Jeroen Lavrijsen ◽  
Bart Soenens ◽  
Karine Verschueren
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Peer Effects ◽  
School Engagement ◽  
School Success ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Emotional Engagement ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
The Social ◽  
High Cognitive Ability ◽  
Engagement And Disengagement

School engagement and disengagement are important predictors of school success that are grounded in the social context of the classroom. This study used multilevel analysis to examine the contributions of the descriptive norms of friends, popular students and classmates regarding engagement and disengagement to the development of Students’ own behavioral and emotional engagement and disengagement among Flemish 7th-graders (N = 3,409). Moderating effects of Students’ self-esteem and cognitive ability were examined. The results showed effects from friends’ and classmates’ (dis)engagement on all dimensions of (dis)engagement. Popular Students’ engagement only affected individual Student’s behavioral disengagement and emotional engagement. Self-esteem and high cognitive ability did not make students more or less susceptible to peer effects.

Multiple Switching and Data Quality in the Multiple Price List

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Chi Wai Yu ◽  
Y. Jane Zhang ◽  
Sharon Xuejing Zuo
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Data Quality ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Risky Choice ◽  
Switching Behavior ◽  
Price List ◽  
High Cognitive Ability ◽  
Multiple Switching ◽  
Quality Decision

A substantial proportion of individuals who complete the widely used multiple price list (MPL) instrument switch back and forth between the safe and the risky choice columns, behavior that is believed to indicate lowquality decision making. We develop a conceptual framework to formally define decision-making quality, test explanations for the nature of low-quality decision making, and introduce a novel “nudge” treatment that reduced multiple switching behavior and increased decision-making quality. We find evidence in support of task-specific miscomprehension of the MPL and that nonmultiple switchers and relatively high-cognitive-ability individuals are not immune to low-quality decision making.

scholarly journals Brain structural differences between 73- and 92-year olds matched for childhood intelligence, social background, and intracranial volume

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart J. Ritchie ◽  
David Alexander Dickie ◽  
Simon R. Cox ◽  
Maria del C. Valdés Hernández ◽  
Alison Pattie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensity ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Cortical Surface ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Cortical Surface Area

AbstractFully characterizing age differences in the brain is a key task for combatting ageing-related cognitive decline. Using propensity score matching on two independent, narrow-age cohorts, we used data on childhood cognitive ability, socioeconomic background, and intracranial volume to match participants at mean age 92 years (n = 42) to very similar participants at mean age 73 (n = 126). Examining a variety of global and regional structural neuroimaging variables, there were large differences in grey and white matter volumes, cortical surface area, cortical thickness, and white matter hyperintensity volume and spatial extent. In a mediation analysis, the total volume of white matter hyperintensities and total cortical surface area jointly mediated 24.9% of the relation between age and general cognitive ability (tissue volumes and cortical thickness were not significant mediators in this analysis). These findings provide an unusual and valuable perspective on neurostructural ageing, in which brains from the eighth and tenth decades of life differ widely despite the same cognitive, socio-economic, and brain-volumetric starting points.

scholarly journals A Twin Study of the Genetics of High Cognitive Ability Selected from 11,000 Twin Pairs in Six Studies from Four Countries

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire M. A. Haworth ◽  
Margaret J. Wright ◽  
Nicolas W. Martin ◽  
Nicholas G. Martin ◽  
Dorret I. Boomsma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
High Cognitive Ability

scholarly journals Young adult cognitive ability moderates effects of lifestyle behaviors on brain aging in late midlife: A longitudinal study of cognitive reserve

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (S10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol E. Franz ◽  
Sean N. Hatton ◽  
Michael J. Lyons ◽  
Olivia K. Puckett ◽  
Nathan Whitsell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviors ◽  
Late Midlife

scholarly journals Does degree of gyrification underlie the phenotypic and genetic associations between cortical surface area and cognitive ability?

NeuroImage ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 154-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna R. Docherty ◽  
Donald J. Hagler ◽  
Matthew S. Panizzon ◽  
Michael C. Neale ◽  
Lisa T. Eyler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Cortical Surface ◽  
Genetic Associations ◽  
Cortical Surface Area

scholarly journals Shared-Environmental Contributions to High Cognitive Ability

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Kirkpatrick ◽  
Matt McGue ◽  
William G. Iacono
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
High Cognitive Ability

scholarly journals Age 20 Cognitive Ability Moderates the Long-Term Influence of Lifestyle Behaviors on Brain Aging in Late Midlife

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 116-117
Author(s):  
Carol Franz ◽  
Teresa Warren ◽  
William Kremen
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Apoe Genotype ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviors ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
Positive Behaviors ◽  
Brain Age

Abstract We examined whether the longitudinal association between lifestyle behaviors and brain age is moderated by early general cognitive ability (GCA). The sample comprises 356 participants from the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging (VETSA). At mean age 40 (SD 2.7; range 34-44) a positive lifestyle index was created comprising three self-reported behaviors: not smoking, zero to moderate alcohol consumption, and high social engagement. GCA at mean age 20 was assessed with the Armed Forces Qualification Test. At mean age 68 (SD 2.6; range 61-72), participants underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging which was used to create predicted brain age difference (PBAD) scores. Multivariate models included GCA, lifestyle and their interaction as IVs, adjusted for age, ethnicity, APOE genotype, height, and family membership. Age 20 GCA and age 40 lifestyle significantly predicted age 68 PBAD [F=5.83; p=.02 and F=15.14; p<.001, respectively]. Both positive behaviors and higher age 20 GCA were associated with less brain aging. The GCA-lifestyle interaction was also significant. Those with both lower age 20 GCA and fewer positive behaviors had older brains relative to chronological age [F=5.00; p=. 03]. When GCA was high, however, participants had younger brains, regardless of lifestyle behaviors, suggesting a protective effect of early high GCA or cognitive reserve on later brain health. However, for those with lower cognitive reserve, positive lifestyle behaviors appeared to be protective against brain aging nearly three decades later. Results highlight the important role of cognitive reserve and lifestyle factors for later life brain health.

scholarly journals Joint contributions of cortical morphometry and white matter microstructure in healthy brain aging: A partial least squares correlation analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Hoagey ◽  
Jenny R. Rieck ◽  
Karen M. Rodrigue ◽  
Kristen M. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Partial Least Squares ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Cortical Atrophy ◽  
Multivariate Techniques

AbstractCortical atrophy and degraded axonal health have been shown to coincide during normal aging; however, few studies have examined these measures together. To lend insight into both the regional specificity and the relative timecourse of structural degradation of these tissue compartments across the lifespan, we analyzed grey matter (GM) morphometry (cortical thickness, surface area, volume) and estimates of white matter (WM) microstructure (fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity) using traditional univariate and more robust multivariate techniques to examine age associations in 186 healthy adults aged 20-94 years old. Univariate analysis of each tissue type revealed that negative age associations were largest in frontal grey and white matter tissue and weaker in temporal, cingulate, and occipital regions, representative of not only an anterior-to-posterior gradient, but also a medial-to-lateral gradient. Multivariate partial least squares correlation (PLSC) found the greatest covariance between GM and WM was driven by the relationship between WM metrics in the anterior corpus callosum and projections of the genu, anterior cingulum, and fornix; and with GM thickness in parietal and frontal regions. Surface area was far less susceptible to age effects and displayed less covariance with WM metrics, while regional volume covariance patterns largely mirrored those of cortical thickness. Results support a retrogenesis-like model of aging, revealing a coupled relationship between frontal and parietal GM and the underlying WM, which evidence the most protracted development and the most vulnerability during healthy aging.

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