scholarly journals Modeling radionuclide release of TRISO bearing fuel compacts during post-irradiation annealing tests

2020 ◽  
Vol 357 ◽  
pp. 110428
Author(s):  
D. Schappel ◽  
K. Terrani ◽  
L.L. Snead ◽  
B.D. Wirth
Keyword(s):  
Post Irradiation ◽  
Radionuclide Release

The Response of Testis Cells to Low Dose X-Irradiation

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 542-543
Author(s):  
D. E. Philpott ◽  
W. Sapp ◽  
C. Williams ◽  
Joann Stevenson ◽  
S. Black
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Dose Level ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cellular Responses ◽  
Post Irradiation ◽  
X Irradiation

The response of spermatogonial cells to X-irradiation is well documented. It has been shown that there is a radiation resistent stem cell (As) which, after irradiation, replenishes the seminiferous epithelium. Most investigations in this area have dealt with radiation dosages of 100R or more. This study was undertaken to observe cellular responses at doses less than 100R of X-irradiation utilizing a system in which the tissue can be used for light and electron microscopy.Brown B6D2F1 mice aged 16 weeks were exposed to X-irradiation (225KeV; 15mA; filter 0.35 Cu; 50-60 R/min). Four mice were irradiated at each dose level between 1 and 100 rads. Testes were removed 3 days post-irradiation, fixed, and embedded. Sections were cut at 2 microns for light microscopy. After staining, surviving spermatogonia were identified and counted in tubule cross sections. The surviving fraction of spermatogonia compared to control, S/S0, was plotted against dose to give the curve shown in Fig. 1.

Crystallographic Characterization of Dislocation Loops in Irradiated Tungsten

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 290-291
Author(s):  
Robert C. Rau
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Dislocation Loops ◽  
Polycrystalline Specimen ◽  
Post Irradiation ◽  
Neutron Fluences

Previous work has shown that post-irradiation annealing, at temperatures near 1100°C, produces resolvable dislocation loops in tungsten irradiated to fast (E > 1 MeV) neutron fluences of about 4 x 1019 n/cm2 or greater. To crystallographically characterize these loops, tilting experiments were carried out in the electron microscope on a polycrystalline specimen which had been irradiated to 1.5 × 1021 n/cm2 at reactor ambient temperature (∼ 70°C), and subseouently annealed for 315 hours at 1100°C. This treatment produced large loops averaging 1000 Å in diameter, as shown in the micrographs of Fig. 1. The orientation of this grain was near (001), and tilting was carried out about axes near [100], [10] and [110].

Post Irradiation Scalp Malignancy

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamal S. Forootan ◽  
Ahmad Maghari ◽  
Lida Saraf
Keyword(s):  
Post Irradiation

The Study of the Post-Irradiation Syndrome in Man

1961 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Nickson ◽  
Arvin S. Glicksman
Keyword(s):  
Post Irradiation

scholarly journals Effect of ionizing radiation on human skeletal muscle precursor cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 376-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihaela Jurdana ◽  
Maja Cemazar ◽  
Katarina Pegan ◽  
Tomaz Mars
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Post Irradiation ◽  
Acute Response ◽  
Proliferation Capacity ◽  
Myoblast Proliferation

Abstract Background. Long term effects of different doses of ionizing radiation on human skeletal muscle myoblast proliferation, cytokine signalling and stress response capacity were studied in primary cell cultures. Materials and methods. Human skeletal muscle myoblasts obtained from muscle biopsies were cultured and irradiated with a Darpac 2000 X-ray unit at doses of 4, 6 and 8 Gy. Acute effects of radiation were studied by interleukin - 6 (IL-6) release and stress response detected by the heat shock protein (HSP) level, while long term effects were followed by proliferation capacity and cell death. Results. Compared with non-irradiated control and cells treated with inhibitor of cell proliferation Ara C, myoblast proliferation decreased 72 h post-irradiation, this effect was more pronounced with increasing doses. Post-irradiation myoblast survival determined by measurement of released LDH enzyme activity revealed increased activity after exposure to irradiation. The acute response of myoblasts to lower doses of irradiation (4 and 6 Gy) was decreased secretion of constitutive IL-6. Higher doses of irradiation triggered a stress response in myoblasts, determined by increased levels of stress markers (HSPs 27 and 70). Conclusions. Our results show that myoblasts are sensitive to irradiation in terms of their proliferation capacity and capacity to secret IL-6. Since myoblast proliferation and differentiation are a key stage in muscle regeneration, this effect of irradiation needs to be taken in account, particularly in certain clinical conditions.

scholarly journals Radiation-Induced Metabolic Shifts in the Hepatic Parenchyma: Findings from 18F-FDG PET Imaging and Tissue NMR Metabolomics in a Mouse Model for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2573
Author(s):  
Yi-Hsiu Chung ◽  
Cheng-Kun Tsai ◽  
Ching-Fang Yu ◽  
Wan-Ling Wang ◽  
Chung-Lin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Liver Parenchyma ◽  
Metabolic Alterations ◽  
Nmr Metabolomics ◽  
Post Irradiation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
18F Fdg ◽  
The Right ◽  
Over Time

Purpose: By taking advantage of 18F-FDG PET imaging and tissue nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics, we examined the dynamic metabolic alterations induced by liver irradiation in a mouse model for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: After orthotopic implantation with the mouse liver cancer BNL cells in the right hepatic lobe, animals were divided into two experimental groups. The first received irradiation (RT) at 15 Gy, while the second (no-RT) did not. Intergroup comparisons over time were performed, in terms of 18F-FDG PET findings, NMR metabolomics results, and the expression of genes involved in inflammation and glucose metabolism. Results: As of day one post-irradiation, mice in the RT group showed an increased 18F-FDG uptake in the right liver parenchyma compared with the no-RT group. However, the difference reached statistical significance only on the third post-irradiation day. NMR metabolomics revealed that glucose concentrations peaked on day one post-irradiation both, in the right and left lobes—the latter reflecting a bystander effect. Increased pyruvate and glutamate levels were also evident in the right liver on the third post-irradiation day. The expression levels of the glucose-6-phosphatase (G6PC) and fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase 1 (FBP1) genes were down-regulated on the first and third post-irradiation days, respectively. Therefore, liver irradiation was associated with a metabolic shift from an impaired gluconeogenesis to an enhanced glycolysis from the first to the third post-irradiation day. Conclusion: Radiation-induced metabolic alterations in the liver parenchyma occur as early as the first post-irradiation day and show dynamic changes over time.

scholarly journals RBIO-06. IMPLEMENTATION OF HUMAN INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELL DERIVED CEREBRAL ORGANOIDS TO MODEL NORMAL TISSUE RADIORESPONSE

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii193-ii193
Author(s):  
Lawrence Bronk ◽  
Sanjay Singh ◽  
Riya Thomas ◽  
Luke Parkitny ◽  
Mirjana Maletic-Savatic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Human Tissue ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Human Brain Tissue ◽  
Post Irradiation ◽  
Mature Neurons ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
Effects Of Radiation

Abstract Treatment-related sequelae following cranial irradiation have life changing impacts for patients and their caregivers. Characterization of the basic response of human brain tissue to irradiation has been difficult due to a lack of preclinical models. The direct study of human brain tissue in vitro is becoming possible due to advances in stem cell biology, neuroscience, and tissue engineering with the development of organoids as novel model systems which enable experimentation with human tissue models. We sought to establish a cerebral organoid (CO) model to study the radioresponse of normal human brain tissue. COs were grown using human induced pluripotent stem cells and a modified Lancaster protocol. Compositional analysis during development of the COs showed expected populations of neurons and glia. We confirmed a population of microglia-like cells within the model positive for the makers Iba1 and CD68. After 2-months of maturation, COs were irradiated to 0, 10, and 20 Gy using a Shepard Mark-II Cs-137 irradiator and returned to culture. Subsets of COs were prepared for immunostaining at 30- and 70-days post-irradiation. To examine the effect of irradiation on the neural stem cell (NSC) population, sections were stained for SOX2 and Ki-67 expression denoting NSCs and proliferation respectively. Slides were imaged and scored using the CellProfiler software package. The percentage of proliferating NSCs 30-days post-irradiation was found to be significantly reduced for irradiated COs (5.7% (P=0.007) and 3.4% (P=0.001) for 10 and 20 Gy respectively) compared to control (12.7%). The reduction in the proliferating NSC population subsequently translated to a reduced population of NeuN-labeled mature neurons 70 days post-irradiation. The loss of proliferating NSCs and subsequent reduction in mature neurons demonstrates the long-term effects of radiation. Our initial results indicate COs will be a valuable model to study the effects of radiation therapy on normal and diseased human tissue.

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