Evaluation of the prevalence of vitamin d deficiency in pregnant women and its correlation with neonatal vitamin D levels

Background: In the recent years there has been an increased understanding of the role that vitamin D plays in regulation of cell growth, calcium absorption and immunity and its impact on the developing fetus and maternal health is of significant concern. This study aims at evaluating the Vitamin D status in pregnant women and their newborns.Methods: A cross sectional study was done on 100 pregnant females according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. At the time of delivery, maternal blood was collected, and newborn samples were taken from newborn side of umbilical cord and sent for analysis.Results: The prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency has been found to be 85% of pregnant females and 91% of the newborns. Only 5% of pregnant females and 1% of the newborns showed Vitamin D sufficiency. Maternal and newborn vitamin D levels show a positive correlation. Mean maternal and newborn Vitamin D levels were found to be 16.78±7.04 ng/mL and 11.29±5.75 ng/ml.Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among pregnant women in north India. Low maternal vitamin D levels lead to vitamin D deficiency in the newborns also.

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VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY;

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2012.19.02.2013 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 19 (02) ◽

pp. 208-213

Author(s):

MUHAMMAD ASLAM ◽

ZAHID MASOOD ◽

Abdul SATTAR ◽

Maria Qudsia

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

Vitamin D 3

Objective: To study the Prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women. Study Design: A Cross-sectional analyticalstudy through convenient sampling technique. Setting and duration: At a private Clinic located at East Canal Road Faisalabad, from March2011 to June 2011. Material and method: The study included consecutive 61 pregnant women of reproductive age and non-pregnant womenwere excluded. Blood samples were taken in morning i.e. overnight fasting samples, by venepuncture by disposable syringes sample weretaken and samples were stored at -20 degree centigrade till they were analyzed. Our interest was in age and serum Vitamin D 3 levels. Results:Out of 61 pregnant women results showed that 87.0% pregnant women were having Vitamin D deficiency, 10.0% were having Vitamin Dinsufficiency, 3.0% had Vitamin D sufficiency and none shows Vitamin D intoxication. Vitamin D deficiency was more prevalent in pregnantwomen of younger age group. Furthermore prevalence was higher among the pregnant mothers with high parity. Moreover, 65% women werenot exposed to sunlight properly, 60% women had muscle cramps and bony aches. 90% women never were tested for tested Vitamin D levelsbefore. Conclusions: Prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency is significant in pregnant women. It is also important for its effects on various organsand systems of body as well as on pregnancy and neonate. The different aspects of study led to conclusion to emphasize that Health educationbe imparted to pregnant women and their families in terms of diet, proper sunlight exposure and taking Vitamin D supplements in pregnancy. It isthus recommended to perform Vitamin D levels in every pregnant woman.

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The Correlation Between Vitamin D at Birth and Growth at 6 Months of Age in Twins: from a Prospective Longitudinal Birth Cohort

10.21203/rs.3.rs-105080/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Xin Li ◽

Jiaxiao Yu ◽

Li Wen ◽

Jianying Yan ◽

Jing Tian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Child Growth ◽

Infant Growth ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Maternal Vitamin ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

Abstract Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a global public health issue in women and children, is associated with adverse impacts on child growth, such as rickets. However, prior studies have mainly focused on measuring vitamin D levels in singleton pregnant women and their offspring, very limited studies have revealed the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in twin pregnant women and their offspring. The aim of this study was to investigate vitamin D levels in twin pregnant women and their neonates. We also explored the correlation of maternal vitamin D levels with neonatal outcomes and infant growth. Methods: A prospective subcohort investigation was carried out among 72 dichorionic twin pregnant mothers and their twin offspring from the Longitudinal Twin Study. Peripheral blood was collected from the mothers in the third trimester and cord blood was collected form neonates at birth to identify 25[OH]D levels. Data on the characteristics of the mothers and neonates were collected. Infant growth data and food sensitivities were also collected. Results: The average maternal 25[OH]D level was 31.78 ng/mL, with 19.4% being deficiency and 20.8% insufficiency, while the average neonatal 25[OH]D level was 15.37 ng/mL, with 99.3% being deficiency or insufficiency. A positive correlation was found between maternal and neonatal 25[OH]D levels (beta-value: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.37, 0.49). Interestingly, the higher the maternal 25[OH]D level was, the smaller the co-twins birthweight discordance (beta-value: -2.67, 95% CI: -5.11, -0.23). In addition, the infants of mothers with vitamin D deficiency were more likely to be allergic to foods at six months than those of mothers with vitamin D sufficiency. Conclusions: Twin neonates were at extremely high risk of vitamin D deficiency although their mothers’ vitamin D deficiency partially improved. Higher maternal vitamin D level was associated with smaller discordance of co-twins birthweight.Trial registration: ChiCTR-OOC-16008203

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Severe hypovitaminosis D in pregnant refugees arriving in Europe: neonatal outcomes and importance of prenatal intervention

Endocrine Connections ◽

10.1530/ec-21-0412 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anna Liori ◽

Damaskini Polychroni ◽

Georgios K Markantes ◽

Maria Stamou ◽

Sarantis Livadas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Hypovitaminosis D ◽

Neonatal Health ◽

Host Countries ◽

Effective Interventions ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Prenatal Intervention

Adequate vitamin D levels are particularly important in pregnant women for both the maternal and neonatal health. Prior studies have shown a significantly high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) among refugees. However, no study has addressed the prevalence of VDD in pregnant refugees and its effects on neonatal health. In this study, we examined the prevalence of VDD in refugee pregnant women living in Greece and compared our results with Greek pregnant inhabitants. Vitamin D deficiency was frequent in both groups but was significantly more common in refugees (92.2% vs 67.3% of Greek women, p=0.003) with 70.6% of refugees having severe hypovitaminosis D (<10 ng/ml). As a result, most newborns had Vitamin D deficiency, which affected refugee newborns to a greater extent. Our results suggest a need to screen newcomer children and pregnant women for vitamin D deficiency in all host countries around the world. Such a screen will appropriately guide early and effective interventions with the goal to prevent adverse neonatal and maternal outcomes.

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The correlation between vitamin D and maternal/infant outcomes, inflammatory response in pregnant women

10.21203/rs.2.22890/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yarong Wei ◽

Xinye Jiang ◽

Ting Qiu ◽

Jinyan Fu ◽

Heng Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Preterm Birth ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Spontaneous Abortion ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Premature Delivery ◽

Vitamin D Levels

Abstract Purposes To analyze the effects of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women on common adverse pregnancy outcomes and small for gestational age (SGA) and to detect the expression of inflammatory factors in pregnant women to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women. Methods Serum samples from pregnant women from January 2015 to December 2015 were collected to measure the 25-(OH)D level. The effects of maternal age, pregnancy, season, parity and temperature on vitamin D levels in pregnant women were recorded. Then, the relationship between vitamin D levels and gestational diabetes mellitus, gestational hypertension, premature rupture of membranes, cesarean section, premature delivery and spontaneous abortion, and neonatal gestational age were analyzed. The expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in serum was detected by RT-PCR and western blot. Results The incidence of vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency and sufficiency in pregnant women in this region was 83.28%, 15.36% and 1.36%, respectively. Age, pregnancy, sampling season and parity were the influencing factors on vitamin D level, and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that summer, autumn and temperature were protective factors for adequate vitamin D in pregnant women (P <0.05). Vitamin D levels in pregnant women were associated with preterm birth, spontaneous abortion and SGA. The incidences of preterm birth, spontaneous abortion and SGA were higher in the vitamin D deficiency group (P<0.05). ConclusionThe serum vitamin D level of pregnant women in this area is low and is affected by multiple factors such as age, pregnancy, season, parity and temperature. Low vitamin D levels can increase the risk of premature birth, spontaneous abortion and SGA in pregnant women, and its low expression is common. As it also leads to inflammation, increasing the level of vitamin D in the serum of pregnant women can effectively reduce the occurrence of related diseases.

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Vitamin D Levels in Pregnant Congolese Women and Their New-Borns, and the Association with Neonatal Outcomes – A Pilot Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-40821/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Gurpreet Dhillon ◽

Sunil Rai ◽

Harpreet Dhillon ◽

Shibu Sasidharan ◽

Costa Kimweri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Preterm Births ◽

Maternal Serum ◽

Neonatal Outcomes ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

Sufficient Vitamin

Abstract Background: This study was thus undertaken to study the estimation of vitamin D levels in pregnant women and their newborns in DRC and to study its association with various neonatal outcomes. Methods: Observational study done on 569 pregnant women and their newborn babies. Sample obtained from maternal serum and cord blood from the placental end during peripartum period. The data was analysed to estimate the prevalence of vitamin D levels in mothers and newborns and to identify association, if any, between maternal vitamin D levels and neonatal outcomes.Results: 464 mothers had sufficient vitamin D (VDS) levels (>30 ng/dL) and 105 had vitamin D deficiency (VDD) with mean maternal serum vitamin D level of 35.63ng/ml (SD 6.18, range 9.2-39.8). All the newborns (n=569) were vitamin D deficient (<30ng/ml). The percentage of LBW babies born to VDD mothers was 18.09%, which was very similar to the percentage of LBW babies born to VDS mothers (18.31%) (p=0.76456749). The incidence of caesarean section was 58.09% in the vitamin D deficient (VDD) group as compared to 19.61% in the sufficient (VDS) group (p<0.0005). The incidence of preterm births was 10.77% in the sufficient group (VDS) as compared to 17.14% in the vitamin D deficient (VDD) group (p=0.038). Conclusion: Our findings will help health professionals, policy makers, and the general public in Africa aware of the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and the associated health risks.

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Role of vitamin D in prevention of adverse maternal and perinatal outcome: a randomized controlled trial

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20192428 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 2348

Author(s):

Sujatha M. S. ◽

Shruthi K. R. ◽

Neelaharika .

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Perinatal Outcome ◽

Obstetric Care ◽

Neonatal Outcomes ◽

High Birth Weight ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

High Incidence

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is thought to be common among pregnant women and is associated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcome. Maternal and foetal outcome in pregnant women with standard obstetric care was compared with women with additional vitamin D supplementation.Methods: A randomized comparative study was conducted on 100 patients attending the antenatal clinic at JSS Medical College and Hospital, Mysuru, Karnataka, India who were randomly grouped into group A (50 patients) who received standard obstetric care (500 mg calcium+200 IU vitamin D) and group B (50 patients) who received in addition to standard obstetric care supplementation of Vitamin D 1000 IU/day starting from 14 weeks of gestation till delivery. Vitamin D levels were assessed in both the groups with onset of labour by chemiluminescence immunoassay and obstetric and neonatal outcomes in both groups were compared.Results: High incidence of vitamin D deficiency (96%) in standard care group compared to vitamin D supplemented group ( p= <0.0001) was noted. The study showed significant reduction in risk of Preeclampsia (P=0.004), GDM (P= 0.02) and primary caesarean delivery (0.008) in Vitamin D supplemented group. Significantly high birth weight in vitamin D supplemented group, an increase in 320 grams in birth weight was noted (P <0.0001).Conclusions: There is a high incidence of subnormal vitamin D levels in antenatal women and is associated with maternal and neonatal adverse effects. Measuring Vitamin D levels and appropriate supplementation of higher dose of vitamin D is an effective strategy in prevention of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.

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Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy and its relation with adverse pregnancy outcome

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20203845 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 3718

Author(s):

Jyoti Prabha ◽

Abhijeet Kumar

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Preterm Labour ◽

Adverse Pregnancy Outcome ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Strong Positive Correlation ◽

Pregnant Females ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Vitamin D Levels

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is widely prevalent in all parts of the world. Pregnant women and neonates are highly vulnerable to vitamin D deficiency. Pregnant women receive very less amount of sunlight especially in parts of Southeast Asia due to traditional norms and customs. A strong positive correlation was found between low maternal vitamin D levels with gestational hypertension/preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm labour, low birth weight, intra uterine growth restriction, neonatal intensive care unit admission and Apgar score. Therefore, the present study was designed to know the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant females and to evaluate adverse effects associated with it.Methods: Total 250 nulliparous pregnant females attending Tirath Ram Shah Hospital for delivery and carrying a viable (>/28 weeks) singleton pregnancy were selected. Women with serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D level <10 ng/ml, 10-20 ng/ml and <20 ng/ml, were diagnosed as vitamin D deficient, insufficient and sufficient groups respectively and the adverse outcomes was correlated.Results: In this study, out of 250 cases, 159 cases (63.6%) had vitamin D deficiency, 43 cases (17.2%) had insufficiency, and 48 cases (19.2%) had sufficient vitamin D levels (vitamin D ≥20 ng/ml). And, Vitamin D deficiency was associated with preeclampsia, preterm labour and increased risk of caesarean section.Conclusions: This study indicates that vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in pregnant females thus implicating the need of a uniform strategy of vitamin D supplementation to pregnant females.

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Evaluation of Maternal Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels in Patients with Hyperemesis Gravidarum at Early Gestational Weeks

Eurasian Journal of Family Medicine ◽

10.33880/ejfm.2020090302 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 123-130

Author(s):

Burcu Kayılı ◽

Muhammet Ali Oruç ◽

Yasemin Alan ◽

Murat Alan ◽

Deniz Can Öztekin

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Hyperemesis Gravidarum ◽

Control Group ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

Severe Deficiency ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

The Mean

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare vitamin D levels between pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum before 12 weeks of gestation and healthy pregnant women at similar ages. Methods: Sixty pregnancies with hyperemesis gravidarum and 60 age compatible healthy pregnancies applied to our facility were included in the study. Demographic characteristics, maternal thyroid function tests and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D levels were evaluated. Student t test was used for the variables with normal distribution and Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze the variables without normal distribution. Results: Only one pregnant woman had normal vitamin D levels (>30ng/ml), whereas 71 patients had deficiency (10-30 ng/ml), and 48 had severe deficiency (<10 ng/ml). The mean vitamin D level of the total 120 pregnancies was 11.9±5.00 ng/ml (9.92±3.67 ng/ml in case group, 13.88±5.38 ng/ml in control group). The mean value of vitamin D was found to be significantly lower in hyperemesis gravidarum. 45% (n=27) of the pregnant women had vitamin D deficiency, whereas 55% (n=33) of them had severe deficiency. Free T3 and T4 levels were significantly higher than the control group, and thyroid-stimulating hormone level was significantly lower. Conclusion: Vitamin D levels of pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum were significantly lower. Vitamin D deficiency should be considered in patients with hyperemesis gravidarum. Keywords: pregnancy, hyperemesis gravidarum, Vitamin D deficiency

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Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy and its associated factors among third trimester Malaysian pregnant women

10.1101/616805 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Fui Chee Woon ◽

Yit Siew Chin ◽

Intan Hakimah Ismail ◽

Marijka Batterham ◽

Amir Hamzah Abdul Latiff ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Sun Exposure ◽

Food Sources ◽

Third Trimester ◽

Supplement Use ◽

Vitamin D Intake ◽

Vitamin D Levels

AbstractBackgroundDespite perennial sunshine, vitamin D deficiency is prevalent among Malaysian especially pregnant women.ObjectiveTo determine the vitamin D status and its associated factors among third trimester pregnant women attending government health clinics in Selangor and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.MethodsInformation on socio-demographic characteristics, obstetrical history, vitamin D intake, supplement use, and sun exposure were obtained through face-to-face interviews. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was measured and classified as deficient (< 30 nmol/L), insufficient (30-50 nmol/L), and sufficient (≥ 50 nmol/L).ResultsOf the 535 pregnant women recruited, 42.6% were vitamin D deficient. They consumed an average of 8.7 ± 6.7 μg of vitamin D daily. A total of 80.4% of the vitamin D were obtained from the food sources, while 19.6% were from dietary supplements. Fish and fish products showed the highest contribution to vitamin D intake (35.8%). The multivariate generalized linear mixed models, with clinic as a random effect, indicates that higher intake of vitamin D is associated with lower risk of vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women (OR = 0.96; 95% CI = 0.93-0.99). Non-Malay pregnant women had lower odds of having vitamin D deficiency (OR = 0.13; 95% CI = 0.04-0.37) compared to Malays. No associations were found between age, educational level, monthly household income, work status, gravidity, parity, pre-pregnancy body mass index, total hours of sun exposure, total percentage of body surface area, and sun exposure index per day with vitamin D deficiency.ConclusionsVitamin D deficiency is prevalent among Malaysian pregnant women. Considering the possible adverse obstetric and fetal outcomes of vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy, antenatal screening of vitamin D levels and nutrition education should be emphasised by taking into consideration ethnic differences.

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