Dietary intake of New Zealand European women with different body composition profiles – The women's EXPLORE study

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Rozanne Kruger ◽  
Jenna K. Schrijvers ◽  
Kathryn L. Beck ◽  
Sarah A. McNaughton
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Composition Profiles ◽  
European Women

scholarly journals Body composition of New Zealand European and Pacific women is associated with lower dietary fibre intake and gut microbiota diversity

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikki Renall ◽  
Benedikt Merz ◽  
Blair Lawley ◽  
Gerald W. Tannock ◽  
Marine Corbin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Microbiota Diversity

AbstractDiet is considered one of the key drivers of the world-wide obesity epidemic, and the gut microbiota may play a role in this multifaceted disease due to their mutualistic relationship. This study investigated relationships between habitual dietary intake of New Zealand European and Pacific women and their gut microbiota and body fat content. Pacific (44%) and NZ European (NZE; 56%) women (n = 287) aged 18–45 years were recruited based on body mass index (normal versus obese) and stratified as low (< 35%) or high (≥ 35%) body fat percentage (BF%). Dietary intake was assessed with a 5-day estimated food record and a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, which were used to calculate habitual dietary intake using the National Cancer Institute (NCI) method. BF% was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Fasting blood samples were analysed for markers of insulin sensitivity. The DNA from faecal samples was analysed following shotgun sequencing. There were no significant differences in BF% between Pacific and NZE women (p = 0.498). Significant differences in homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index were observed between Pacific (3.4 [2.3, 5.9]) and NZE (2.1 [1.5, 3.1], p ≤ 0.001) women, and between; low-BF% (1.9 [1.3, 2.7]) and high-BF% (3.4 [2.5, 5.9], p ≤ 0.001) groups. The highest (27.6g/d [24.9, 30.6]) compared to the lowest tertile (16g/d [13.3, 17.6]) of habitual total dietary fibre (DF) intake was associated with a significantly lower HOMA-IR (2.1 [1.3, 3.1] versus 3.3 [2.1, 5.3] p ≤ 0.001) respectively. Higher DF intake was also associated with significantly lower BF% (β -0.35, p ≤ 0.001), and this relationship became stronger when considering the intake of other macronutrients (β -0.47, p ≤ 0.001). Alpha diversity; observed taxonomic units (OTU's; rs = -0.15, p = 0.011), Pielou's evenness (rs = -0.20, p = 0.001), and Shannon index (rs = -0.22, p ≤ 0.001), were all negatively correlated with BF%. In contrast BF% was positively correlated with the Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio (rs = 0.26, p ≤ 0.001). HOMA-IR index was significantly higher in Pacific and women in the higher BF% group, indicating an increased metabolic disease risk. Higher habitual DF intake was associated with lower BF% and HOMA-IR, suggesting a potential metabolically protective effect. The positive effects of higher DF intake may be associated with microbiota diversity, as higher BF% was associated with reduced alpha diversity and an increased Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio. Further analysis will explore which foods contributed to the higher DF intake, and associations with body composition, microbiota and biomarkers of metabolic health.

scholarly journals Physical Activity and Metabolic Health in New Zealand European and Pacific Women from the Promise Study

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Jo Slater ◽  
Rozanne Kruger ◽  
Nikki Renall ◽  
Marilize Richter ◽  
Marine Corbin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Metabolic Disease Risk ◽  
Composition Profiles

Background: This study investigates relationships between physical activity (PA) andbiomarkers of metabolic health in populations with different metabolic disease risk; Pacific and NewZealand European (NZE) women with different body composition profiles. [...]

scholarly journals Body Composition, Dietary Intake and the Risk of Low Energy Availability in Elite-Level Competitive Rhythmic Gymnasts

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2083
Author(s):  
María Villa ◽  
José G. Villa-Vicente ◽  
Jesus Seco-Calvo ◽  
Juan Mielgo-Ayuso ◽  
Pilar S. Collado
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Energy Availability ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Elite Level ◽  
Low Energy Availability ◽  
Rhythmic Gymnasts ◽  
Recommended Level

The aim of this study was to analyze dietary intake and body composition in a group of elite-level competitive rhythmic gymnasts from Spain. We undertook body composition and nutritional analysis of 30 elite gymnasts, divided into two groups by age: pre-teen (9–12 years) (n = 17) and teen (13–18 years) (n = 13). Measures of height, weight, and bioimpedance were used to calculate body mass index and percent body fat. Energy and nutrient intakes were assessed based on 7-day food records. The two groups had similar percentages of total body fat (pre-teen: 13.99 ± 3.83% vs. teen: 14.33 ± 5.57%; p > 0.05). The energy availability values for pre-teens were above the recommended values (>40 kcal/FFM/day) 69.38 ± 14.47 kcal/FFM/day, while those for the teens were much lower (34.7 ± 7.5 kcal/FFM/day). The distribution of the daily energy intake across the macronutrients indicates that both groups ingested less than the recommended level of carbohydrates and more than the recommended level of fat. Very low intakes of calcium and vitamin D among other micronutrients were also noted. The main finding is that teenage gymnasts do not consume as much energy as they need each day, which explains their weight and development. Moreover, they are at a high risk of developing low energy availability that could negatively impact their performance and future health.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Status Is Associated with Modifiable Lifestyle Factors in Pre-Adolescent Children Living in Urban Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2175
Author(s):  
Winnie Siew Swee Chee ◽  
Chung Yuan Chang ◽  
Kanimolli Arasu ◽  
Soon Yee Wong ◽  
Shu Hwa Ong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Modifiable Lifestyle Factors

Studies on vitamin D status and its determinants in growing children in countries with ample sunshine such as Malaysia have been limited. The aim of our study was to determine factors associated with serum 25(OH)D concentrations such as lifestyle, dietary intake, anthropometry, and body composition in 243 pre-adolescent Malaysian children from low-income families living in Kuala Lumpur. This cross-sectional study measured bone density and body composition using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), while serum 25(OH)D was measured using LC–MS/MS. Time spent outdoors, body surface area exposed to sunlight, dietary intake, and physical activity level were assessed using questionnaires. Multiple linear regression and stepwise analysis were performed to identify significant predictors for serum 25(OH)D. About 69.4% had 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L, and 18.9% were vitamin-D-deficient with 25(OH)D < 30 nmol/L. Girls had a nine-fold higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency than boys. Body surface area exposed to sunlight, Sun Index, and fat mass were significant predictors of 25(OH)D concentrations in this population. Modifiable lifestyle factors such as sun exposure and reducing obesity are important public health guidance to ensure optimal vitamin D status in these children.

Dietary Intake, Nutritional Status, and Body Composition in Children With End-Stage Kidney Disease on Hemodialysis or Peritoneal Dialysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Consuelo Pontón-Vázquez ◽  
Edgar Manuel Vásquez-Garibay ◽  
Erika Fabiola Hurtado-López ◽  
Adriana de la Torre Serrano ◽  
Germán Patiño García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
End Stage Kidney Disease ◽  
End Stage

Body Composition, Dietary Intake, and Iron Status of Female Collegiate Swimmers and Divers

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi L. Petersen ◽  
C. Ted Peterson ◽  
Manju B. Reddy ◽  
Kathy B. Hanson ◽  
James H. Swain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
X Ray

This study determined the effect of training on body composition, dietary intake, and iron status of eumenorrheic female collegiate swimmers (n = 18) and divers (n = 6) preseason and after 16 wk of training. Athletes trained on dryland (resistance, strength, fexibility) 3 d/wk, 1.5 h/d and in-water 6 d/wk, nine, 2-h sessions per week (6400 to 10,000 kJ/d). Body-mass index (kg/m2; P = 0.05), waist and hip circumferences (P ≤ 0.0001), whole body fat mass (P = 0.0002), and percentage body fat (P ≤ 0.0001) decreased, whereas lean mass increased (P = 0.028). Using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, we found no change in regional lean mass, but fat decreased at the waist (P = 0.0002), hip (P = 0.0002), and thigh (P = 0.002). Energy intake (10,061 ± 3617 kJ/d) did not change, but dietary quality improved with training, as refected by increased intakes of fber (P = 0.036), iron (P = 0.015), vitamin C (P = 0.029), vitamin B-6 (P = 0.032), and fruit (P = 0.003). Iron status improved as refected by slight increases in hemoglobin (P = 0.046) and hematocrit (P = 0.014) and decreases in serum transferrin receptor (P ≤ 0.0001). Studies are needed to further evaluate body composition and iron status in relation to dietary intake in female swimmers.

scholarly journals Seasonal Body Composition Variation Amongst Elite European Professional Soccer Players: An Approach of Talent Identification

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Lee Owen ◽  
Carlos Lago-Peñas ◽  
Gordon Dunlop ◽  
Rouissi Mehdi ◽  
Moktar Chtara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Elite Level ◽  
Composition Profiles

AbstractThe primary aim of the investigation was to study the seasonal changes in body composition in elite European soccer players and identify key playing positional differences. Twenty-two players (age = 24 ± 3.7 years, body height = 180.45 ± 5.12 cm, body mass = 76.66 ± 5.34 kg) were tested. Players’ mass (kg), lean body mass (LBM), fat free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM), muscle girths (MG) and sum of 8 skinfolds (mm) were measured across 5 time points (T0 = Start of pre-season training; T1 = End of pre-season training; T2 = Mid-season; T3 = End of mid-season break; T4 = End of season). Players were divided into their tactical positional roles for analysis. The specific positions they were divided into included defenders (n = 8), midfielders (n = 8) and forwards (n = 6). Assessment of training and matchplay exposure were also recorded. Sites-4, Sites-7, Sites-8 and Fat Mass decreased dramatically from T0 to T1 and T2 in all playing positions (p < 0.01), while no remarkable differences were found between T2, T3 and T4. Except for defenders, calf girth and lean mass were higher in T2, T3 and T4 compared to T0 and T1 (p < 0.01). Midfielders were found to be leaner than forwards and defenders in all data collection time point sessions. Defenders showed higher values in calf girth and lean body mass than midfielders and forwards. It can be concluded from this investigation that there are large variances n positional body composition profiles amongst professional European soccer players. Furthermore, significant changes are prevalent and occur across the season from LBM, FFM, MG and skinfold assessment amongst European elite level soccer players.

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