Brachiopods in early Mesozoic cryptic habitats: Continuous colonization, rapid adaptation, and wide geographic distribution

A fragment of a right dentary with one postcanine tooth from the Upper Triassic (Rhaetian) Scots Bay Member of the McCoy Brook Formation at Wasson Bluff, Nova Scotia, Canada, represents the first record of the tritylodontid cynodont Oligokyphus from the early Mesozoic of eastern North America. In addition, three dissociated postcranial bones from the same horizon and locality are referable to derived cynodont therapsids. One of these elements, a nearly complete right humerus, can be assigned to Tritylodontidae. Two other bones, an ulna and incomplete ischium, belong to indeterminate derived cynodonts but show no features allowing more precise taxonomic identification. The presence of Oligokyphus in the McCoy Brook Formation provides additional evidence for the remarkably wide geographic distribution of many latest Triassic and Early Jurassic continental tetrapods.

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Basal Cambrian microfossils from the Yangtze Gorges area (South China) and the Aksu area (Tarim block, northwestern China)

Journal of Paleontology ◽

10.1017/s0022336000058108 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 83 (1) ◽

pp. 30-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Lin Dong ◽

Shuhai Xiao ◽

Bing Shen ◽

Chuanming Zhou ◽

Guoxiang Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Geographic Distribution ◽

South China ◽

Northwestern China ◽

Cambrian Explosion ◽

Filamentous Cyanobacteria ◽

Primary Producers ◽

Tarim Block ◽

Eukaryotic Phytoplankton ◽

History Of ◽

Wide Geographic Distribution

The basal Cambrian marks the beginning of an important chapter in the history of life. However, most paleontological work on the basal Cambrian has been focused on skeletal animal fossils, and our knowledge about the primary producers—cyanobacteria and eukaryotic phytoplankton (e.g., acritarchs)—is limited. In this research, we have investigated basal Cambrian acritarchs, coccoidal microfossils, and cyanobacteria preserved in phosphorites and cherts of the Yanjiahe Formation in the Yangtze Gorges area (South China) and the Yurtus Formation in the Aksu area (Tarim Block, northwestern China). Our study confirms the occurrence in these two formations of small acanthomorphic acritarchs characteristic of the basal CambrianAsteridium–Comasphaeridium–Heliosphaeridium(ACH) assemblage. These acritarchs include abundantHeliosphaeridium ampliatimi(Wang, 1985) Yao et al., 2005, commonYurtusia uniformisn. gen. and n. sp., and rareComasphaeridium annulare(Wang, 1985) Yao et al., 2005. In addition, these basal Cambrian successions also contain the clustered coccoidal microfossilArchaeophycus yunnanensis(SonginLuo et al., 1982) n. comb., several filamentous cyanobacteria [Cyanonema majusn. sp.,Oscillatoriopsis longaTimofeev and Hermann, 1979, andSiphonophycus robustum(Schopf, 1968) Knoll et al., 1991], and the tabulate tubular microfossilMegathrix longusL. Yin, 1987a, n. emend. Some of these taxa (e.g.,H. ampliatum, C. annulare, andM. longus) have a wide geographic distribution but occur exclusively in basal Cambrian successions, supporting their biostratigraphic importance. Comparison between the stratigraphic occurrences of microfossils reported here and skeletal animal fossils published by others suggests that animals and phytoplankton radiated in tandem during the Cambrian explosion.

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Grenadiers of the World Oceans: Biology, Stock Assessment, and Fisheries

Grenadiers of the World Oceans: Biology, Stock Assessment, and Fisheries ◽

10.47886/9781934874004.ch4 ◽

2008 ◽

Keyword(s):

Fisheries Management ◽

Geographic Distribution ◽

Stock Assessment ◽

Objective Data ◽

The Family ◽

The World ◽

By Catch ◽

Wide Geographic Distribution

Abstract.—The Chilean fishes of the family Macrouridae have historically been of little interest to the fisheries community in the SE Pacific. Landings of these fishes have only been officially recorded since 2000. Nevertheless there is evidence that macrourids have been incidentally caught as by-catch since the middle of the 20th century. Species of the genera Coelorinchus (formerly known as Caelorinchus), Coryphaenoides, Lucigadus, Macrourus and Nezumia are common as by-catch. It now appears important to apply fisheries management to these species, recording them as a unit, but obtaining objective data for each species. This should include an overall perspective on the species having a wide geographic distribution.

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The Husavirus Posa-Like Viruses in China, and a New Group of Picornavirales

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v12090995 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 995

Author(s):

Zhenzhi Han ◽

Jinbo Xiao ◽

Yang Song ◽

Mei Hong ◽

Guolong Dai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Geographic Distribution ◽

Evolutionary Process ◽

Genetic Evidence ◽

Single Group ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽

Fecal Samples ◽

Viral Genomes ◽

Genomic Arrangement ◽

Phylogenetic Divergence ◽

Wide Geographic Distribution

Novel posa-like viral genomes were first identified in swine fecal samples using metagenomics and were designated as unclassified viruses in the order Picornavirales. In the present study, nine husavirus strains were identified in China. Their genomes share 94.1–99.9% similarity, and alignment of these nine husavirus strains identified 697 nucleotide polymorphism sites across their full-length genomes. These nine strains were directly clustered with the Husavirus 1 lineage, and their genomic arrangement showed similar characteristics. These posa-like viruses have undergone a complex evolutionary process, and have a wide geographic distribution, complex host spectrum, deep phylogenetic divergence, and diverse genomic organizations. The clade of posa-like viruses forms a single group, which is evolutionarily distinct from other known families and could represent a distinct family within the Picornavirales. The genomic arrangement of Picornavirales and the new posa-like viruses are different, whereas the posa-like viruses have genomic modules similar to the families Dicistroviridae and Marnaviridae. The present study provides valuable genetic evidence of husaviruses in China, and clarifies the phylogenetic dynamics and the evolutionary characteristics of Picornavirales.

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Notes on Tityus confluens Borelli, 1899 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) in Brazil

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.869.1.1 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 869 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

ROGÉRIO BERTANI ◽

ROSANA MARTINS ◽

MARCOS ANDRÉ DE CARVALHO

Keyword(s):

Geographic Distribution ◽

Wide Geographic Distribution

Records for Tityus confluens from nine localities in three Brazilian States are given. Although showing a wide geographic distribution in Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Brazil, the species is infrequently sampled. Tityus confluens normally inhabits dry environments, Chaco in Argentina, Bolivia and Paraguay, and Cerrado and Pantanal Matogrossense in Brazil.

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Biostratigraphic value of the Late Mississippian Ostracode Amphissites insignis Croneis and Thurman, 1939

Journal of Paleontology ◽

10.1017/s0022336000021600 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 158-169 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

I. G. Sohn

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Geographic Distribution ◽

The United States ◽

Ontogenetic Development ◽

Sedimentary Sequence ◽

First Time ◽

Wide Geographic Distribution

Amphissites insignis Croneis and Thurman, 1939, is a readily identifiable ostracode species because of the unique configuration of carinae and ridges on the surface of the valves. The species had adapted to both shale and limestone environments of deposition, has a wide geographic distribution in the United States (Alabama, Arkansas, Illinois, Montana, Nevada, Tennessee, and Texas), and is confined to the uppermost part of the Chesterian Series (foraminiferal zones 18 and 19). The description of this species is amended and specimens are illustrated for the first time from Nevada, Montana, Arkansas, and Tennessee, indicating that the species is a biostratigraphic indicator of the uppermost part of the Chesterian sedimentary sequence. Ontogenetic development of A. insignis is reconstructed. A. sp. 1 (Late Mississippian) and A. sp. 2 (Early Pennsylvanian) are illustrated in open nomenclature.

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Biological Species of Armillaria in Japan

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.1998.82.5.537 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 82 (5) ◽

pp. 537-543 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Y. Ota ◽

N. Matsushita ◽

E. Nagasawa ◽

T. Terashita ◽

K. Fukuda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

Geographic Distribution ◽

Biological Species ◽

Single Spore ◽

Host Relationships ◽

Morphological Species ◽

Wide Geographic Distribution

Pairing tests with isolates of Armillaria in culture were used to identify species of Armillaria and their distribution throughout Japan. The existence of 10 intersterile groups of Armillaria was determined by pairing haploid single spore isolates obtained from 20 basidiocarps from a wide geographic distribution in Japan. Two to four haploid tester isolates from each intersterile group were then paired to biological and morphological species with haploid tester isolates from Europe and North America identified in previous studies. Japanese haploid tester isolates were then paired with 190 haploid or diploid isolates and compatibility reactions were used to identify these to species. Of the 10 intersterile groups identified in Japan, 7 were authenticated as A. gallica, A. nabsnona, A. ostoyae, A. cepistipes, A. mellea, A. sinapina, or A. tabescens. Three of the groups were not compatible with any of the tester species. The distribution and host relationships of the Japanese biological species are also discussed.

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Obstetric Capacity Strengthening in Ghana Results in Wide Geographic Distribution and Retention of Certified Obstetrician-Gynecologists: A Quantitative Analysis

10.22541/au.163255344.47829909/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Melani Kekulawala ◽

Ali Samba ◽

Yael Braunschweig ◽

Jacob Plange-Rhule ◽

Cornelius Turpin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Geographic Distribution ◽

Low Income ◽

Primary Objective ◽

Urban Centers ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Practice Characteristics ◽

National Certification ◽

Medical Programs ◽

Wide Geographic Distribution

Objectives: Our primary objective to determine the cumulative retention of Ob/Gyns since the inception of the program, to determine the demographic and practice characteristics of all Ob/Gyns who have been trained by the Ghana postgraduate Ob/Gyn programs, and to compare the geographic distribution of Ob/Gyns throughout Ghana between 2010 when a prior study was conducted and the current practice locations of all graduates in 2017. Design: Cross-sectional, Quantitative Investigation Setting: Fieldwork for this study was conducted in Ghana between June 21, 2017, and August 20, 2017. Methods: A roster of certified Ob/Gyns, year certified, and email contact information was obtained from the Ghana College of Physicians and Surgeons, a roster of practice locations was obtained from Ghana Medical Board. Main Outcome Measures: retention of Ob/Gyns, geographic distribution of providers, fand comparisons between 2010 and 2017 Results: Significant geographic spread and increase in in-country medical programs have occurred over the seven-year period. In recent years, the Ghana College of Physicians and Surgeons surpassed that of the West African College of Surgeons. Conclusion: Establishing an Ob/gyn training program with national certification provides a cadre of certified Ob/Gyns that can be trained and retained in low-income settings. Moreover, this allows for long term commitment in multiple relevant sectors that may serve to establish a comprehensive obstetric and gynecology capacity beyond urban centers.

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Extension of the geographic distribution of Plecturocebus baptista (Pitheciidae, Primates) and a possible hybrid zone with Plecturocebus hoffmannsi: evolutionary and conservation implications

Acta Amazonica ◽

10.1590/1809-4392201803411 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 330-333

Author(s):

Alessandro ROCHA ◽

Adrian P.A. BARNETT ◽

Wilson R. SPIRONELLO

Keyword(s):

Geographic Distribution ◽

New Record ◽

Evolutionary Relationships ◽

Neotropical Primates ◽

Conservation Implications ◽

Titi Monkey ◽

Titi Monkeys ◽

Hybrid Animal ◽

Wide Geographic Distribution ◽

Occurrence Records

ABSTRACT Titi monkeys (family Pitheciidae) are Neotropical primates highly diversified in morphology, ecology and genetics, with a wide geographic distribution, including the Amazon, Atlantic Forest, Cerrado, Pantanal and Caatinga. This diversity, together with knowledge gaps, generates uncertainties in titi monkey taxonomy and distribution. An example is Plecturocebus baptista, with only 14 occurrence records and an ill-defined distribution based on untested geographical barriers. Here, we report the occurrence of this species at a new locality outside its known range, across the Paraná-Urariá River, which was considered a distributional limit for the species. The new record implies an overlap of P. baptista with the range of P. hoffmannsi. We document the sighting of an apparent hybrid animal. Our observations suggest that i) the distribution of P. baptista needs to be reviewed, and ii) the evolutionary relationships between P. baptista and P. hoffmannsi may be more complex than previously assumed. Since both species share contiguous areas of potential hybridization, we question whether the two species arose via allopatric speciation.

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Estudio preliminar de las enfermedades y plagas insectiles en las colectas de Phaseolus de México

Agronomía Mesoamericana ◽

10.15517/am.v4i0.25175 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 86

Author(s):

José S. Muruaga Martínez ◽

Jorge A. Acosta Gallegos ◽

Ramón Garza García

Keyword(s):

Common Bean ◽

Geographic Distribution ◽

Genetic Resistance ◽

Herbarium Specimens ◽

Visual Symptoms ◽

In The Wild ◽

Almost All ◽

Phaseolus Species ◽

Wide Geographic Distribution

The INIFAP (Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias) herbarium specimens of Phaseolus spp. collected in Mexico during the period from 1978 to 1991 were examined with the aim of increasing our knowledge on the distribution of the insects and diseases that attack those species. A total of 775 specimens, including 24 different Phaseolus species from different regions of Mexico, were studied. Based on visual symptoms of pathogen damage, a wide geographic distribution of diseases and insects was observed in almost all species; most of them are the same pathogens that attack the cultivated common bean (P. vulgaris). It is possible to find genetic resistance to pathogens in the wild Phaseolus spp., resistance that may be useful to improve the cultivated forms in the genus. However, the utilization of germplasm of wild Phaseolus species will depend upon the thorough characterization of those species, their compatibility with the cultivated beans, and the inheritance of the traits involved.

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