scholarly journals Neural underpinnings of maladaptive decision-making in addictions

2018 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 84-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoe Guttman ◽  
Scott J. Moeller ◽  
Edythe D. London
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Neural Underpinnings

scholarly journals The value of what’s to come: neural mechanisms coupling prediction error and reward anticipation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyohito Iigaya ◽  
Tobias U. Hauser ◽  
Zeb Kurth-Nelson ◽  
John P. O’Doherty ◽  
Peter Dayan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Functional Coupling ◽  
Hippocampal Activity ◽  
Neural Underpinnings ◽  
To Come ◽  
Human Participants

Having something to look forward to is a keystone of well-being. Anticipation of a future reward, like an upcoming vacation, can often be more gratifying than the very experience itself. Theories of anticipation have described how it induces behaviors ranging from beneficial information-seeking through to harmful addiction. However, it remains unclear how neural systems compute an attractive value from anticipation, instead of from the reward itself. To address this gap, we administered a decision-making task to human participants that allowed us to analyze brain activity during receipt of information predictive of future pleasant outcomes. Using a computational model of anticipatory value that captures participants’ decisions, we show that an anticipatory value signal is orchestrated by influences from three brain regions. Ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) tracks the value of anticipation; dopaminergic midbrain responds to information that enhances anticipation, while sustained hippocampal activity provides a functional coupling between these regions. This coordinating function of the hippocampus is consistent with its known role in episodic future thinking. Our findings shed new light on the neural underpinnings of anticipation’s influence over decision-making, while also unifying a range of phenomena associated with risk and time-delay preference.

scholarly journals Genetic and neural relationships underpinning impulsivity

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 80-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nichol Wong ◽  
Tatia Lee
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Neural Underpinnings ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Continuum

Impulsivity refers to acting without forethought. It can be detrimental to daily social functioning and interaction, and is significantly implicated in several clinical conditions, e.g. violence and addiction. Evidence for the neural underpinnings of impulsivity from both healthy and clinical populations, integrated with the findings from genetic studies on the same topic, lend important insight into a neurobehavioral model of impulsivity. In this review, disinhibition and impulsive decision-making in the impulsivity construct are covered. Recent behavioral and imaging-genetic studies on the topic will also be reviewed and discussed. Findings from neuroimaging studies, clinical studies, and genetic studies converge to provide a better understanding of individual differences on the continuum. Future research efforts should continue to focus on the association approach to identify relevant neural-behavioral correlations in order for elucidating the impact from genes through neural to behavioral phenotypes. These potential findings, when being incorporated with physiological and immunological measures, would not only hasten understanding of impulsivity, but guide interventions development for ameliorating maladaptive social/psychological functioning disorders underpinned by it.

scholarly journals Neural Systems Underlying Individual Differences in Intertemporal Decision-making

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Elton ◽  
Christopher T. Smith ◽  
Michael H. Parrish ◽  
Charlotte A. Boettiger
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Social Drinkers ◽  
Neural Underpinnings ◽  
Large Scale Networks ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
Alcohol Related Harm

Excessively choosing immediate over larger future rewards, or delay discounting (DD), associates with multiple clinical conditions. Individual differences in DD likely depend on variations in the activation of and functional interactions between networks, representing possible endophenotypes for associated disorders, including alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Numerous fMRI studies have probed the neural bases of DD, but investigations of large-scale networks remain scant. We addressed this gap by testing whether activation within large-scale networks during Now/Later decision-making predicts individual differences in DD. To do so, we scanned 95 social drinkers (18–40 years old; 50 women) using fMRI during hypothetical choices between small monetary amounts available “today” or larger amounts available later. We identified neural networks engaged during Now/Later choice using independent component analysis and tested the relationship between component activation and degree of DD. The activity of two components during Now/Later choice correlated with individual DD rates: A temporal lobe network positively correlated with DD, whereas a frontoparietal–striatal network negatively correlated with DD. Activation differences between these networks predicted individual differences in DD, and their negative correlation during Now/Later choice suggests functional competition. A generalized psychophysiological interactions analysis confirmed a decrease in their functional connectivity during decision-making. The functional connectivity of these two networks negatively correlates with alcohol-related harm, potentially implicating these networks in AUDs. These findings provide novel insight into the neural underpinnings of individual differences in impulsive decision-making with potential implications for addiction and related disorders in which impulsivity is a defining feature.

scholarly journals A translational perspective on the anti-anhedonic effect of ketamine and its neural underpinnings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erdem Pulcu ◽  
Calum Guinea ◽  
Philip J. Cowen ◽  
Susannah E. Murphy ◽  
Catherine J. Harmer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Nmda Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Subcortical Structure ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Neural Underpinnings ◽  
Cardinal Symptom ◽  
Pronounced Reduction ◽  
Human Neuroimaging ◽  
Antidepressant Action

AbstractAnhedonia, a pronounced reduction in interest or pleasure in any of life’s daily activities, is a cardinal symptom of major depression. In this Perspective article, we synthesise the recent evidence from rodent, monkey and human neuroimaging literature to highlight how the habenula, a small evolutionarily conserved subcortical structure located in the midbrain, may orchestrate the behavioural expression of anhedonia across fronto-mesolimbic networks. We then review how this circuitry can be modulated by ketamine, an NMDA receptor antagonist with rapid antidepressant properties. We propose that experimental paradigms founded in reinforcement learning and value-based decision-making can usefully probe this network and thereby help elucidate the mechanisms underlying ketamine’s rapid antidepressant action.

scholarly journals Ventromedial and dorsolateral prefrontal interactions underlie will to fight and die for a cause

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 569-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Pretus ◽  
Nafees Hamid ◽  
Hammad Sheikh ◽  
Ángel Gómez ◽  
Jeremy Ginges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Subjective Value ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Neural Underpinnings

AbstractWillingness to fight and die (WFD) has been developed as a measure to capture willingness to incur costly sacrifices for the sake of a greater cause in the context of entrenched conflict. WFD measures have been repeatedly used in field studies, including studies on the battlefield, although their neurofunctional correlates remain unexplored. Our aim was to identify the neural underpinnings of WFD, focusing on neural activity and interconnectivity of brain areas previously associated with value-based decision-making, such as the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). A sample of Pakistani participants supporting the Kashmiri cause was selected and invited to participate in an functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) paradigm where they were asked to convey their WFD for a series of values related to Islam and current politics. As predicted, higher compared to lower WFD was associated with increased ventromedial prefrontal activity and decreased dorsolateral activity, as well as lower connectivity between the vmPFC and the dlPFC. Our findings suggest that WFD more prominently relies on brain areas typically associated with subjective value (vmPFC) rather than integration of material costs (dlPFC) during decision-making, supporting the notion that decisions on costly sacrifices may not be mediated by cost-benefit computation.

Neuroimaging of suicidal behaviour

2021 ◽  
pp. 395-406
Author(s):  
Katherin Sudol ◽  
Maria A. Oquendo
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Suicide Attempters ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Neurobiological Substrates ◽  
Neural Underpinnings ◽  
Neuroimaging Techniques

To understand suicidal behaviour and how to prevent it we must appreciate its neurobiological substrates. Neuroimaging provides an in vivo structural, functional, and molecular snapshot of the suicidal brain. Over the past decade, the use of neuroimaging techniques in studying suicidal behaviour has gained momentum, with a notable expansion in structural approaches as well as molecular and functional techniques. Findings from these studies point towards structural and functional changes in the fronto-temporo-limbic circuitry of suicide attempters that affect areas associated with decision-making, cognitive control, and emotion processing. Although these results show promise, direct comparison between studies is often challenging due to methodological inconsistencies between studies. A focus on more uniform, goal-directed methodology with a prospective component can aid future comparisons, and further our understanding of the neural underpinnings of suicidal behaviour.

Cognitive Neuroscience Perspectives on Food Decision-Making: A Brief Introduction

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca J. Lepping ◽  
Vlad B. Papa ◽  
Laura E. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Agricultural Science ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Decision Neuroscience ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Neural Underpinnings ◽  
Advertising To Children

AbstractCognitive neuroscience methods have recently been employed to examine the neural underpinnings of food-related decision-making. The emerging field of food decision neuroscience uses cognitive neuroscience tools such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to study how individuals make decisions regarding food intake, purchasing, branding, and advertising. These tools can be employed to inform marketing strategies, advertising, and product differentiation. Results can also be leveraged to aid in the design of food labeling and policy for obesity, advertising to children, and others. While these tools have the promise for advancing agricultural science as well as informing food related policy, there are some potential pitfalls when applying these techniques to new fields. The goal of this paper is to outline some of the major tools used by cognitive neuroscience – beginning with experimental design and behavioral measures, and then followed by a discussion of some of the neuroimaging tools (fMRI, electroencephalography and event-related potentials [EEG/ERP], and magnetoencephalography [MEG]) – and to highlight how those tools have been used to understand food decision-making.

An exploratory study of the neural mechanisms of decision making in compulsive hoarding

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Tolin ◽  
K. A. Kiehl ◽  
P. Worhunsky ◽  
G. A. Book ◽  
N. Maltby
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Compulsive Hoarding ◽  
Experimental Psychopathology ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Neural Underpinnings

BackgroundPrior studies have suggested unique patterns of neural activity associated with compulsive hoarding. However, to date no studies have examined the process of making actual decisions about whether to keep or discard possessions in patients with hoarding symptoms. An increasing body of clinical data and experimental psychopathology research suggests that hoarding is associated with impaired decision making; therefore, it is important to understand the neural underpinnings of decision-making abnormalities in hoarding patients.MethodTwelve adult patients diagnosed with compulsive hoarding, 17% of whom also met criteria for obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), and 12 matched healthy controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while making decisions about whether or not to discard personal paper items (e.g. junk mail) brought to the laboratory as well as control items that did not belong to them. Items were either saved or destroyed following each decision.ResultsWhen deciding about whether to keep or discard personal possessions, compulsive hoarding participants displayed excessive hemodynamic activity in lateral orbitofrontal cortex and parahippocampal gyrus. Among hoarding participants, decisions to keep personal possessions were associated with greater activity in superior temporal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, medial frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate cortex, precentral gyrus, and cerebellum than were decisions to discard personal possessions.ConclusionsThese results provide partial support for an emerging model of compulsive hoarding based on complications of the decision-making process. They also suggest that compulsive hoarding may be characterized by focal deficits in the processing of reward and changes in reward contingencies, particularly when these are perceived to be punishing.

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