The Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 Does Not Show a Rise in the Age-Standardized Mortality Rate for Cardiovascular Disease in Sub-Saharan Africa

There is mounting evidence of the rising incidence and prevalence of non-communicable diseases in developing countries. Governments are facing serious challenges in health care due to the rising trends in non-communicable diseases as a result of demographic and epidemiological changes, as well as economic globalization. Cardiovascular disease, cancers, diabetes, respiratory disease, obesity andother non-communicable conditions now account for 59 percent of the 56.5 million global deaths annually, and almost half, or 46 percent, of the global burden of disease. It is estimated that by 2020, non-communicable diseases will account for 60% of the global burden of disease. The burden of non-communicable diseases in sub-Saharan Africa is already substantial, and patients with these conditions make significant demands on health resources. How do these changes affect physiotherapists? This paper aims to highlight the need for physiotherapists to shift their focus from curative to preventive care in order to face the challenge of non-communicable diseases.

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Trends and risk factors of mortality and disability adjusted life years for chronic respiratory diseases from 1990 to 2017: systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

BMJ ◽

10.1136/bmj.m234 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. m234 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Xiaochen Li ◽

Xiaopei Cao ◽

Mingzhou Guo ◽

Min Xie ◽

Xiansheng Liu

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Burden Of Disease ◽

Respiratory Diseases ◽

High Body Mass Index ◽

Global Burden Of Disease ◽

Global Burden ◽

Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽

Life Years ◽

Disease Study

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the temporal and spatial trends of mortality and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) due to chronic respiratory diseases, by age and sex, across the world during 1990-2017 using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.DesignSystematic analysis.Data sourceThe Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017.MethodsMortality and DALYs from chronic respiratory diseases were estimated from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 using DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool. The estimated annual percentage change of the age standardised mortality rate was calculated using a generalised linear model with a Gaussian distribution. Mortality and DALYs were stratified according to the Socio-demographic index. The strength and direction of the association between the Socio-demographic index and mortality rate were measured using the Spearman rank order correlation. Risk factors for chronic respiratory diseases were analysed from exposure data.ResultsBetween 1990 and 2017, the total number of deaths due to chronic respiratorydiseases increased by 18.0%, from 3.32 (95% uncertainty interval 3.01 to 3.43) million in 1990 to 3.91 (3.79 to 4.04) million in 2017. The age standardised mortality rate of chronic respiratory diseases decreased by an average of 2.41% (2.28% to 2.55%) annually. During the 27 years, the annual decline in mortality rates of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; 2.36%, uncertainty interval 2.21% to 2.50%) and pneumoconiosis (2.56%, 2.44% to 2.68%) has been slow, whereas the mortality rate for interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis (0.97%, 0.92% to 1.03%) has increased. Reductions in DALYs for asthma and pneumoconiosis have been seen, but DALYs due to COPD, and interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis have increased. Mortality and the annual change in mortality rate due to chronic respiratory diseases varied considerably across 195 countries. Assessment of the factors responsible for regional variations in mortality and DALYs and the unequal distribution of improvements during the 27 years showed negative correlations between the Socio-demographic index and the mortality rates of COPD, pneumoconiosis, and asthma. Regions with a low Socio-demographic index had the highest mortality and DALYs. Smoking remained the major risk factor for mortality due to COPD and asthma. Pollution from particulate matter was the major contributor to deaths from COPD in regions with a low Socio-demographic index. Since 2013, a high body mass index has become the principal risk factor for asthma.ConclusionsRegions with a low Socio-demographic index had the greatest burden of disease. The estimated contribution of risk factors (such as smoking, environmental pollution, and a high body mass index) to mortality and DALYs supports the need for urgent efforts to reduce exposure to them.

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Global trends in cardiovascular disease – an update from the Global Burden of Disease Study

Is Cardiovascular Disease Slowing Improvements in Life Expectancy? ◽

10.1787/43cbb65e-en ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Burden Of Disease ◽

Global Burden Of Disease ◽

Global Burden ◽

Global Trends ◽

Disease Study

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83 Burn Injuries in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Global Burden of Disease Study

Journal of Burn Care & Research ◽

10.1093/jbcr/irab032.087 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S57-S58

Author(s):

Zachary J Collier ◽

Priyanka Naidu ◽

Katherine J Choi ◽

Christopher H Pham ◽

Tom Potokar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Burden Of Disease ◽

Data Exchange ◽

Burn Injuries ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Global Burden Of Disease ◽

Global Burden ◽

Targeted Interventions ◽

Burn Care ◽

Life Years ◽

Sub Saharan

Abstract Introduction Over 1 million burns occur in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) each year leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Financial constraints, social stigma, political strife, inaccessible healthcare facilities, limited perioperative resources, and low workforce capacity results in steep barriers to obtaining timely and effective burn care. This study set out to better define the burn burden as well as the age and gender-related disparities within SSA, to identify specific sub-regions and countries that would benefit most from targeted interventions to enhance burn care. Methods Data for all 46 SSA countries were acquired from the 2017 Global Burden of Disease (GBD17) database of the Global Health Data Exchange. Information regarding fire, heat, and hot substance-related injuries was derived from 17,792 data sources to estimate burn-related incidence, deaths, and Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) by year, sex, age, and location from 1990 to 2017. Summative statistics were created for burn incidence, deaths, DALYs, and mortality ratio (deaths: incidence; %). Spatial mapping was performed to identify burn burden for specific regions and countries. Results An estimated 28,127,199 burns occurred in SSA from 1990–2017. On average, SSA accounted for 16% of worldwide burns, 21% of burn deaths, and 25% of DALYs. Furthermore, the mortality rate was 2.2 times the global average and remained nearly double the entire 27-year period. While all SSA regions had higher incidence, deaths, and DALYs compared to the global cohort, the Southern SSA region consistently had the highest incidence (211 cases per 100,000), deaths (7 per 100,000), and DALYs (355 years per 100,000) throughout the time period, with Lesotho, Swaziland, and Zimbabwe having the highest rates. In contrast to gender similarities globally for burn indicators, all regions within SSA showed higher incidence rates (144 vs 136 cases per 100,000), deaths (5.4 vs 4.7 deaths per 100,000), and DALYs (289 vs 272 years per 100,000) for men than women when age standardized. Conclusions With an estimated 1.4 million burn injuries in 2017, SSA accounted for over 15% of all worldwide burns and 20% of global burn deaths. Although all trended rates improved over the years for each country, they were consistently worse and slower to improve in all regions of SSA compared to the rest of the world. While both Central and Southern SSA regions had the greatest burn burden, burns in Central SSA more significantly impacted those under 5 years whereas Southern SSA saw the greatest burden on the 15–49-year age group.

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Burden of disease attributable to suboptimal diet, metabolic risks and low physical activity in Ethiopia and comparison with Eastern sub-Saharan African countries, 1990–2015: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-018-5438-1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yohannes Adama Melaku ◽

Molla Mesele Wassie ◽

Tiffany K. Gill ◽

Shao Jia Zhou ◽

Gizachew Assefa Tessema ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Burden Of Disease ◽

Global Burden Of Disease ◽

Global Burden ◽

African Countries ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Disease Study

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Burden of tobacco in Nepal: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990–2017

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047847 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. e047847

Author(s):

Gambhir Shrestha ◽

Prabin Phuyal ◽

Rabin Gautam ◽

Rashmi Mulmi ◽

Pranil Man Singh Pradhan

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Tobacco Use ◽

Tobacco Smoking ◽

Burden Of Disease ◽

Global Burden Of Disease ◽

Global Burden ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Systematic Analysis ◽

Life Years ◽

Disease Study

ObjectiveThis study systematically reviews the data extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study and sets out to assess the age-specific and sex-specific mortality and disability attributable to different forms of tobacco from 1990 to 2017, for Nepal.DesignThis cross-sectional study extracted data from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation’s Global Burden of Disease database, then was quantitatively analysed to show the trends and patterns of prevalence of tobacco use, deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributable to tobacco use from different diseases from the year 1990 to 2017 in Nepal.SettingNepal.ResultsIn between 1990 and 2015, the age-standardised prevalence of daily tobacco smoking decreased by 33% in males, 48% in females and 28% in both. By 2017, the age-standardised mortality rate and DALYs attributable to tobacco use, including any form, decreased by 34% and 41%, respectively, with tobacco smoking having the most contribution. However, the absolute number of deaths and DALYs increased by 39% and 3%, respectively. An increasing rate of deaths and DALYs attributable to tobacco was noted with an increase in age. Non-communicable diseases were responsible for most deaths and disabilities attributable to tobacco use.ConclusionThe prevalence of smoking along with the age-standardised mortality rate and DALYs shows a decreasing trend. However, attention should be made to implement a strong plan to control all forms of tobacco including secondhand exposure.

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The Global Burden of Shigella and Enterotoxigenic E. coli: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofx163.892 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽

pp. S365-S365 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ibrahim Khalil

Keyword(s):

Burden Of Disease ◽

Population Attributable Fraction ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Global Burden Of Disease ◽

Global Burden ◽

Years Of Life Lost ◽

Life Years ◽

Disease Study ◽

Children Under 5

Abstract Background Diarrhea is the seventh leading cause of death globally, responsible for more than 1,600,000 deaths in 2016 and nearly 90% of these deaths occurred in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. The Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) is an annual effort to produce and refine estimates of diarrheal disease burden attributable to Shigella spp., enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), and other enteric pathogens. Methods We used a counter-factual approach to estimate deaths, incidence, years of life lost (YLLs), years living with disability (YLDs), and total disability adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to diarrhea and its etiologies, including Shigella and ETEC. To estimate the burden of diarrhea etiologies, we conducted a systematic review of the proportion of diarrheal cases positive for each pathogen and modeled these data using a Bayesian meta-regression tool called DisMod-MR. This tool generates estimates of the pathogen distribution for national and some subnational geographies, all age groups, and for both sexes from 1990 to 2016. We used these estimates, in conjunction with odds ratios for diarrhea given pathogen detection from the Global Enteric Multicenter Study, to calculate the population attributable fraction for each pathogen. Results In 2016, Shigella was responsible for 75,000 deaths among children under-5 and 270,000 deaths among all ages and ETEC was responsible for 22,000 deaths among children under-5 and 60,000 deaths among all ages. Shigella and ETEC ranked second and fourth with regard to pathogen contributions to global diarrheal deaths. Conclusion The global burden of disease attributable to Shigella and ETEC is substantial. GBD 2016 estimates on the age- and location-specific impact of Shigella and ETEC enable evidence-based decision making regarding interventions to reduce the burden of these pathogens. Our findings call for accelerated efforts for the development of vaccines against ETEC and Shigella. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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