Mechanisms of the adaptive immune response inside the central nervous system during inflammatory and autoimmune diseases

2006 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Pedemonte ◽  
Gianluigi Mancardi ◽  
Debora Giunti ◽  
Anna Corcione ◽  
Federica Benvenuto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals A novel gene signature based on five immune checkpoint genes predicts the survival of glioma

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
You Zhai ◽  
Guanzhang Li ◽  
Tao Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Gene Signature ◽  
Immune Checkpoints ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Checkpoint Genes

Abstract Background Glioma is the most common and fatal type of nerve neoplasm in the central nervous system. Several biomarkers have been considered for prognosis prediction, which is not accurate enough. We aimed to carry out a gene signature related to the expression of immune checkpoints which was enough for its performance in prediction. Methods Gene expression of immune checkpoints in TGGA database was filtrated. The 5 selected genes underwent verification by COX and Lasso-COX regression. Next, the selected genes were included to build a novel signature for further analysis. Results Patients were sub-grouped into high and low risk according to the novel signature. Immune response, clinicopathologic characters, and survival showed significant differences between those 2 groups. Terms including “naive,” “effector,” and “IL-4” were screened out by GSEA. The results showed strong relevance between the signature and immune response. Conclusions We constructed a gene signature with 5 immune checkpoints. The signature predicted survival effectively. The novel signature performed more functional than previous biomarkers.

Autoimmunity

2010 ◽  
pp. 267-279
Author(s):  
Antony Rosen
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Peak Incidence ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
The Third

Autoimmune diseases occur when a sustained, specific, adaptive immune response is generated against self-components, and results in tissue damage or dysfunction. They probably affect more than 3% of Western populations, more commonly women than men, and have peak incidence in the third to sixth decades....

Autoimmunity

2020 ◽  
pp. 379-391
Author(s):  
Antony Rosen
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Peak Incidence ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
The Third ◽  
Made In

Autoimmune diseases occur when a sustained, specific, adaptive immune response is generated against self-components, and results in tissue damage or dysfunction. It is now clear that an autoimmune component is a feature of many human diseases. Indeed, there are some estimates that autoimmune diseases afflict more than 3% of Western populations, and imposes a significant personal and economic burden on individuals and nations. They probably affect more commonly women than men, and have peak incidence in the third to sixth decades. This chapter will illustrate many of the principles unifying various autoimmune states, and will present a conceptual framework within which to understand their aetiology, pathogenesis, and pathology. The rapid advances in knowledge being made in this group of disorders predict that disease mechanisms will soon be more clearly understood, and will greatly impact therapeutics.

scholarly journals The Role of Mast Cells in Stroke

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edoardo Parrella ◽  
Vanessa Porrini ◽  
Marina Benarese ◽  
Marina Pizzi
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Brain Edema ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Mast cells (MCs) are densely granulated perivascular resident cells of hematopoietic origin. Through the release of preformed mediators stored in their granules and newly synthesized molecules, they are able to initiate, modulate, and prolong the immune response upon activation. Their presence in the central nervous system (CNS) has been documented for more than a century. Over the years, MCs have been associated with various neuroinflammatory conditions of CNS, including stroke. They can exacerbate CNS damage in models of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke by amplifying the inflammatory responses and promoting brain–blood barrier disruption, brain edema, extravasation, and hemorrhage. Here, we review the role of these peculiar cells in the pathophysiology of stroke, in both immature and adult brain. Further, we discuss the role of MCs as potential targets for the treatment of stroke and the compounds potentially active as MCs modulators.

scholarly journals Role of 5-HT7 receptors in the immune system in health and disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Quintero-Villegas ◽  
Sergio Iván Valdés-Ferrer
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Health And Disease

AbstractIn mammalians, serotonin (5-HT) has critical roles in the central nervous system (CNS), including mood stability, pain tolerance, or sleep patterns. However, the vast majority of serotonin is produced by intestinal enterochromaffin cells of the gastrointestinal tract and circulating blood platelets, also acting outside of the CNS. Serotonin effects are mediated through its interaction with 5-HT receptors (5-HTRs), a superfamily with a repertoire of at least fourteen well-characterized members. 5-HT7 receptors are the last 5-HTR member to be identified, with well-defined functions in the nervous, gastrointestinal, and vascular systems. The effects of serotonin on the immune response are less well understood. Mast cells are known to produce serotonin, while T cells, dendritic cells, monocytes, macrophages and microglia express 5-HT7 receptor. Here, we review the known roles of 5-HT7 receptors in the immune system, as well as their potential therapeutic implication in inflammatory and immune-mediated disorders.

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