A thermodynamic-like characterization of Colombia’s presidential elections in 2010, and a comparison with other Latin American countries

2011 ◽  
Vol 390 (10) ◽  
pp. 1779-1790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diógenes Campos
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Latin American Countries

scholarly journals Characterization of cefotaxime resistant Escherichia coli isolated from broiler farms in Ecuador

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Vinueza-Burgos ◽  
David Ortega-Paredes ◽  
Cristian Narváez ◽  
Lieven De Zutter ◽  
Jeannete Zurita
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Latin American Countries

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance (AR) is a worldwide concern. Up to a 160% increase in antibiotic usage in food animals is expected in Latin American countries. The poultry industry is an increasingly important segment of food production and contributor to AR. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, AR patterns and the characterization of relevant resistance genes in Extended Spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) and AmpC E. coli from large poultry farms in Ecuador. Sampling was performed from June 2013 to July 2014 in 6 slaughterhouses that slaughter broilers from 115 farms totaling 384 flocks. Each sample of collected caeca was streaked onto TBX agar supplemented with cefotaxime (3 mg/l). In total, 176 isolates were analyzed for antimicrobial resistance patterns by the disk diffusion method and for blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaCMY, blaSHV, blaKPC, and mcr-1 by PCR and sequencing. ESBL and AmpC E. coli were found in 362 flocks (94.3%) from 112 farms (97.4%). We found that 98.3% of the isolates were multi-resistant to antibiotics. Low resistance was observed for ertapenem and nitrofurantoin. The most prevalent ESBL genes were the blaCTX-M (90.9%) blaCTX-M-65, blaCTX-M-55 and blaCTX-M-3 alleles. Most of the AmpC strains presented the blaCMY-2 gene. Three isolates showed the mcr-1 gene. Poultry production systems represent a hotspot for antimicrobial resistance in Ecuador, possibly mediated by the extensive use of antibiotics. Monitoring this sector in national and regional plans of antimicrobial resistance surveillance should therefore be considered.

Venezuelan early election call raises a range of risks

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Constituent Assembly ◽  
State Of The Union ◽  
Secretary Of State ◽  
The Government ◽  
To Come ◽  
Latin American Countries

Significance On January 23, Venezuela’s National Constituent Assembly (ANC) called for presidential elections to be brought forward to before April 30. The move has exacerbated an already fraught political situation and undermined dialogue between the government and opposition parties. Impacts US Secretary of State Rex Tillerson will visit Mexico, Argentina, Colombia, Peru and Jamaica from February 1; Venezuela is a key issue. Oil sanctions would have a catastrophic effect on ordinary Venezuelans; Latin American countries are unlikely to come on board. US President Donald Trump’s State of the Union speech today will be scrutinised for what he says (or does not say) about Venezuela.

Characterization of Patients With Dermatomyositis According to Anti–Melanoma Differentiation-Associated Gene-5 Autoantibodies in Centers of 3 Latin American Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Arturo Olivo Pallo ◽  
Leonardo Santos Hoff ◽  
Isabela Bruna Pires Borges ◽  
Jiram Torres-Ruiz ◽  
Fabiola Cassiano-Quezada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Latin American Countries

Molecular Epidemiologic Characterization of Penicillin-ResistantStreptococcus pneumoniaeInvasive Pediatric Isolates Recovered in Six Latin-American Countries: An Overview

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEXANDER TOMASZ ◽  
ALEJANDRA CORSO ◽  
ELENA P. SEVERINA ◽  
GABRIELA ECHÁNIZ-AVILES ◽  
MARIA CRISTINA DE CUNTO BRANDILEONE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Latin American Countries

Swallowing the Bitter Pill

1998 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 539-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
KURT WEYLAND
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Social Spending ◽  
Neoliberal Reforms ◽  
Economic Stabilization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Compensation Hypothesis ◽  
Latin American Countries

What accounts for the surprisingly widespread popular approval that painful neoliberal reforms elicited in several Latin American countries? This article compares the explanatory power of two rival hypotheses, which draw on conventional rational choice and psychological decision theory. The compensation hypothesis claims that governments can engineer support for costly reforms by compensating the losers through targeted social benefits. The rescue hypothesis questions this claim and maintains that draconian adjustment only finds support if it promises to revert a deep crisis and avert further losses. Data from Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Mexico, Peru, and Venezuela suggest that the rescue hypothesis accounts much better for the initial endorsement of neoliberal shock programs immediately after their enactment. When these shock programs bring about economic stabilization and recovery, targeted social benefits help consolidate support for neoliberalism, which a statistical analysis of the impact of social spending on voting in Argentina's and Peru's presidential elections of 1995 reveals.

scholarly journals Characterization of Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D in Latin American countries during 2008-2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 684-688
Author(s):  
Marisabel Luna Cardozo Et al.
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
North America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Latin American Country ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Resilient Infrastructure ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Latin American And Caribbean

Gross domestic expenditure on R&D is one of the most analyzed indicators in terms of growth and economic development of a country. Improving this indicator would lead to the achievement of the SDG that UN Member States adopted in 2015, which responds to build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization, and foster innovation. In this research, a descriptive analysis of the GDE on R&D indicator of Latin American countries, in the period 2008 - 2017, has been carried out in order to analyze and compare it. Firstly, information is presented on the GDE on R&D indicator. Then, the analysis and comparison of the indicator among Latin American countries is shown. In the same way, for the countries that obtain better results, they are compared with the values of the indicator of other countries of Ibero-America and North America. Brazil is the only Latin American country that presents the highest average value of the indicator (0.012), above the average value of Latin American and Caribbean countries, and even of Ibero-American countries.

Colombia migrant move offers hope but no quick fixes

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pope Francis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
International Assistance ◽  
High Profile ◽  
The Status ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Roll Out

Significance President Ivan Duque announced the policy on February 8, saying "we hope other countries follow our example". It will allow beneficiaries to live and work legally in Colombia for ten years and include them in the government's COVID-19 vaccination roll-out. Success may nevertheless be muted, at least in the short term. Impacts Colombia's efforts may encourage other Latin American countries to follow suit, particularly if international assistance is offered. Increased formal work opportunities for migrants would reduce reliance on illicit livelihoods. The status will not allow beneficiaries to vote in next year's presidential elections. High-profile praise from Pope Francis may boost the election prospects of Duque's Democratic Centre among Colombians.

The Legitimacy of Political Institutions

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 1447-1473 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Public Trust ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Latin American Countries

Populism is an enduring feature of Latin American electoral democracies. Within the past decade, scholars have witnessed the political ascendancy of populist politicians from both the left and right of the ideological spectrum. This naturally raises the question as to why populism has proven resilient in some Latin American democracies, whereas in others political forces have remained relatively moderate and institutionalized. This article argues that this phenomenon can be explained by varying levels of public trust in the traditional political institutions of liberal democracy across the region. Specifically, where public trust in political institutions is low, voters will be attracted to candidates who portray themselves as radical “outsiders,” crusading against the established political order. This hypothesis is tested on a new data set of 48 presidential elections, across 18 Latin American countries, between the years 1996 and 2008. The statistical results provide strong support for this argument.

scholarly journals Caracterización físicoquímica de miel de angelita Tetragonisca angustula (Latreille, 1811) producida en Esmeraldas, Ecuador / Physicochemical characterization of “angelita” Tetragonisca angustula (Latreille, 1811) honey produced in Esmeraldas, Ecuador

Ciencia Unemi ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (20) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Patricia Vit ◽  
Isbelia Gonzalez ◽  
Lita Sorroza ◽  
Silvia R Pedro
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Technical Quality ◽  
Physicochemical Composition ◽  
Tetragonisca Angustula ◽  
Latin American Countries

En Ecuador la megabiodiversidad está presente también en las mieles producidas en potes de cerumen, las cuales no están incluidas en las normas técnicas de calidad del Instituto Ecuatoriano de Normalización NET INEN 1572. Las normas de miel sólo se refieren a la miel producida por la abeja comercial Apis mellifera. “Angelita” es el nombre étnico de la abeja sin aguijón Tetragonisca angustula en Ecuador y en otros países latinoamericanos. A fin de singularizar las mieles de T. angustula, se realizó su caracterización físicoquímica según los métodos clásicos de indicadores de calidad en las normas para miel de abejas. El contenido de nitrógeno se determinó por microKjeldahl. Son mieles claras de color ámbar entre 75 y 102 unidades Pfund. La composición físicoquímica varió así: acidez libre 22,50 – 25,20 meq/kg, azúcares reductores 56,43 – 63,83 g/ 100g, cenizas 0,50 – 0,16 g /100 g, color 75 – 102 unidades Pfund, hidroximetilfurfural 0,44 – 1,41 mg/kg, humedad 23,1 – 25,2 g/100 g, nitrógeno 33,66 – 85,78 mg/100 g, pH 3,66 – 4,22, sacarosa aparente 1,46 – 2,36 g/100 g y sólidos insolubles en agua 0,03 – 0,07 g/100g. ABSTRACTIn Ecuador the mega-biodiversity is also present in the honey produced in cerumen pots, which are not included in the technical quality norms of the Ecuadorian Institute of Norms NET INEN 1572. The honey norms only refer to the honey produced by the comercial honey bee Apis mellifera. “Angelita” is the ethnic name of the stingless honey bee Tetragonisca angustula in Ecuador and in other Latin-American countries. In order to single out the honey of T. angustula, its physicochemical characterization was carried out according to conventional methods of quality indicators in standards for honey. The nitrogen content was determined by microKjeldahl. These are clear amber color honeys from 75 to 102 Pfund units. The physicochemical composition varied as follows: free acidity 22.50 – 25.20 meq/kg, reducing sugars 56.43 – 63.83 g/ 100g, ash 0.50 – 0.16 g /100 g, color 75 – 102 Pfund units, hydroximethylfurfural 0.44 – 1.41 mg/kg, moisture 23.1 – 25.2 g/100 g, nitrogen 33.66 – 85.78 mg/100 g, pH 3.66 – 4.22, apparent sucrose 1.46 – 2.36 g/100 g and water insoluble solids 0.03 – 0.07 g/100g.

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