scholarly journals No evidence that portion size influences food consumption in male Sprague Dawley rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 206 ◽  
pp. 225-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabien Naneix ◽  
Sophie C. Pinder ◽  
Megan Y. Summers ◽  
Renee M. Rouleau ◽  
Eric Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Oral Toxicity of 3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one in Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee C. B. Crouse ◽  
Emily May Lent ◽  
Glenn J. Leach
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol 200 ◽  
Effect Level ◽  
Human Health Effects

3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO), an insensitive explosive, was evaluated to assess potential environmental and human health effects. A 14-day oral toxicity study in Sprague-Dawley rats was conducted with NTO in polyethylene glycol -200 by gavage at doses of 0, 250, 500, 1000, 1500, or 2000 mg/kg-d. Body mass and food consumption decreased in males (2000 mg/kg-d), and testes mass was reduced at doses of 500 mg/kg-d and greater. Based on the findings in the 14-day study, a 90-day study was conducted at doses of 0, 30, 100, 315, or 1000 mg/kg-d NTO. There was no effect on food consumption, body mass, or neurobehavioral parameters. Males in the 315 and 1000 mg/kg-d groups had reduced testes mass with associated tubular degeneration and atrophy. The testicular effects were the most sensitive adverse effect and were used to derive a benchmark dose (BMD) of 70 mg/kg-d with a 10% effect level (BMDL10) of 40 mg/kg-d.

A Subchronic Toxicity Study of Phosflex 51B in Sprague-Dawley Rats

2001 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 269-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph I. Freudenthal ◽  
David Brandwene ◽  
Welmoed Clous
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Microscopic Pathology

Phosflex 51B is a flame retardant plasticizer that is blended with polyvinyl chloride films to effectively control product flammability. Its composition places it in the butylated triphenyl phosphate category. Previous studies have shown Phosflex 51B to have low acute toxicity, to lack teratogenic and mutagenic activity, and to not induce delayed peripheral neuropathy. The present study was conducted to determine the toxicity of Phosflex 51B after repeated dietary exposure. Four groups, each consisting of 20 male and 20 female Sprague-Dawley rats, received rodent diet containing either 0, 100, 400, or 1600 ppm for 90 days. Parameters measured include body weight, food consumption, clinical observations, hematology, clinical chemistry, and cholinesterase activity. Tissues were examined at necropsy for gross changes and were processed for microscopic pathology. There were no significant treatment-related effects on body weights, food consumption, hematology and clinical chemistry, or cholinesterase values. A significant increase was observed in the absolute and relative mean weights of livers in high-dose male rats, the mean relative fiver weights of the high-dose female animals, the mean relative kidney weights of the high-dose male rats, and the mean absolute weights of the adrenal glands from high-dose female rats. Neither gross nor microscopic pathology examinations revealed tissue changes in these organs or in any other organs. Although increases in fiver, kidney, and adrenal weights were observed in certain animals in the 1600-ppm high-dose group, the administration of Phosflex 51B did not result in significant treatment-related adverse effects at dietary dose levels of 100 and 400 ppm. The no-observable-effect level (NOEL) in this study is 400 ppm.

Oral Toxicity Evaluation of Thiodiglycol in Sprague-Dawley Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 393-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Angerhofer ◽  
Mark W. Michie ◽  
Glenn J. Leach ◽  
Mark S. Johnson ◽  
Gunda Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Sulfur Mustard ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Individual ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Thiodiglycol (TDG) is the main product of sulfur mustard hydrolysis and is an environmental contaminant. Subacute and subchronic oral toxicity studies with TDG were conducted in Sprague-Dawley rats. Neat TDG was administered by gavage at doses of 157, 313, 625, 1250, 2500, 5000, and 9999 mg/kg/d, 5 days per week, for 14 days. In the 14-day study, decreased body weight and food consumption were observed at 5000 mg/kg/d. In the 90-day study, rats received neat TDG at doses of 50, 500, or 5000 mg/kg/d for 5 days per week. A fourth group served as a sham control. Individual body weight and food consumption were measured weekly. At termination of the experiment, urine, blood, and tissue samples were collected. Rats displayed significant decreased body weight with no effect on food consumption following administration of TDG at 5000 mg/kg/d. Both male and female rats showed significant increased kidney weights at 5000 mg/kg/d. The organ to body weight ratios increased significantly for liver, kidneys, testes, and brain in males and adrenals in females for 5000 mg/kg/d. At all doses of TDG, hematological and clinical parameters and tissue histopathology remained unaltered. The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for oral subchronic toxicity was 500 mg/kg/d. Benchmark dose (BMD) was derived from the decreased gain in body weight that was seen in male rats. A BMD based on a 10% decrease in body weight was 1704 mg/kg/d, and the lower confidence limit on the dose BMD, the BMDL, was 372 mg/kg/d.

FACTORS IN THE REDUCED SURVIVAL TIME DURING STARVATION IN THE COLD OF RATS PREVIOUSLY FED A LOW-PROTEIN DIET

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Beaton ◽  
V. Feleki ◽  
J. A. F. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Male Wistar rats fed a low-protein diet (5% by weight) did not withstand subsequent deprivation of food at 5 °C or 23 °C as long as controls that had been fed a 20% protein diet isocalorically. This was also true in Sprague–Dawley rats which were studied only at 5 °C. This effect of the low-protein diet was not attributable to differences in food consumption, or in "resting" oxygen consumption. The rats fed low-protein had somewhat less fat when deprived of food but, perhaps more importantly, appeared to use less of their reserves of energy during food deprivation. Apparent water loss and thus dehydration appeared to be greater in these animals.

scholarly journals No evidence that portion size influences food consumption in male Sprague Dawley rats

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabien Naneix ◽  
Sophie C. Pinder ◽  
Megan Y. Summers ◽  
Renee M. Rouleau ◽  
Eric Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Size Effect ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
List Type ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

ABSTRACTIn studies of eating behavior that have been conducted in humans, the tendency to consume more when given larger portions of food, known as the portion size effect (PSE), is one of the most robust and widely replicated findings. Despite this, the mechanisms that underpin it are still unknown. In particular, it is unclear whether the PSE arises from higher-order social and cognitive processes that are unique to humans or, instead, reflects more fundamental processes that drive feeding, such as conditioned food-seeking. Importantly, studies in rodents and other animals have yet to show convincing evidence of a PSE. In this series of studies, we used several methods to test for a PSE in adult male Sprague Dawley rats. Our approaches included using visually identifiable portions of a palatable food; training on a plate cleaning procedure; providing portion sizes of food pellets that were signaled by auditory and visual food-predictive cues; providing food with amorphous shape properties; and providing standard chow diet portions in home cages. In none of these manipulations did larger portions increase food intake. In summary, our data provide no evidence that a PSE is present in male Sprague Dawley rats, and if it is, it is more nuanced, dependent on experimental procedure, and/or smaller in size than it is in humans. In turn, these findings suggest that the widely-replicated PSE in humans may be more likely to reflect higher-order cognitive and social processes than fundamental conditioned behaviors.HighlightsPortion size effect (PSE) refers to increased food intake induced by large portions.Although widely replicated in human feeding studies, it may not exist animals.Presence of a PSE in animals would shed light on mechanisms, which are not known.Here, we find no evidence of PSE in male Sprague Dawley rats under a number of experimental conditions.This suggests that the human PSE is more likely due to socio-cognitive processes.

scholarly journals A 13-Week Repeated Oral Dose Toxicity Study of ChondroT in Sprague-Dawley Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiwon Jeong ◽  
Kiljoon Bae ◽  
Jihoon Kim ◽  
Chanhun Choi ◽  
Changsu Na ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Test Substance ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Herbal Medication ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Abstract Background ChondroT, a new herbal medication, consists of Angelica grosseserrata Maxim., Lonicera japonica Thunb., Angelica gigas Nakai, Clematis terniflora var. manshurica (Rupr.) Ohwi, and Phellodendron amurense Rupr. (6:4:4:4:3). Our previous studies have shown that ChondroT exhibits significant anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we aimed to assess the toxicological safety assessment of ChondroT. Methods This study was designed to assess the safety of ChondroT after repeated oral administration. Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with ChondroT at oral doses of 0, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg for 13 weeks. Mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes, food consumption, ophthalmological findings, urinalysis, hematological and blood-chemical parameters, necropsy findings, organ weights, and histological markers were recorded throughout the study period. Rats were also monitored for an additional 4 weeks to determine the recovery time. Results No death occurred and no significant changes in food consumption, ophthalmologic findings, and urinalysis were found. Although there were alterations in clinical signs, body weights, hematological parameters, blood-chemical parameters, necropsy findings, organ weights, and histological markers, they were not considered to be toxicologically significant. Conclusions The results suggest that the no-observed adverse effects level (NOAEL) was 2000 mg/kg/day for the test substance. ChondroT, a new complex herbal medication composed of five plants, can therefore be used safely at the NOAEL.

scholarly journals Subchronic Oral Toxicity of Sodium Tungstate in Sprague-Dawley Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 336-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfred C. McCain ◽  
Lee C. B. Crouse ◽  
Mathew A. Bazar ◽  
Laurie E. Roszell ◽  
Glenn J. Leach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Adverse Effect Level ◽  
Effect Level

The subchronic toxicity of sodium tungstate dihydrate aqueous solution in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats was evaluated by daily oral gavage of 0, 10, 75, 125, or 200 mg/kg/d for 90 days. Measured parameters included food consumption, body weight measurements, hematology, clinical chemistry, and histopathological changes. There was a significant decrease in food consumption and body weight gain in males at 200 mg/kg/d from days 77 to 90; however, there was no effect in food consumption and body weights in females. There were no changes in the hematological and clinical parameters studied. Histopathological changes were seen in kidney of male and female and epididymis of male rats. Histopathological changes were observed in the kidneys of male and female rats dosed at 125 or 200 mg/k/d consisting of mild to severe cortical tubule basophilia in 2 high-dose groups. Histological changes in epididymides included intraluminal hypospermia with cell debris in the 200 mg/kg/d dosed male rats. Histopathological changes were observed in the glandular stomach including inflammation and metaplasia in the high-dose groups (125 or 200 mg/kg/d) of both sexes of rats. Based on histopathology effects seen in the kidneys, the lowest observable adverse effect level was 125 mg/kg/d and the no observable adverse effect level was 75 mg/kg/d in both sexes of rats for oral subchronic toxicity.

Ultrastructural Investigation of Spontaneous Pituitary Adenomas in Aging Sprague-Dawley Rats

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 216-217
Author(s):  
D. J. McComb ◽  
J. Beri ◽  
F. Zak ◽  
K. Kovacs
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Study ◽  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Microscopic Level ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Prolactin Cells ◽  
Light Microscopic Level ◽  
Ultrastructural Investigation ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Long Evans

Investigation of the spontaneous pituitary adenomas in rat have been limited mainly to light microscopic study. Furth et al. (1973) described them as chromophobic, secreting prolactin. Kovacs et al. (1977) in an ul trastructural investigation of adenomas of old female Long-Evans rats, found that they were composed of prolactin cells. Berkvens et al. (1980) using immunocytochemistry at the light microscopic level, demonstrated that some spontaneous tumors of old Wistar rats could contain GH, TSH or ACTH as well as PRL.

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