Identifying factors associated with quit intentions among smokers from two nationally representative samples in Africa: Findings from the ITC Kenya and Zambia Surveys

Abstract This article investigates the determinants of individual support for independence in Montenegro. We outline five theoretically distinct groups of factors covered by the literature and evaluate their impact on individual preference for independence. Using observational data obtained from a nationally representative survey conducted in Montenegro in 2003–2004, we find support for several hypotheses, showing that identity, income, and partisanship significantly impact individual opinion about independence. We also investigate and discuss the relative effect size of different factors associated with preference for independence. Additionally, we test variables with hitherto unexplored implications for opinions on independence, including the impact of support for EU membership, as well as support for democratic principles. Our logistic regression analyses reveal that attitudes towards EU integration and minority rights are strongly associated with support for independence. By systematically analyzing existing and new hypotheses with data from an understudied case, our findings contribute to the nascent literature on individual preferences for independence.

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Are misinformation, antiscientific claims, and conspiracy theories for political extremists?

Group Processes & Intergroup Relations ◽

10.1177/1368430220960805 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 583-605

Author(s):

Adam M. Enders ◽

Joseph E. Uscinski

Keyword(s):

The Political ◽

Conspiracy Theories ◽

Political Orientations ◽

Conspiracy Beliefs ◽

Political Left ◽

Identity Based ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

The Relationship ◽

Political Groups ◽

Representative Samples

Extremist political groups, especially “extreme” Republicans and conservatives, are increasingly charged with believing misinformation, antiscientific claims, and conspiracy theories to a greater extent than moderates and those on the political left by both a burgeoning scholarly literature and popular press accounts. However, previous investigations of the relationship between political orientations and alternative beliefs have been limited in their operationalization of those beliefs and political extremity. We build on existing literature by examining the relationships between partisan and nonpartisan conspiracy beliefs and symbolic and operational forms of political extremity. Using two large, nationally representative samples of Americans, we find that ideological extremity predicts alternative beliefs only when the beliefs in question are partisan in nature and the measure of ideology is identity-based. Moreover, we find that operational ideological extremism is negatively related to nonpartisan conspiracy beliefs. Our findings help reconcile discrepant findings regarding the relationship between political orientations and conspiracy beliefs.

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Factors Associated With Retained Foreign Bodies Following Major Operations

The American Surgeon ◽

10.1177/00031348211024969 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 000313482110249

Author(s):

Arjun Verma ◽

Zachary Tran ◽

Joseph Hadaya ◽

Catherine G. Williamson ◽

Rhea Rahimtoola ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Infection ◽

Foreign Bodies ◽

Laparoscopic Approach ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Financial Outcomes ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Diagnosis Codes ◽

Hospitalization Costs ◽

High Risk Populations ◽

Nationally Representative

Background Retained surgical foreign bodies (RFB) are associated with inferior clinical and financial outcomes. The present work examined a nationally representative sample of all major operations to identify factors associated with RFB. Study Design The 2005-2017 National Inpatient Sample was used to identify adults undergoing cardiac, neurosurgical, orthopedic, genitourinary, gastrointestinal, vascular, and thoracic operations. International Classifications of Diseases 9th-10th Revisions diagnosis codes were used to identify instances of RFB. Results Of an estimated 71,445,042 hospitalizations, .02% had a diagnosis of RFB, with decreasing incidence from .03 to .02% over the study period (NPtrend < .001). Relative to vascular operations, gastrointestinal (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.12), thoracic (AOR 1.80), and multi-cavity (AOR 2.17) were associated with greater odds of RFB. Laparoscopic approach (AOR .33) and trauma-associated admission (AOR .52, all P < .001) were associated with reduced odds of RFB. Despite similar mortality, RFB was associated with increased odds of pulmonary infection (AOR 1.62), sepsis (AOR 1.26), and wound infection (AOR 5.15), as well as a 2.3-day increment in length of stay and $7700 in hospitalization costs (all P < .001). Conclusion The development of novel mitigation strategies may reduce the incidence of RFB in high-risk populations, such as those undergoing gastrointestinal, thoracic, and multi-cavity operations.

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Measured Blood Pressure and Hypertension among Young Adults: A Comparison between Two Nationally Representative Samples

Biodemography and Social Biology ◽

10.1080/19485565.2011.614572 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 184-199 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Laura Chyu ◽

Thomas W. McDade ◽

Emma K. Adam

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Young Adults ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Representative Samples

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Gender and Marital Satisfaction: Data from the National Survey of Families and Households

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1998.83.1.319 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 83 (1) ◽

pp. 319-327 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Walter R. Schumm ◽

Farrell J. Webb ◽

Stephan R. Bollman

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Marital Satisfaction ◽

Representative Sample ◽

The United States ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Satisfaction Relationship ◽

Representative Samples ◽

Small Support

In 1972, Bernard argued that marriage was good for men and bad for women. Subsequent research noted that wives, on average, reported lower marital satisfaction than husbands. Furthermore, when differences within couples existed on marital satisfaction, the wife was usually the less satisfied spouse; however, most previous studies of the gender/marital satisfaction relationship had not been based on nationally representative samples. A nationally representative sample from the 1988 Survey of Families and Households was used to assess the relationship of gender with marital satisfaction. Within-couple analyses indicated that wives were less satisfied with their marriages than husbands and that, when substantial within-couple differences occurred with respect to marital satisfaction, the wife was usually the less satisfied spouse. Results provide at least small support for feminist assertions about the relatively adverse nature of marriage for women in the United States.

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Exploring Attitudes About the Legality of Self-Managed Abortion in the US: Results from a Nationally Representative Survey

Sexuality Research and Social Policy ◽

10.1007/s13178-021-00572-z ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sarah Raifman ◽

M. Antonia Biggs ◽

Lauren Ralph ◽

Katherine Ehrenreich ◽

Daniel Grossman

Keyword(s):

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Public Attitudes ◽

The United States ◽

Public Affairs ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Factors Associated ◽

The Us ◽

The Law ◽

Nationally Representative

Abstract Introduction Twenty-four states have at least one law in place that could be used to prosecute people for self-managed abortion (SMA), or the termination of a pregnancy outside of the formal healthcare system. We investigated factors associated with public attitudes about SMA legality and legal access to abortion more generally. Methods In August 2017, we surveyed a nationally representative sample of English- and Spanish-speaking women ages 18–49 years in the United States (US) using Ipsos Public Affairs’ KnowledgePanel. Unadjusted and adjusted multinomial logistic regression estimates identify characteristics associated with believing that SMA should not be against the law, compared to should be against the law, with weighting to account for sampling into the panel. Results Overall, 76% (95% CI: 74.3%-77.1%) and 59% (95% CI: 57.3%-60.4%) of participants (n = 7,022, completion rate 50%) reported that abortion and SMA, respectively, should not be against the law; 1% and 19% were unsure. Among those living in a state with at least one law that could be used to prosecute an individual for SMA, the majority (55%, 95% CI: 52.7%-57.9%) believed SMA should not be against the law. Factors associated with believing SMA should not be against the law, compared to should be against the law, included prior abortion experience and higher levels of education and income. Conclusion Most reproductive age women in the US believe that SMA should not be criminalized. There is more uncertainty about SMA legality than about the legality of abortion more generally. Policy Implications US laws that criminalize SMA are not supported by the majority of the people living in their jurisdictions.

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Abstract P253: Readmission in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Undergoing Endovascular Treatment

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.52.suppl_1.p253 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Saqib Chaudhry ◽

Ibrahim Laleka ◽

Zelalem Bahiru ◽

Hassan S Gill ◽

Mohammad Rauf Chaudhry ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Endovascular Treatment ◽

Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽

Intracranial Hemorrhage ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Representative Study ◽

Post Procedure ◽

Icd 10 ◽

Nationally Representative

Background: Recent trials have demonstrated a reduction in death or disability with endovascular treatment in patients with acute ischemic strokes. However, readmission rates and predictors are not known. Objective: To identify rates and factors associated with 30-day readmission after endovascular treatment in ischemic stroke patients. Methods: Nationwide Readmissions Data (NRD) between 2010 and 2017 was utilized to identify endovascular treatment in acute ischemic stroke patients using ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes. We used hierarchical logistic regression model to identify factors associated with 30-day readmissions. Results: Among 17, 562 acute ischemic stroke patients who survived to discharge after endovascular treatment, 2334 (13.29%) were readmitted within 30-days. Age => 65 years (odds ratio [OR]: 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09 to 1.39, p =0.0005), chronic kidney disease (OR: 1.28, 95%CI: 1.12 to 1.47, p = 0.0004), congestive heart failure (OR: 1.25, 95%CI: 1.13 to 1.39, p <.0001), post procedure intracranial hemorrhage (OR: 1.09, 95%CI: 0.99 to 1.20, p = 0.04) and diabetes mellitus (OR: 1.09, 95%CI: 0.99 to 1.20, p = .09) during the index hospitalization were associated with readmission within 30 days. Conclusion: In this large nationally representative study, nearly one in 10 patients were readmitted within 30 days after discharge in acute ischemic stroke patients undergoing endovascular treatment. Medical comorbidities and post procedure intracranial hemorrhage were associated with 30-day readmission.

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