Orientation of the primary infectious structures of powdery mildew fungi ( Blumeria graminis ) and their adhesion to the surface of infected wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) leaves

2017 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
Alexander V. Babosha ◽  
Galina I. Komarova
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Blumeria Graminis ◽  
Powdery Mildew Fungi

Impact of powdery mildew on the yield of soft white spring wheat cultivars

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 725-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Conner ◽  
A. D. Kuzyk ◽  
H. Su
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Blumeria Graminis ◽  
Resistant Cultivar ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Soft White Spring Wheat ◽  
Moderately Resistant

The effect of powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici) on the grain yield and protein content of one susceptible, Springfield, and three moderately resistant cultivars, Fielder, AC Reed and AC Nanda, of soft white spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) was examined at two field locations near Lethbridge and Vauxhall, Alberta, in 1999 and 2000. At the start of heading, powdery mildew development was suppressed in half of the plots of each cultivar by a single spray application of the fungicide Tilt (propiconazole). Severe powdery mildew infection of the susceptible cultivar Springfield resulted in yield reductions ranging from 11.4 to 19.9%. The grain yield of the moderately resistant cultivar Fielder was significantly reduced at both sites in 1999 by 7.6–10.5% while AC Reed suffered a significant yield loss (7.6–9.1%) at Lethbridge in both years. The moderately resistant cultivar AC Nanda consistently had the lowest powdery mildew ratings and its yield was unaffected by the disease. A single fungicide application prevented disease buildup on the moderately resistant cultivars, but not on Springfield. The grain protein content of the moderately resistant cultivars was unaffected by powdery mildew, but it decreased in Springfield by 0.6–0.7%. Key words: Powdery mildew, Propiconazole, Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, wheat, Triticum aestivum, resistance

scholarly journals A Pattern Recognition Tool for Quantitative Analysis of In Planta Hyphal Growth of Powdery Mildew Fungi

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 906-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Seiffert ◽  
P. Schweizer
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Blumeria Graminis ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Powdery Mildew Fungi

The development of fungal pathogens can be quantified easily at the level of spore germination or penetration. However, the exact quantification of hyphal growth rates after initial, successful host invasion is much more difficult. Here, we report on the development of a new pattern recognition software (HyphArea) for automated quantitative analysis of hyphal growth rates of powdery mildew fungi on plant surfaces that usually represent highly irregular and noisy image backgrounds. By using HyphArea, we measured growth rates of colonies of the barley powdery mildew, Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei, on susceptible and induced-resistant host plants. Hyphal growth was not influenced by the resistance state of the plants up to 48 h postinoculation. At later time points, growth rate increased on susceptible plants, whereas it remained restricted on induced-resistant plants. This difference in hyphal growth rate was accompanied by lack of secondary haustoria formation on induced-resistant plants, suggesting that induced resistance in barley against Blumeria graminis is caused mainly by reduced penetration rates of primary as well as secondary appressoria leading, finally, to fewer and lessdeveloped fungal colonies. No evidence was found for reduced nutrient-uptake efficiency of the primary haustoria in induced-resistant leaves, which would be expected to have resulted in reduced hyphal growth rates during the first 48 h of the interaction.

Graminicolous powdery mildew fungi as new natural hosts of Ampelomyces mycoparasites

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 680-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Levente Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Blumeria Graminis ◽  
Erysiphe Graminis ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Powdery Mildews ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Natural Hosts ◽  
Powdery Mildew Fungi ◽  
Cultivated Species

The natural occurrence of Ampelomyces mycoparasites is reported for the first time in hyphae, conidiophores, and immature cleistothecia of Blumeria graminis (syn. Erysiphe graminis), the causal agent of cereal and grass powdery mildews. During a 4-year search for Ampelomyces on leaves of different wild and cultivated species of the Gramineae infected with powdery mildews in Hungary, Ampelomyces was recorded in only two samples that represent 5% of the collected monocotyledons. The host plants of B. graminis parasitized by Ampelomyces were Hordeum murinum and Poa pratensis. The pycnidia of Ampelomyces were present in only 3–10% of the powdery mildew mycelia. These observations suggest that (i) the natural occurrence of Ampelomyces mycoparasites on monocotyledons infected with powdery mildews is rare compared with their repeatedly reported incidence on dicotyledons infected with different powdery mildew fungi, and (ii) they probably do not have any significant role in the natural control of B. graminis in the field. Key words: Ampelomyces, Blumeria graminis, Erysiphe graminis, Gramineae, hyperparasitism, mycoparasitism.

scholarly journals Powdery mildew fungi (Erysiphales, Ascomycota) of Western Polissya of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 381-398
Author(s):  
V.P. Heluta ◽  
◽  
I.M. Anishchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Blumeria Graminis ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
Powdery Mildew Fungi ◽  
First Time

Information on powdery mildew fungi (Erysiphales, Ascomycota) recorded in Western Polissya of Ukraine throughout the history of research in the region is provided. The list included in the article comprises 85 species of 7 genera of Erysiphales, namely 43 species of Erysiphe, 19 of Golovinomyces, 15 of Podosphaera, three of Phyllactinia, two of Neoerysiphe and Sawadaea, and one species of Blumeria. For the first time, 21 species are reported for the region: Erysiphe astragali, E. azaleae, E. howeana, E. hypophylla, E. lycopsidis, E. macleayae, E. prunastri, E. russellii, E. syringae-japonicae, Golovinomyces ambrosiae, G. asterum, G. bolayi, G. fisheri, G. riedlianus, G. verbasci, Neoerysiphe galii, Phyllactinia fraxini, Podosphaera aucupariae, P. phtheirospermi, P. prunicola, and Sawadaea tulasnei. The most common species were Blumeria graminis, Erysiphe alphithoides, E. aquilegiae, E. divaricata, E. ornata, E. polygoni, Podosphaera aphanis, and P. myrtillina. Erysiphe heraclei, Neoerysiphe galeopsidis, and Podosphaera erigerontis-canadensis were recorded quite frequently. Erysiphe arcuata, E. astragali, E. azaleae, E. baeumleri, E. circaeae, E. cruchetiana, E. cruciferarum, E. grosulariae, E. hypophylla, E. lythri, E. macleayae, E. palczewskii, E. penicillata, E. pisi, E. prunastri, E. russellii, E. vanbruntiana, Golovinomyces ambrosiae, G. asterum, G. circumfusus, G. cynoglossi, G. fisheri, G. inulae, G. riedlianus, G. verbasci, Neoerysiphe galii, Phyllactinia fraxini, Ph. guttata s.str., Podosphaera amelanchieris, P. aucupariae, P. balsaminae, P. macularis, P. mors-uvae, P. prunicola, and Sawadaea tulasnei are known from one or two localities, so they are considered as rare species in Western Polissya of Ukraine.

RFLP markers linked to powdery mildew resistance genes Pm1, Pm2, Pm3, and Pm4 in wheat

Genome ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 871-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Q. Ma ◽  
M. E. Sorrells ◽  
S. D. Tanksley
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Polymorphic Locus ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Blumeria Graminis ◽  
Rflp Markers ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Polymorphic Markers ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphic

Near-isogenic lines (NILs) and their recurrent parent Chancellor (Cc) were used to identify restriction fragment length polymorphic markers linked to powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis (DC.) E.O. Speer f.sp. tritici) resistance genes Pm1, Pm2, Pm3, and Pm4 in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell). By mapping these polymorphic markers in F2 progenies from crosses of the NILs with Cc, it was found that Pm1 cosegregated with a polymorphic locus detected by DNA probe CDO347; Pm2 was linked to a locus detected by probe BCD1871 with a distance of 3.5 cM; Pm3b was linked to a locus detected by probe BCD1434 with a distance of 1.3 cM; Pm4a cosegregated with Xbcd1231-2A(2) and Xcdo678-2A, and was closely flanked by Xbcd1231-2A(1) and Xbcd292-2A both with a distance of 1.5 cM. Aneuploid mapping of these markers indicated that locus Xcdo347-7A is on 7AL, Xbcd1871-5D on 5DS, Xbcd1434-1A on 1AS, and loci Xbcd292-2A and Xcdo678-2A are on 2AL. The same polymorphic fragments detected in the Pm3b NIL by Xbcd1434-1A were found in Pm3a NIL using several enzyme digestions.Key words: RFLP markers, Pm1, Pm2, Pm3, Pm4, Blumeria graminis (DC.) E.O. Speer f.sp. tritici (Erysiphe graminis f.sp. tritici), wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell), gene tagging.

scholarly journals Variability of the wheat powdery mildew pathogen Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici in the 2003 crop season

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 420-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila M. Costamilan
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Blumeria Graminis ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Crop Season ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Wheat Powdery Mildew ◽  
Powdery Mildew Pathogen

Wheat (Triticum aestivum) powdery mildew, caused by the biotrophic fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most severe foliar diseases attacking this crop, reducing grain yields by 10% to 62% in Brazil. The disease can be controlled by genetic resistance of the host, but the pathogen has physiological specialization, which enables it to infect wheat cultivars that have remained resistant for years. The objective of this work was to evaluate the variability of pathogenic strains of B. graminis f. sp. tritici collected in Brazil and the effectiveness of wheat resistance genes to powdery mildew in the 2003 crop season. Plants of a differential series were inoculated with each monopustular isolate. Thirty-one combinations of effective and ineffective resistance genes were identified. Only the gene Pm4a+... remained totally effective to all isolates, and gene Pm6 was highly effective (below 10% of susceptibility), whereas genes Pm3a and Pm8 were totally ineffective (susceptible to all isolates). Genes Pm3c, D1, and D2 showed low effectiveness (above 50% of susceptibility), and genes Pm1, 2, 4a, 1+?, and 2+Mld had mean effective results to most strains (susceptibility between 10% and 49%). The virulence formula Pm1, 3c, 4a, 6, 1+?, 2+Mld, 4a+..., D2 (effective genes) / 2, 3a, 8, D1 (ineffective genes) was most frequently found, accounting for 15% of the occurrences. The most frequent number of ineffective genes was seven, ranging from three to ten.

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