scholarly journals Powdery mildew fungi (Erysiphales, Ascomycota) of Western Polissya of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 381-398
Author(s):  
V.P. Heluta ◽  
◽  
I.M. Anishchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Blumeria Graminis ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
Powdery Mildew Fungi ◽  
First Time

Information on powdery mildew fungi (Erysiphales, Ascomycota) recorded in Western Polissya of Ukraine throughout the history of research in the region is provided. The list included in the article comprises 85 species of 7 genera of Erysiphales, namely 43 species of Erysiphe, 19 of Golovinomyces, 15 of Podosphaera, three of Phyllactinia, two of Neoerysiphe and Sawadaea, and one species of Blumeria. For the first time, 21 species are reported for the region: Erysiphe astragali, E. azaleae, E. howeana, E. hypophylla, E. lycopsidis, E. macleayae, E. prunastri, E. russellii, E. syringae-japonicae, Golovinomyces ambrosiae, G. asterum, G. bolayi, G. fisheri, G. riedlianus, G. verbasci, Neoerysiphe galii, Phyllactinia fraxini, Podosphaera aucupariae, P. phtheirospermi, P. prunicola, and Sawadaea tulasnei. The most common species were Blumeria graminis, Erysiphe alphithoides, E. aquilegiae, E. divaricata, E. ornata, E. polygoni, Podosphaera aphanis, and P. myrtillina. Erysiphe heraclei, Neoerysiphe galeopsidis, and Podosphaera erigerontis-canadensis were recorded quite frequently. Erysiphe arcuata, E. astragali, E. azaleae, E. baeumleri, E. circaeae, E. cruchetiana, E. cruciferarum, E. grosulariae, E. hypophylla, E. lythri, E. macleayae, E. palczewskii, E. penicillata, E. pisi, E. prunastri, E. russellii, E. vanbruntiana, Golovinomyces ambrosiae, G. asterum, G. circumfusus, G. cynoglossi, G. fisheri, G. inulae, G. riedlianus, G. verbasci, Neoerysiphe galii, Phyllactinia fraxini, Ph. guttata s.str., Podosphaera amelanchieris, P. aucupariae, P. balsaminae, P. macularis, P. mors-uvae, P. prunicola, and Sawadaea tulasnei are known from one or two localities, so they are considered as rare species in Western Polissya of Ukraine.

scholarly journals A Pattern Recognition Tool for Quantitative Analysis of In Planta Hyphal Growth of Powdery Mildew Fungi

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 906-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Seiffert ◽  
P. Schweizer
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Blumeria Graminis ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Powdery Mildew Fungi

The development of fungal pathogens can be quantified easily at the level of spore germination or penetration. However, the exact quantification of hyphal growth rates after initial, successful host invasion is much more difficult. Here, we report on the development of a new pattern recognition software (HyphArea) for automated quantitative analysis of hyphal growth rates of powdery mildew fungi on plant surfaces that usually represent highly irregular and noisy image backgrounds. By using HyphArea, we measured growth rates of colonies of the barley powdery mildew, Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei, on susceptible and induced-resistant host plants. Hyphal growth was not influenced by the resistance state of the plants up to 48 h postinoculation. At later time points, growth rate increased on susceptible plants, whereas it remained restricted on induced-resistant plants. This difference in hyphal growth rate was accompanied by lack of secondary haustoria formation on induced-resistant plants, suggesting that induced resistance in barley against Blumeria graminis is caused mainly by reduced penetration rates of primary as well as secondary appressoria leading, finally, to fewer and lessdeveloped fungal colonies. No evidence was found for reduced nutrient-uptake efficiency of the primary haustoria in induced-resistant leaves, which would be expected to have resulted in reduced hyphal growth rates during the first 48 h of the interaction.

Graminicolous powdery mildew fungi as new natural hosts of Ampelomyces mycoparasites

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 680-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Levente Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Blumeria Graminis ◽  
Erysiphe Graminis ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Powdery Mildews ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Natural Hosts ◽  
Powdery Mildew Fungi ◽  
Cultivated Species

The natural occurrence of Ampelomyces mycoparasites is reported for the first time in hyphae, conidiophores, and immature cleistothecia of Blumeria graminis (syn. Erysiphe graminis), the causal agent of cereal and grass powdery mildews. During a 4-year search for Ampelomyces on leaves of different wild and cultivated species of the Gramineae infected with powdery mildews in Hungary, Ampelomyces was recorded in only two samples that represent 5% of the collected monocotyledons. The host plants of B. graminis parasitized by Ampelomyces were Hordeum murinum and Poa pratensis. The pycnidia of Ampelomyces were present in only 3–10% of the powdery mildew mycelia. These observations suggest that (i) the natural occurrence of Ampelomyces mycoparasites on monocotyledons infected with powdery mildews is rare compared with their repeatedly reported incidence on dicotyledons infected with different powdery mildew fungi, and (ii) they probably do not have any significant role in the natural control of B. graminis in the field. Key words: Ampelomyces, Blumeria graminis, Erysiphe graminis, Gramineae, hyperparasitism, mycoparasitism.

First Report of Powdery Mildew on Potato Caused by Leveillula taurica in North America

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean A. Glawe ◽  
Lindsey J. du Toit ◽  
Gary Q. Pelter
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Russet Burbank Potato ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
The Other ◽  
Leveillula Taurica ◽  
Powdery Mildew Fungi ◽  
First Time ◽  
Made In

In August 2004, examination of powdery mildew-infected ‘Russet Burbank’ potato leaves from a furrow-irrigated field in Grant Co., WA, revealed two powdery mildew fungi, one referable to Erysiphe orontii and the other to Leveillula taurica (Lév.) G. Arnaud. Discovery of the two species sporulating together on diseased leaves is consistent with an observation made in the Middle East. This report documents, for the first time, L. taurica on potato in N. America and provides information on distinguishing it from E. orontii. Accepted for publication 9 December 2004. Published 14 December 2004.

Sensitivity of the U.S. wheat powdery mildew population to QoI fungicides and determination of the complete Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici cytochrome b gene

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Cowger ◽  
Emily A. Meyers ◽  
Rebecca A. Whetten
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Cytochrome B ◽  
Blumeria Graminis ◽  
Cytb Gene ◽  
Qoi Fungicides ◽  
Resistance Factors ◽  
Wheat Powdery Mildew ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome B ◽  
First Time ◽  
The U.S

Wheat powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is managed primarily with cultivar resistance and foliar fungicides. Quinone outside inhibitors (QoIs), which target the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) gene, are one of the two main fungicide classes used on wheat. While European populations of B. graminis f. sp. tritici are widely insensitive to QoIs, largely due to the cytb mutation G143A, the QoI sensitivity of the U.S. B. graminis f. sp. tritici population had never been evaluated despite years of QoI use on U.S. wheat. A total of 381 B. graminis f. sp. tritici isolates from 15 central and eastern U.S. states were screened for sensitivity to QoI fungicides pyraclostrobin and picoxystrobin. A modest range of sensitivities was observed, with maximum resistance factors of 11.2 for pyraclostrobin and 5.3 for picoxystrobin. The F129L, G137R, and G143A cytb mutations were not detected in the U.S. B. graminis f. sp. tritici population, nor were mutations identified in the PEWY loop, a key part of the Qo site. Thus, no genetic basis for the observed quantitative variation in QoI sensitivity of U.S. B. graminis f. sp. tritici was identified. Isolate sporulation was weakly negatively associated with reduced QoI sensitivity, suggesting a fitness cost. In the course of the study, the complete B. graminis f. sp. tritici cytb gene sequence was determined for the first time in the isolate 96224 v. 3.16 reference genome. Contrary to previous reports, the gene has an intron that appears to belong to intron group II, which is unusual in fungi. The study was the first QoI sensitivity screening of a large, geographically diverse set of U.S. B. graminis f. sp. tritici isolates, and while the population as a whole remains relatively sensitive, some quantitative loss of efficacy was observed.

Information on the study of ancient Slavic monuments of writing in the mid-19th century in the correspondence of Spiridon Palauzov and Aleksey Viktorov

2020 ◽  
pp. 465-479
Author(s):  
Marina S. Krutova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
Introductory Article ◽  
Russian State ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
First Time

Letters of 1869–1872 of the famous figure of the Bulgarian Renaissance Spiridon Nikolayevich Palauzov to the outstanding researcher and collector of manuscript books Aleksey Yegorovich Viktorov, stored in the Russian State Library’s manuscripts department, are published in full for the first time. The value of these epistolary documents for Russian and Slavic literature of the 19th century lies in the fact that they contain little-known information on the history of research, attribution and publication of handwritten monuments such as “The Life and Praise of Saint Philothei of Athens”, “The Commendation of Saint Euthymius of Tarnovo” by Gregory Tsamblak, the Service of Holy Venerable Theodosius of Tarnovo, and the writings of Saint Clement of Ohrid and Tsar Simeon I the Great, the Great Menaion Reader was compiled in the 1530s–1540s under the supervision of Metropolitan Macarius of Moscow, etc. An introductory article gives a brief description of the letters. The text of the epistolary documents is provided with historical, literary and real commentary.

New and little-known for the Leningrad Region liverworts (Marchantiophyta) from Hogland Island (Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea)

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 369-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Potemkin ◽  
E. I. Rozantseva
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Gulf Of Finland ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Island Species ◽  
Exclamation Mark ◽  
History Of ◽  
Associated Species ◽  
First Time

Brief description of the history of investigation of liverwort flora of Hog land Island is provided. The list of 24 species newly recorded for the island (Anastrophyllum michauxii, Bazzania trilobata, Calypogeia fissa, Cephalozia loitlesbergeri, C. macounii, Cephaloziella elegans, C. hampeana, C. rubella, Diplophyllum obtusifolium, Isopaches alboviridis, Kurzia pauciflora, Lophozia sudetica, Metzgeria furcata, Mylia taylori, Nardia scalaris, Odontoschisma francisci, Orthocaulis floerkei, Riccardia chamedryfolia, R. incurvata, Scapania nemorea, Schistichilopsis laxa, Tetralophozia setiformis) is annotated by data on coordinates of their locations, habitats, growth pattern, associated species, known locations on adjacent territories, presence of structures associated with reproduction (gem. — gemmae and brood bodies, per. — perianths and other protecting structures of developing sporophytes, juv. caps. — juvenile capsules, caps. — mature capsules, anth. — antheridia). Species marked in the list by one asterisk (*) are published for the first time for the island, species marked by two asterisks (**) (Calypogeia fissa, Cephaloziella elegans, Isopaches alboviridis, Tetralophozia setiformis) — for the first time for the Leningrad Region, records marked in the list by exclamation mark (!) (Isopaches alboiviridis, Lophozia sudetica, Tetralophozia setiformis) are the most southern records for European Russia. Specificity of the liverwort flora of Hogland Island is demonstrated on the basis of analysis of frequency and activity of the rare species.

scholarly journals New Pathotype Nomenclature for Better Characterisation the Virulence and Diversity of Blumeria graminis f.sp. avenae Populations

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1852
Author(s):  
Sylwia Okoń ◽  
Magdalena Cieplak ◽  
Adam Kuzdraliński ◽  
Tomasz Ociepa
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Blumeria Graminis ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Differential Set ◽  
Letter Code ◽  
First Time

Fungal cereal pathogens, including Blumeria graminis f.sp. avenae, have the ability to adapt to specific conditions, which in turn leads to overcoming host resistance. An important aspect is the standardized way of characterizing the races and pathotypes of the pathogen. In the presented work, for the first time it was proposed to use a unified letter code that allows describing the pathotypes of B. graminis f.sp. avenae. The set of 14 oat genotypes were used as a differential set. This set included genotypes having so far described powdery mildew resistance genes Pm1–Pm11, and two genotypes (A. sterilis and A. strigosa) with effective sources of resistance to Bga. Based on the analysis of 160 Bga isolates collected in 2016–2019 from 4 locations in Poland, the most numerous was the TBBB pathotype, represented by 30% of the tested isolates. It was present in all analyzed populations. Subsequently, 8.1% and 6.3% of the isolates represented the TBCB and RBBB pathotypes, respectively.

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