Expression profiles of the MdACS3 gene suggest a function as an accelerator of apple (Malus×domestica) fruit ripening

BACKGROUND: The softness of blackberry fruits limits their postharvest shelf-life and commercial use, and abscisic acid (ABA) is considered one of the key hormones involved in fruit ripening. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the underlying physiological and molecular actions of ABA on blackberry fruit ripening and softening. METHODS: Various physiological indices of and plant hormone levels in treated and untreated blackberry fruits were determined simultaneously. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed by RNA-sequencing, and their expression profiles were detected. The ripening mechanism was elucidated by UHPLC-MS using two groups of fruits at 28 d. RESULTS: After 25 d, the ABA concentration and polygalacturonase (PG) and beta-1,4-endoglucanase (EG) activities in ABA-treated fruits were significantly higher than those in untreated fruits. Large differences in the expression profiles were detected at 28 d. The expression of DEGs related to cell wall softening and ABA synthesis was largely triggered after 25 or 28 d. Sixty-nine differentially accumulated metabolites were ultimately annotated as related to fruit ripening. CONCLUSIONS: ABA stimulates blackberry fruit ripening by promoting cell wall enzyme activities, the expression of various ripening-related genes and metabolite accumulation.

Download Full-text

Apple (Malus domestica) MdERF2 negatively affects ethylene biosynthesis during fruit ripening by suppressingMdACS1transcription

The Plant Journal ◽

10.1111/tpj.13289 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 88 (5) ◽

pp. 735-748 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Tong Li ◽

Zhongyu Jiang ◽

Lichao Zhang ◽

Dongmei Tan ◽

Yun Wei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Malus Domestica ◽

Fruit Ripening ◽

Ethylene Biosynthesis

Download Full-text

Brassinosteroids Suppress Ethylene Biosynthesis via Transcription Factor BZR1 in Pear and Apple Fruit

10.1101/2020.02.27.968800 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yinglin Ji ◽

Yi Qu ◽

Zhongyu Jiang ◽

Xin Su ◽

Pengtao Yue ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transcription Factor ◽

Fruit Ripening ◽

Ethylene Production ◽

Plant Hormone ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Acc Synthase ◽

Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽

Apple Fruit ◽

Pear Fruit ◽

Climacteric Fruit

ABSTRACTThe plant hormone ethylene is important for the ripening of climacteric fruit, such as pear (Pyrus ussuriensis), and the brassinosteroid (BR) class of phytohormones affects ethylene biosynthesis during ripening, although via an unknown molecular mechanism. Here, we observed that exogenous BR treatment suppressed ethylene production during pear fruit ripening, and that the expression of the transcription factor PuBZR1 was enhanced by epibrassinolide (EBR) treatment during pear fruit ripening. PuBZR1 was shown to interact with PuACO1, which converts 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) to ethylene, and suppress its activity. We also observed that BR-activated PuBZR1 bound to the promoters of PuACO1 and of PuACS1a, which encodes ACC synthase, and directly suppressed their transcription. Moreover, PuBZR1 suppressed the expression of transcription factor PuERF2 by binding its promoter, and PuERF2 bound to the promoters of PuACO1 and PuACS1a. We concluded that PuBZR1 indirectly suppresses the transcription of PuACO1 and PuACS1a through its regulation of PuERF2. Ethylene production and the expression profiles of the corresponding apple (Malus domestica) homologs showed similar changes following EBR treatment. Together, these results suggest that BR-activated BZR1 suppresses ACO1 activity and the expression of ACO1 and ACS1a, thereby reducing ethylene production during pear and apple fruit ripening. This likely represents a conserved mechanism by which exogenous BR suppresses ethylene biosynthesis during climacteric fruit ripening.One-sentence summaryBR-activated BZR1 suppresses ACO1 activity and expression of ACO1 and ACS1a, which encode two ethylene biosynthesis enzymes, thereby reducing ethylene production during pear and apple fruit ripening.

Download Full-text

Endopolygalacturonase in Apples (Malus domestica) and Its Expression during Fruit Ripening

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY ◽

10.1104/pp.102.1.219 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 102 (1) ◽

pp. 219-225 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Q. Wu ◽

M. Szakacs-Dobozi ◽

M. Hemmat ◽

G. Hrazdina

Keyword(s):

Malus Domestica ◽

Fruit Ripening

Download Full-text

Genome-wide identification of microRNAs involved in the regulation of fruit ripening in apple (Malus domestica)

Scientia Horticulturae ◽

10.1016/j.scienta.2021.110416 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 289 ◽

pp. 110416

Author(s):

Miao-Miao Wang ◽

Tong-Xin Li ◽

Yao Wu ◽

Shang-Wei Song ◽

Tuan-Hui Bai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Malus Domestica ◽

Fruit Ripening ◽

Genome Wide

Download Full-text

Structure and expression of MdFBCP1, encoding an F-box-containing protein 1, during Fuji apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruit ripening

Plant Cell Reports ◽

10.1007/s00299-008-0555-4 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 27 (8) ◽

pp. 1291-1301 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Sang Eun Han ◽

Young Sam Seo ◽

Seong Heo ◽

Daeil Kim ◽

Soon-Kee Sung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Malus Domestica ◽

Fruit Ripening ◽

Malus Domestica Borkh ◽

Fuji Apple

Download Full-text

Genome Identification of B-BOX Gene Family Members in Seven Rosacea Species and Their Expression Analysis in Response to Flower Induction in Malus domestica

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules23071763 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (7) ◽

pp. 1763 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Abdullah Shalmani ◽

Sheng Fan ◽

Peng Jia ◽

Guofang Li ◽

Izhar Muhammad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Family ◽

Malus Domestica ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Structural Features ◽

Flower Induction ◽

Specific Expression ◽

Flowering Induction

BBX proteins play important roles in regulating plant growth and development including photomorphogenesis, photoperiodic regulation of flowering, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. At present, the genomes of seven Rosacea fruit species have been fully sequenced. However, little is known about the BBX gene family and their evolutionary history in these Rosacea species. Therefore, in this study total, 212 BBX genes were investigated from seven Rosacea species (67 from Malus × domestica, 40 from Pyruscommunis, 22 from Rosa Chinesis, 20 from Prunuspersica, 21 from Fragariavesca, 22 from Prunusavium, and 20 from Rubusoccidentalis). The chemical properties, gene structures, and evolutionary relationships of the BBX genes were also studied. All the BBX genes were grouped into six subfamilies on the basis of their phylogenetic relationships and structural features. Analysis of gene structure, segmental and tandem duplication, gene phylogeny, and tissue-specific expression with the ArrayExpress database showed their diversification in function, quantity, and structure. The expression profiles of 19 MdBBX genes in different tissues were evaluated through qRT-PCR. These genes showed distinct transcription level among the tested tissues (bud, flower, fruit, stem, and leaf). Moreover, expression patterns of 19 MdBBX genes were examined during flowering induction time under flowering-related hormones and treatments (GA3, 6-BA, and sucrose). The expressions of the candidates BBX genes were affected and showed diverse expression profile. Furthermore, changes in response to these flowering-related hormones and treatment specifying their potential involvement in flowering induction. Based on these findings, BBX genes could be used as potential genetic markers for the growth and development of plants particularly in the area of functional analysis, and their involvement in flower induction in fruit plants.

Download Full-text

Recent Advances in Phytohormone Regulation of Apple-Fruit Ripening

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10102061 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 2061

Author(s):

Yinglin Ji ◽

Aide Wang

Keyword(s):

Malus Domestica ◽

Fruit Ripening ◽

Regulatory Network ◽

Textural Properties ◽

Fruit Production ◽

Apple Fruit ◽

Future Research ◽

Research Areas ◽

Complex Regulatory Network ◽

Dynamic Interplay

Apple (Malus domestica) is, globally, one of the largest fruits in terms of cultivated area and yield. Apple fruit is generally marketed after storage, which is of great significance for regulating the market supply in the off-season of fruit production. Apple-fruit ripening, which culminates in desirable changes in structural and textural properties, is governed by a complex regulatory network. Much is known about ethylene as one of the most important factors promoting apple-fruit ripening. However, the dynamic interplay between phytohormones also plays an important part in apple-fruit ripening. Here, we review and evaluate the complex regulatory network concerning the action of phytohormones during apple-fruit ripening. Interesting future research areas are discussed.

Download Full-text