Identification of grape H3K4 genes and their expression profiles during grape fruit ripening and postharvest ROS treatment

BACKGROUND: The softness of blackberry fruits limits their postharvest shelf-life and commercial use, and abscisic acid (ABA) is considered one of the key hormones involved in fruit ripening. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the underlying physiological and molecular actions of ABA on blackberry fruit ripening and softening. METHODS: Various physiological indices of and plant hormone levels in treated and untreated blackberry fruits were determined simultaneously. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed by RNA-sequencing, and their expression profiles were detected. The ripening mechanism was elucidated by UHPLC-MS using two groups of fruits at 28 d. RESULTS: After 25 d, the ABA concentration and polygalacturonase (PG) and beta-1,4-endoglucanase (EG) activities in ABA-treated fruits were significantly higher than those in untreated fruits. Large differences in the expression profiles were detected at 28 d. The expression of DEGs related to cell wall softening and ABA synthesis was largely triggered after 25 or 28 d. Sixty-nine differentially accumulated metabolites were ultimately annotated as related to fruit ripening. CONCLUSIONS: ABA stimulates blackberry fruit ripening by promoting cell wall enzyme activities, the expression of various ripening-related genes and metabolite accumulation.

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Brassinosteroids Suppress Ethylene Biosynthesis via Transcription Factor BZR1 in Pear and Apple Fruit

10.1101/2020.02.27.968800 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yinglin Ji ◽

Yi Qu ◽

Zhongyu Jiang ◽

Xin Su ◽

Pengtao Yue ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transcription Factor ◽

Fruit Ripening ◽

Ethylene Production ◽

Plant Hormone ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Acc Synthase ◽

Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽

Apple Fruit ◽

Pear Fruit ◽

Climacteric Fruit

ABSTRACTThe plant hormone ethylene is important for the ripening of climacteric fruit, such as pear (Pyrus ussuriensis), and the brassinosteroid (BR) class of phytohormones affects ethylene biosynthesis during ripening, although via an unknown molecular mechanism. Here, we observed that exogenous BR treatment suppressed ethylene production during pear fruit ripening, and that the expression of the transcription factor PuBZR1 was enhanced by epibrassinolide (EBR) treatment during pear fruit ripening. PuBZR1 was shown to interact with PuACO1, which converts 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) to ethylene, and suppress its activity. We also observed that BR-activated PuBZR1 bound to the promoters of PuACO1 and of PuACS1a, which encodes ACC synthase, and directly suppressed their transcription. Moreover, PuBZR1 suppressed the expression of transcription factor PuERF2 by binding its promoter, and PuERF2 bound to the promoters of PuACO1 and PuACS1a. We concluded that PuBZR1 indirectly suppresses the transcription of PuACO1 and PuACS1a through its regulation of PuERF2. Ethylene production and the expression profiles of the corresponding apple (Malus domestica) homologs showed similar changes following EBR treatment. Together, these results suggest that BR-activated BZR1 suppresses ACO1 activity and the expression of ACO1 and ACS1a, thereby reducing ethylene production during pear and apple fruit ripening. This likely represents a conserved mechanism by which exogenous BR suppresses ethylene biosynthesis during climacteric fruit ripening.One-sentence summaryBR-activated BZR1 suppresses ACO1 activity and expression of ACO1 and ACS1a, which encode two ethylene biosynthesis enzymes, thereby reducing ethylene production during pear and apple fruit ripening.

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Jasmonic acid involves in grape fruit ripening and resistant against Botrytis cinerea

Functional & Integrative Genomics ◽

10.1007/s10142-015-0468-6 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 79-94 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Haifeng Jia ◽

Cheng Zhang ◽

Tariq Pervaiz ◽

Pengcheng Zhao ◽

Zhongjie Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Jasmonic Acid ◽

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Fruit Ripening ◽

Grape Fruit

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Expression profiles of the MdACS3 gene suggest a function as an accelerator of apple (Malus×domestica) fruit ripening

Postharvest Biology and Technology ◽

10.1016/j.postharvbio.2011.05.005 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 141-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Vijaya Varanasi ◽

Sungbong Shin ◽

James Mattheis ◽

David Rudell ◽

Yanmin Zhu

Keyword(s):

Malus Domestica ◽

Fruit Ripening ◽

Expression Profiles

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Genome-Wide Analysis and Functional Characterization of the UDP-Glycosyltransferase Family in Grapes

Horticulturae ◽

10.3390/horticulturae7080204 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (8) ◽

pp. 204

Author(s):

Yongzan Wei ◽

Huayuan Mu ◽

Guangzhao Xu ◽

Yi Wang ◽

Yang Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Fruit Ripening ◽

Functional Characterization ◽

Flavonoid Glycosides ◽

Uridine Diphosphate ◽

Genome Wide Analysis ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Grape Fruit ◽

External Stresses

Grape (Vitis vinifera) produces a variety of secondary metabolites, which can enhance nutrients and flavor in fruit and wine. Uridine diphosphate-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are primarily responsible for the availability of secondary metabolites by glycosylation modification. Here, a total of 228 putative UGTs were identified in V. vinifera, and VvUGTs were clustered into 15 groups (A to O) and unevenly distributed on 18 chromosomes. Diverse VvUGT members from 12 groups were transcribed, and they responded to different external stresses. More than 72% of VvUGT members were expressed at one or more stages of grape fruit development, and the expression levels of 34 VvUGT members increased gradually with fruit ripening. The VvUGT members of different groups may be involved in the synthesis and accumulation of flavonoid glycosides, glycosidically bound volatiles, and stilbenes. These results will provide guidance for further research on the functions and regulating mechanisms of UGT genes.

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Identification and Analysis of Genes Involved in the Jasmonate Pathway in Response to Ethephon and 1-Methylcyclopropene during the Ripening of Apple Fruit

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs04054-17 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 142 (3) ◽

pp. 184-191 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jingyi Lv ◽

Yonghong Ge ◽

Canying Li ◽

Mengyuan Zhang ◽

Jianrong Li

Keyword(s):

Signaling Pathway ◽

Fruit Ripening ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽

Apple Fruit ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Allene Oxide ◽

Ripening Stage ◽

Early Ripening ◽

Ethephon Treatment

Fruit ripening is a complex process involving many physiological changes and the dynamic interplay between different phytohormones. In addition to ethylene, jasmonates (JAs) have also been demonstrated to play an important role in the regulation of fruit ripening. However, the mechanisms underlying the interaction between these two pathways during fruit ripening are unknown. In recent years, research has been conducted to illustrate the effects of JAs on the ethylene biosynthesis and signaling pathway, but little is known regarding the effects of ethylene on JA biosynthesis and the signaling pathway during fruit ripening. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the effects of ethylene on JA biosynthesis in ripening apple (Malus ×domestica) fruit and on the expression of key genes involved in the JA biosynthesis and the signaling pathway. For this purpose, we treated apple fruit with ethephon and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) at commercial maturity. Our data indicated that endogenous JA content and allene oxide synthase (AOS) activity were reduced by ethephon treatment at the early ripening stage, whereas they were enhanced by 1-MCP treatment at the late ripening stage. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis revealed that the expression profiles of three AOS genes (MdAOS2, MdAOS3, and MdAOS5) and two lipoxygenase (LOX) genes (MdLOX22 and MdLOX28) showed similar trends with the change of AOS activity in all groups during fruit ripening. The expression of MdLOX21 and MdLOX23 was in accordance with the change of ethylene production on ripening, and it was positively regulated by ethylene, whereas the opposite effect was observed for MdLOX39 expression. The transcription of MdLOX310 and MdLOX61 appeared unaffected by ethylene during fruit ripening. Three jasmonate ZIM-domain (JAZ) genes (MdJAZ9, MdJAZ10, and MdJAZ18) were differentially upregulated by ethephon treatment whereas being downregulated by 1-MCP treatment during fruit ripening. Expression of MdJAZ13 and MdJAZ14 was downregulated at the early ripening stage by both treatments. Our results suggested regulating roles of ethylene on the JA biosynthesis and signaling pathway during fruit ripening and senescence.

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Sucrose Promotes Strawberry Fruit Ripening and Affects Ripening-Related Processes

International Journal of Genomics ◽

10.1155/2019/9203057 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ya Luo ◽

Yuanxiu Lin ◽

Fan Mo ◽

Cong Ge ◽

Leiyu Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fruit Ripening ◽

Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Strawberry Fruit ◽

Signal Molecule ◽

Total Polyphenol ◽

Application Timing ◽

Expression Of Genes ◽

Nonclimacteric Fruit ◽

Strawberry Fruit Ripening

Strawberry is a typical nonclimacteric fruit, whose ripening mechanism needs to be further investigated. Sucrose has been recently proved as a signal molecule, participating in strawberry fruit ripening and related processes. While in the effects of sucrose application timing and concentration on ripening, fruit qualities remain unclear, as well as the transcriptome-wide details about the effects of sucrose on the gene expression involved in ripening-related processes. In this study, strawberry fruits at the degreening (DG), white (W), and initial-red (IR) stages were treated with different concentration of sucrose. The results showed that anthocyanin was increased while total polyphenol concentration (TPC) and total flavonoid concentration (TFC) were decreased during fruit development after sucrose treatment. Interestingly, It was showed that 100 mM sucrose application at the DG stage had the most obvious effects on fruit ripening; it made all the fruits turn into full-red (FR) around 4 days (d) earlier than the control, while it did not affect fruit quality traits and most bioactive compounds in the FR fruits. Subsequently, RNA sequencing (RNAseq) of the fruits collected at 8 days after 100 mM sucrose treatment was carried out. It was suggested that 993 genes were differentially expressed comparing with the control. Transcriptome-based expression analysis revealed that sucrose induced the expression of genes involved in the AsA and anthocyanin biosynthesis, while largely suppressed the expression of genes in TCA. The results obtained in this study provided more expression profiles of ripening-related genes under the treatment of sucrose, which will contribute to a better understanding for the mechanism underlying sucrose-induced fruit ripening.

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Gene Expression Analysis and Metabolite Profiling of Silymarin Biosynthesis during Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) Fruit Ripening

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21134730 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (13) ◽

pp. 4730 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Samantha Drouet ◽

Duangjai Tungmunnithum ◽

Éric Lainé ◽

Christophe Hano

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Fruit Ripening ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Milk Thistle ◽

Fruit Maturation ◽

Silybum Marianum ◽

Biosynthetic Genes ◽

Kinetics Of

Mature fruits (i.e., achenes) of milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn., Asteraceae) accumulate high amounts of silymarin (SILM), a complex mixture of bioactive flavonolignans deriving from taxifolin. Their biological activities in relation with human health promotion and disease prevention are well described. However, the conditions of their biosynthesis in planta are still obscure. To fill this gap, fruit development stages were first precisely defined to study the accumulation kinetics of SILM constituents during fruit ripening. The accumulation profiles of the SILM components during fruit maturation were determined using the LC-MS analysis of these defined developmental phases. The kinetics of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS) and peroxidase (POX) activities suggest in situ biosynthesis of SILM from l-Phenylalanine during fruit maturation rather than a transport of precursors to the achene. In particular, in contrast to laccase activity, POX activity was associated with the accumulation of silymarin, thus indicating a possible preferential involvement of peroxidase(s) in the oxidative coupling step leading to flavonolignans. Reference genes have been identified, selected and validated to allow accurate gene expression profiling of candidate biosynthetic genes (PAL, CAD, CHS, F3H, F3’H and POX) related to SILM accumulation. Gene expression profiles were correlated with SILM accumulation kinetic and preferential location in pericarp during S. marianum fruit maturation, reaching maximum biosynthesis when desiccation occurs, thus reinforcing the hypothesis of an in situ biosynthesis. This observation led us to consider the involvement of abscisic acid (ABA), a key phytohormone in the control of fruit ripening process. ABA accumulation timing and location during milk thistle fruit ripening appeared in line with a potential regulation of the SLIM accumulation. A possible transcriptional regulation of SILM biosynthesis by ABA was supported by the presence of ABA-responsive cis-acting elements in the promoter regions of the SILM biosynthetic genes studied. These results pave the way for a better understanding of the biosynthetic regulation of SILM during the maturation of S. marianum fruit and offer important insights to better control the production of these medicinally important compounds.

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