scholarly journals Asymmetric Effect and Stop-and-go Waves on Single-file Pedestrian Dynamics

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 1060-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Kuang ◽  
Yanhong Fan ◽  
Xingli Li ◽  
Lingjiang Kong
Keyword(s):  
Asymmetric Effect ◽  
Pedestrian Dynamics ◽  
Single File ◽  
Stop And Go

scholarly journals Noise-Induced Stop-and-Go Dynamics in Pedestrian Single-file Motion

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Schadschneider ◽  
Antoine Tordeux
Keyword(s):  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Vehicular Traffic ◽  
Order Model ◽  
Stochastic Effects ◽  
Pedestrian Dynamics ◽  
First Order ◽  
Single File ◽  
Stop And Go ◽  
Plausible Values

Stop-and-go waves are a common feature of vehicular traffic and have also been observed in pedestrian flows. Usually the occurrence of this self-organization phenomenon is related to an inertia mechanism. It requires fine-tuning of the parameters and is described by instability and phase transitions. Here, we present a novel explanation for stop-and-go waves in pedestrian dynamics based on stochastic effects. By introducing coloured noise in a stable microscopic inertia-free (i.e. first order) model, pedestrian stop-and-go behaviour can be described realistically without requirement of instability and phase transition. We compare simulation results to empirical pedestrian trajectories and discuss plausible values for the model’s parameters.

scholarly journals A Force-Based Model to Reproduce Stop-and-Go Waves in Pedestrian Dynamics

2016 ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohcine Chraibi ◽  
Antoine Tordeux ◽  
Andreas Schadschneider
Keyword(s):  
Pedestrian Dynamics ◽  
Stop And Go

scholarly journals Concept of a Decision-Based Pedestrian Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Von Krüchten ◽  
Andreas Schadschneider
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cellular Automaton ◽  
Basic Concept ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Pedestrian Dynamics ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Single File ◽  
Model Yield

We develop a decision-based model for pedestrian dynamics which is an extension of the Stochastic Headway Distance Velocity (SHDV) model for single-file motion to two dimensions. The model is discrete in time, but continuous in space. It combines perception, anticipation and decision-making with the simplicity and stochasticity that are characteristic for cellular automaton models. The basic concept is discussed and preliminary results show that the model yield realistic trajectories and fundamental diagrams.

scholarly journals Comparison of Pedestrian Data of Single File Movement Collected from Controlled Pedestrian Experiment and from Field in Mass Religious Gathering

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddhartha Gulhare ◽  
Ashish Verma ◽  
Partha Chakroborty
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Single Line ◽  
Crowd Behavior ◽  
Experiment Data ◽  
Pedestrian Dynamics ◽  
Crowd Management ◽  
Single File

Managing and controlling crowd during mass religious gathering is a challenge for organizers. With good computational capabilities, it is possible to create tools to simulate crowd in real time to aid crowd management. These tools need to be first calibrated and validated with pedestrian empirical data. The empirical data collection from field is difficult and therefore, data collection through controlled pedestrian experiments have become a convenient substitute. However, the ability of experiment data to reproduce actual crowd behavior needs to be examined. This study compared the experiment data with field data collected from mass religious gathering named Kumbh Mela held in India, 2016. The single file movement (pedestrians moving along a single line; SFM) experiment was conducted and its results were compared with the field SFM results. The speed in the field was found to be generally higher than in the experiment for a given density. The results clearly indicate that the pedestrians in the field are motivated to achieve a purpose but participants in the experiments lack the motivation. The pedestrian dynamics of the experiment was found to be different from the field. Hence, the results of pedestrian experiments should not be extrapolated to understand panic, crowd risk situations.

scholarly journals Pedestrian dynamics in single-file movement of crowd with different age compositions

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuchao Cao ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Daniel Salden ◽  
Jian Ma ◽  
Chang'an Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pedestrian Dynamics ◽  
Single File

Asymmetric effect on single-file dense pedestrian flow

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (06) ◽  
pp. 1550064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Kuang ◽  
Mei-Jing Cai ◽  
Xing-Li Li ◽  
Tao Song
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Model ◽  
Mkdv Equation ◽  
Reductive Perturbation Method ◽  
Linear Stability Theory ◽  
Asymmetric Effect ◽  
Pedestrian Flow ◽  
Optimal Velocity ◽  
Single File ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Space Time Evolution

In this paper, an extended optimal velocity model is proposed to simulate single-file dense pedestrian flow by considering asymmetric interaction (i.e. attractive force and repulsive force), which depends on the different distances between pedestrians. The stability condition of this model is obtained by using the linear stability theory. The phase diagram comparison and analysis show that asymmetric effect plays an important role in strengthening the stabilization of system. The modified Korteweg–de Vries (mKdV) equation near the critical point is derived by applying the reductive perturbation method. The pedestrian jam could be described by the kink–antikink soliton solution for the mKdV equation. From the simulation of space-time evolution of the pedestrians distance, it can be found that the asymmetric interaction is more efficient compared to the symmetric interaction in suppressing the pedestrian jam. Furthermore, the simulation results are consistent with the theoretical analysis as well as reproduce experimental phenomena better.

How to Get a Model in Pedestrian Dynamics to Produce Stop and Go Waves

2016 ◽  
pp. 161-168
Author(s):  
Felix Dietrich ◽  
Stefan Disselnkötter ◽  
Gerta Köster
Keyword(s):  
Pedestrian Dynamics ◽  
Stop And Go

scholarly journals The Inflection Point of the Speed-Density Relation and the Social Force Model

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Kretz ◽  
Jochen Lohmiller ◽  
Johannes Schlaich
Keyword(s):  
Inflection Point ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Social Force ◽  
Social Force Model ◽  
Single File ◽  
Stop And Go ◽  
The Social ◽  
Density Relation ◽  
Continuous Description

It has been argued that the speed-density diagram of pedestrian movement has an inflection point. This inflection point was found empirically in investigations of closed-loop single-file pedestrian movement.The reduced complexity of single-file movement does not only allow a higher precision for the evaluation of empirical data, but it also significantly simplifies analytical considerations. This is especially true if one assumes homogeneous conditions, i.e. neglects temporal variations (consider time averages, neglect stop-and-go waves), individual differences of pedestrians (all simulated pedestrians have identical parameters) and investigates only steady-state (not the initial phase). As will be shown in this contribution one then can make a transition from the microscopic to a continuous and macroscopic perspective.Building on that it will be shown that certain (common) variants of the Social Force Model (SFM) do not produce an inflection point in the speed-density diagram if – assuming periodic boundary conditions – infinitely many pedestrians contribute to the force computed for one pedestrian. It will furthermore be shown that if – in said 1d movement situation – one only considers nearest neighbors for the computation of the inter-pedestrian forces the Social Force Model in the continuous description results in the so called Kladek formula for the speed-density relation. Since the Kladek formula exhibits the desired inflection point this observation is used as a motivation for an extension of the Social Force Model which allows to transform the continuous description of the SFM continuously to the Kladek formula and which also exhibits the inflection point in the speed density relation. It will be shown then, that this extended SFM yields astonishingly similar speed density relations as the original SFM when only a fixed limited number of (nearest) pedestrians are considered in the computation of the inter-pedestrian force.Finally it will be discussed, if also the description of the speed-density diagram for (motorized, four-wheel) vehicular and/or bicycle traffic could benefit from these measures.

scholarly journals Experimental Study of Collective Pedestrian Dynamics

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. A109
Author(s):  
Cécile Appert-Rolland ◽  
Julien Pettré ◽  
Anne-Hélène Olivier ◽  
William Warren ◽  
Aymeric Duigou-Majumdar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Minimal Distance ◽  
Pedestrian Dynamics ◽  
Single File ◽  
Experimental Implementation ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Dense Crowd

We report on two series of experiments, conducted in the frame of two different collaborations designed to study how pedestrians adapt their trajectories and velocities in groups or crowds. Strong emphasis is put on the motivations for the chosen protocols and the experimental implementation. The first series deals with pattern formation, interactions between pedestrians, and decision-making in pedestrian groups at low to medium densities. In particular, we show how pedestrians adapt their headways in single-file motion depending on the (prescribed) leader’s velocity. The second series of experiments focuses on static crowds at higher densities, a situation that can be critical in real life and in which the pedestrians’ choices of motion are strongly constrained sterically. More precisely, we study the crowd’s response to its crossing by a pedestrian or a cylindrical obstacle of 74cm in diameter. In the latter case, for a moderately dense crowd, we observe displacements that quickly decay with the minimal distance to the obstacle, over a lengthscale of the order of the meter.

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