scholarly journals Concept of a Decision-Based Pedestrian Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Von Krüchten ◽  
Andreas Schadschneider
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cellular Automaton ◽  
Basic Concept ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Pedestrian Dynamics ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Single File ◽  
Model Yield

We develop a decision-based model for pedestrian dynamics which is an extension of the Stochastic Headway Distance Velocity (SHDV) model for single-file motion to two dimensions. The model is discrete in time, but continuous in space. It combines perception, anticipation and decision-making with the simplicity and stochasticity that are characteristic for cellular automaton models. The basic concept is discussed and preliminary results show that the model yield realistic trajectories and fundamental diagrams.

scholarly journals Experimental Study of Collective Pedestrian Dynamics

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. A109
Author(s):  
Cécile Appert-Rolland ◽  
Julien Pettré ◽  
Anne-Hélène Olivier ◽  
William Warren ◽  
Aymeric Duigou-Majumdar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Minimal Distance ◽  
Pedestrian Dynamics ◽  
Single File ◽  
Experimental Implementation ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Dense Crowd

We report on two series of experiments, conducted in the frame of two different collaborations designed to study how pedestrians adapt their trajectories and velocities in groups or crowds. Strong emphasis is put on the motivations for the chosen protocols and the experimental implementation. The first series deals with pattern formation, interactions between pedestrians, and decision-making in pedestrian groups at low to medium densities. In particular, we show how pedestrians adapt their headways in single-file motion depending on the (prescribed) leader’s velocity. The second series of experiments focuses on static crowds at higher densities, a situation that can be critical in real life and in which the pedestrians’ choices of motion are strongly constrained sterically. More precisely, we study the crowd’s response to its crossing by a pedestrian or a cylindrical obstacle of 74cm in diameter. In the latter case, for a moderately dense crowd, we observe displacements that quickly decay with the minimal distance to the obstacle, over a lengthscale of the order of the meter.

Simulation study of crowd dynamics in pedestrian evacuation concerning panic contagion: A cellular automaton approach

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guan-ning Wang ◽  
Tao Chen ◽  
Jin-wei Chen ◽  
Kaifeng Deng ◽  
Ru-dong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cellular Automaton ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Pedestrian Dynamics ◽  
Pedestrian Evacuation ◽  
Crowd Density ◽  
Floor Field ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Transmission Status

Abstract The study of the panic evacuation process is of great significance to emergency management. Panic not only causes negative emotions such as irritability and anxiety, but also affects the pedestrians decision-making process, thereby inducing the abnormal crowd behavior. Prompted by the epidemiological SIR model, an extended floor field cellular automaton model was proposed to investigate the pedestrian dynamics under the threat of hazard resulting from the panic contagion. In the model, the conception of panic transmission status (PTS) was put forward to describe pedestrians' behavior who could transmit panic emotions to others. The model also indicated the pedestrian movement was governed by the static and hazard threat floor field. Then rules that panic could influence decision-making process were set up based on the floor field theory. The simulation results show that the stronger the pedestrian panic, the more sensitive pedestrians are to hazards, and the less able to rationally find safe exits. However, when the crowd density is high, the panic contagion has a less impact on the evacuation process of pedestrians. It is also found that when the hazard position is closer to the exit, the panic will propagate for a longer time and have a greater impact on the evacuation. The results also suggest that as the extent of pedestrian's familiarity with the environment increases, pedestrians spend less time to escape from the room and are less sensitive to the hazard. In addition, it is essential to point out that, compared with the impact of panic contagion, the pedestrian's familiarity with environment has a more significant influence on the evacuation.

Entscheidungsprozesse beim Übersetzen: Routine und Reflexion bei Novizen und Berufsübersetzern

Fachsprache ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 100-121
Author(s):  
Friederike Prassl
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Knowledge Integration ◽  
Popular Science ◽  
Failure Rates ◽  
Science Text ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Cognitive Involvement

This article focuses on the decision-making processes involved in research and knowledge integration in translation processes. First, the relevance of decision taking intranslation is discussed. Second, the psychology of decision making as seen by Jungermann et al. (2005) is introduced, who propose a categorization of decision-making processes intofour types: “routinized”, “stereotype”, “reflected” and “constructed”. This classification is then applied to the translations by five professional translators and five novices of five segments occurring in a popular-science text. The analysis reveals that the decision-making types are distributed differently among students and professional translators, which also has to be seen against the background of whether the decisions made were successful or not. The preliminary results of this study show that students resort to reflected decisions in most cases, but with a low success rate. Professionals achieve a higher success rate when making reflected decisions. As expected, they also make more routinized decisions than students. The professionals’ success rates improve with increasing cognitive involvement, while their failure rates are relatively high when making routinized decisions, an aspect worthwhile considering in translation didactics.

scholarly journals Cognitive mapping as an approach to facilitate organ donation among African Americans

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 003685042110294
Author(s):  
Jayme E Locke ◽  
Rhiannon D Reed ◽  
Richard M Shewchuk ◽  
Katherine L Stegner ◽  
Haiyan Qu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Cognitive Mapping ◽  
The United States ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Nominal Group ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Empirical Framework

Making up 13.4% of the United States population, African Americans (AAs) account for 28.7% of candidates who are currently waiting for an organ donation. AAs are disproportionately affected by end-organ disease, particularly kidney disease, therefore, the need for transplantation among this population is high, and the high need is also observed for other solid organ transplantation. To this end, we worked with the AA community to derive an empirical framework of organ donation strategies that may facilitate AA decision-making. We used a cognitive mapping approach involving two distinct phases of primary data collection and a sequence of data analytic procedures to elicit and systematically organize strategies for facilitating organ donation. AA adults ( n = 89) sorted 27 strategies identified from nominal group technique meetings in phase 1 based on their perceived similarities. Sorting data were aggregated and analyzed using Multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analyses. Among 89 AA participants, 68.2% were female, 65.5% obtained > high school education, 69.5% reported annual household income ≤ $50,000. The average age was 47.4 years (SD = 14.5). Derived empirical framework consisted of five distinct clusters: fundamental knowledge, psychosocial support, community awareness, community engagement, and system accountability; and two dimensions: Approach, Donor-related Information. The derived empirical framework reflects an organization scheme that may facilitate AA decision-making about organ donation and suggests that targeted dissemination of donor-related information at both the individual-donor and community levels may be critical for increasing donation rates among AAs.

scholarly journals Decentralization of Education Planning and Its Impact in Quality

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 4-12
Author(s):  
Bhawani Prasad Mainali
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Basic Concept ◽  
Educational Quality ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Education Planning ◽  
The World ◽  
Decentralization Of Education

This article has attempted to present an overview of basic concept, rationale and trends of decentralization in education planning and to identity the major policy issues and challenges relating to educational quality in Nepalese context. Decentralization in education around the world has based on the assumption that the quality of education will improve by shifting a decision making and accountability closer to schools, class rooms and learners.Academic Voices, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2013, Pages 4-12 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/av.v3i1.9979 

Training for Decision Making in Aircraft Inspection

1993 ◽  
Vol 37 (18) ◽  
pp. 1267-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand K. Gramopadhye ◽  
Colin G. Drury ◽  
Joseph Sharit
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Training Interventions ◽  
Training Scheme ◽  
Civil Aircraft ◽  
Inspection And Maintenance ◽  
Inspection Task

Research on civil aircraft inspection and maintenance has shown the potential for employing human factor interventions in improving performance. A series of training experiments was developed to understand the effects of different training interventions in the visual inspection domain. This paper reports on preliminary results obtained in applying a combined active and progressive part training scheme in improving the decision making performance for a visual inspection task. The task was a computer simulated airframe visual inspection task.

Marshmallows and Braking Systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 105-122
Author(s):  
Craig J. Bryan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Social Influence ◽  
Emotional Distress ◽  
Basic Concept ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
The Past ◽  
Internal States ◽  
Decision Making Processes

This chapter argues that suicide can be more usefully understood as a consequence of decision-making processes that are vulnerable to environmental and social influence rather than a consequence of internal states or traits such as mental illness. Mental illness and emotional distress more generally are better understood as one particular context within which the decision to make a suicide attempt or not often presents itself, but this does not mean that mental illness is the only context within which this choice is considered. This also does not mean that mental illness causes suicide. The basic concept involved in the marshmallow experiment—decision-making under different conditions—has received increased attention in the past decade among suicide researchers. Studies reveal that the decision-making process of someone who almost died as a result of a suicide attempt was no different from the decision-making process of someone who had never attempted suicide, was not currently suicidal, and did not have a mental illness. This finding lines up with the idea that there can be multiple pathways to suicide.

Market Forecasts and Personal Adoption of Smart Textiles in Fitness Sector

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manju Sugathan ◽  
Martin Douglas Hendry
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Basic Concept ◽  
Consumer Experience ◽  
Smart Textiles ◽  
Future Design ◽  
User Adoption ◽  
Cultural Experiences ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Insight Into

The basic concept of smart textiles consists of textile structures that can sense and react to different stimuli from their environment. While forecasts indicate how this sector has the potential to grow in the future, a gap remains for smart textiles to become commercially viable. Growth in consumerism and consumption of services and experiences has led to innovative products that satisfy higher order needs including ideas, sensory and emotional fulfilment, cultural experiences and entertainment. The aim of the paper is to understand smart textiles in this context and to identify factors that influence personal ownership in fitness sector. These will help manufacturers and technologists gain insight into consumer experience and contribute to better design, innovation, marketing and services. The research findings identify important features consumers value in their decision making to purchase a smart top in fitness sector. The results contribute to the field of user adoption in smart textiles and conclude with proposals for the direction of future design and technical development.

scholarly journals Flexible Fingers Based on Shape Memory Alloy Actuated Modules

Machines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Maffiodo ◽  
Terenziano Raparelli
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Shape Memory Alloy ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Basic Concept ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Simple Mathematical Model ◽  
Joule Effect ◽  
Antagonistic Action ◽  
Preliminary Results

To meet the needs of present-day robotics, a family of gripping flexible fingers has been designed. Each of them consists of a number of independent and flexible modules that can be assembled in different configurations. Each module consists of a body with a flexible central rod and three longitudinally positioned shape memory alloy (SMA) wires. When heated by the Joule effect, one to two SMA wires shorten, allowing the module to bend. The return to undeformed conditions is achieved in calm air and is guaranteed by the elastic bias force exerted by the central rod. This article presents the basic concept of the module and a simple mathematical model for the design of the device. Experimental tests were carried out on three prototypes with bodies made of different materials. The results of these tests confirm the need to reduce the antagonistic action of the inactive SMA wires and led to the realization of a fourth prototype equipped with an additional SMA wire-driven locking/unlocking device for these wires. The preliminary results of this last prototype are encouraging.

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