scholarly journals The Frost Resistance of Recycled Cold Mixes with Foamed Bitumen and Different Types of Road Binders

2016 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 54-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemysław Buczyński
Keyword(s):  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Foamed Bitumen ◽  
Cold Mixes

The Determination of Frost Resistance on Ultra High Performance Concrete

2014 ◽  
Vol 1025-1026 ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Kostelecká ◽  
Jiří Kolísko
Keyword(s):  
Frost Resistance ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Performance Concrete ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Ultra High Performance Concrete ◽  
Concrete Technology ◽  
Normal Concrete ◽  
Different Types ◽  
High Range

The ultra high performance concrete (UHPC) has very special properties that are expressively different of normal concrete. Due to its high compression strength greater than 150 MPa, tensile strength greater than 20 MPa and improved durability, these represent significant advances in concrete technology. These materials include Portland cement, silica fume, quartz flour, fine silica sand, high-range water-reducer, water and either steel or organic fibres. Depending on the type of fibres used can influence the compressive strength. The article describes the tests of frost resistance on UHPC plates with different types of textiles armatures. The aim of the testing is describe influence of textiles armatures in UHPC matrix in extreme conditions.

scholarly journals Moisture and Frost Resistance of the Recycled Base Rehabilitated with the Foamed Bitumen Technology / Odpornosc Na Oddziaływanie Wody I Mrozu Podbudowy W Technologii Recyklingu Z Asfaltem Spienionym

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Iwanski ◽  
A. Chomicz-Kowalska
Keyword(s):  
Frost Resistance ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Specific Production ◽  
Central European ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
Foamed Bitumen ◽  
Cold Recycling ◽  
Production Conditions

Abstract The technology of recycling with foamed bitumen is a new technology of road rehabilitation. Due to the climatic conditions in the Central European countries, road pavement structure should be moisture and frost resistant. Because of its specific production conditions, this is especially important for pavements rehabilitation with the cold recycling technology. Determining the physical and mechanical properties, as well as moisture and frost resistance, depends on binder and filler contents. They are the key elements before its use for road building. The tests presented here have been performed on mineral recycled base mixes with foamed bitumen. The material from the existing layers was used. The content of bitumen binder amounted to 2.0%, 2.5%, 3.0% and 3.5%, while that of cement to 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%. The results were subject to the optimization process. This allowed to state that with the use of 2.5% foamed bitumen and 2.0% of cement, the base had the required properties, as well as the moisture and frost resistance.

scholarly journals Fruit bearing shoot characteristics of apricot and sweet cherry cultivars in Hungary

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Thurzó ◽  
G. Drén ◽  
M. Dani ◽  
B. Hlevnjak ◽  
V. Hazic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Medium Length ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Fruit Setting ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars

: Our study was carried out on 23 apricot and 9 sweet cherry cultivars in February 2005. Fruiting laterals were classified into four groups (0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-40 cm and >40 cm) and then the density and setting of flower buds were evaluated and expressed as bud/cm. The flower bud density of four types of fruit bearing shoots and the changes in the frost resistance were studied. Shoots were collected from a young orchard in Gone (apricot), Siófok (sweet cherry) and Nagykutas (sweet cherry). There were significant differences among the cultivars in the density of flower buds. The number of flower buds/cm shoot length ranged between 0.91 and 2.20 in the average of the different fruit bearing shoot types on apricot. Based on the results, the bud density of shorter shoots is generally higher on apricot, but this is not valid for all cultivars. For cvs. Magyarkajszi and Ceglédi bíborkajszi, the highest flower bud density was detected on shoots of medium length (10-40 cm). There were fivefold and almost twofold (1.85) differences in bud density among cultivars on shoots shorter than 10 cm length and longer than 40 cm length, respectively. The ratio of the bud densities of the different types of shoots also ranged between wide boundaries. For cvs. Bayoto, Toyesi and Toyiba this ratio was 2.5-3.5, while for cv. Magyarkajszi it was 1.3. In the average of fruit bearing shoots on sweet cherry, cv. Bigarreau Burlat (1.10 bud/cm) and cv. Germersdorfi 45 (0.61 bud/cm) had the largest and the lowest flower bud density, respectively. Among the fruit bearing shoots, the largest flower bud density was in the group of 0-10 cm fruiting laterals. Among cultivars, cv. Bigarreau Burlat had the largest bud density. In the groups of n- i 0 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm and 30-40 cm fruiting laterals, the lowest flower bud density was for cv. Linda, cv. Germersdorfi 45, cv. Ferrovia and cv. Sunburst, respectively. On cvs. Van and Bigarreau Burlat, large numbers of double-set flower buds were observed on the fruit bearing shoots longer than 20 cm. Fruit setting differed on the different types of fruit bearing shoots, with the lowest value measured on above 40 cm shoots. The highest fruit setting was observed on cv. Katalin, while the lowest value was measured on cv. Germersdorfi 3.

scholarly journals Resistance to Moisture-Induced Damage of Half-Warm-Mix Asphalt Concrete with Foamed Bitumen

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 654
Author(s):  
Mateusz M. Iwański ◽  
Anna Chomicz-Kowalska ◽  
Krzysztof Maciejewski
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Hydrated Lime ◽  
Warm Mix Asphalt ◽  
Void Content ◽  
Foamed Bitumen

Hot-mix asphalt (HMA) remains the predominant material for pavement surfacing. Mixing is performed at about 180 °C, depending on the bitumen used. Environmental concerns in terms of emissions and energy demand are fostering new sustainable technologies in road construction. Warm-mix asphalt (WMA) and half-warm-mix asphalt (HWMA) mixtures meet current expectations in that they are produced at lower temperatures, 100–130 °C, ensured by foaming the bitumen with water. The extent of temperature reduction requires that the mixture has adequate moisture and frost resistance, which is particularly important in countries that have a low-temperature climate. Asphalt concrete AC 8 S with 50/70-grade foamed bitumen modified with 0.6 wt.% surface-active agent (SAA) was used in the tests. To provide the AC mixture with the required resistance to climatic factors (water, temperature below 0), hydrated lime was added at 0, 15, 30, and 45 wt.% as limestone filler replacement. The influence of the hydrated lime addition on the air void content and resistance to moisture and frost damage was investigated according to the WT-2 2014 methodology based on EN 12697-12: 2008 and to the modified AASHTO T283 method. The optimum content of hydrated lime for filler replacement was determined through statistical analysis of the test results. With the optimum hydrated lime replacement of 30%, the required level of moisture and frost resistance of HWMA concrete with foamed bitumen is achieved. The results of this study confirmed the suitability of HWMA concrete with foamed bitumen for application in road construction practice.

The Effects of Bituminous Binders on Cold Recycled Mixes Prepared by the Foamed Bitumen Technology

2015 ◽  
Vol 802 ◽  
pp. 315-320
Author(s):  
Jan Suda ◽  
Jan Valentin
Keyword(s):  
Expansion Ratio ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Indirect Tensile ◽  
Bituminous Binders ◽  
Foamed Bitumen ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Water Susceptibility ◽  
Different Sources

The foamed bitumen technology is experiencing a global renaissance and rather extensive development of innovative approaches with respect to both, its application and research, is clearly visible. However, the variability of available bituminous binders for utilization within the technology is quite large; therefore, a general methodology of quality parameters determination for foamed bitumen and the requirements for mixes bound by this type of binder must be specified.In general different types of pen grade bituminous binders can be used for producing the foam. Besides the pen grades which are defined by penetration and also its viscosity, the source of the bitumen can have important effect on final foamed bitumen quality given especially by its expansion ratio and stability of the foam as well. Experimental study has been done to compare different types of bitumen from different sources to assess the effects on the foamed bitumen and on cold recycled mixes produced by these binders. In parallel the effect of a suitable foaming agent has been assessed as well. The foamed bitumen was analyzed by its expansion ration, half time defining the stability of the foam and the so called foam index. Cold recycled mixes were produced with one type of reclaimed asphalt material and different foamed bituminous binders. For the mix assessment mainly indirect tensile strength, water susceptibility and stiffness modulus have been considered. Results and comparison of the evaluated effects are presented in this paper.

Evaluation of Recycled Aggregate (RAP) Presence Impact under Indirect Tensile Strength of Bitumen Stabilized Mix with Foamed Asphalt for a Base Layer

2020 ◽  
Vol 841 ◽  
pp. 108-113
Author(s):  
Marcos Ariel Villanueva Guzmán ◽  
Horacio Delgado Alamilla ◽  
Elia Mercedes Alonso Guzmán ◽  
Wilfrido Martínez Molina ◽  
Hugo Luis Chávez García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Recycled Aggregate ◽  
Base Layer ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Aggregate Fraction ◽  
Foamed Asphalt ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Indirect Tensile ◽  
Foamed Bitumen

Foamed bitumen improves the properties of base layer, increasing the number of equivalent axles allowed, as result of this is a durable pavement. To achieve this, base layer’s design must count with an amount of filler, to increase the stony aggregate fraction. This research consists with two different types of filler, lime and cement, 1% in dosage respect to the stony aggregate weight. Has been discovered now, that the RAP (reclaimed asphalt pavement) aggregate in addition to mitigate environmental problems, has a significant impact value on the mechanic resistance of the mix.

The extinction time of a general birth and death process with catastrophes

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (04) ◽  
pp. 851-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Brockwell
Keyword(s):  
Laplace Transform ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Death Process ◽  
Extinction Time ◽  
Birth And Death Process ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Laplace Transform ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

The Laplace transform of the extinction time is determined for a general birth and death process with arbitrary catastrophe rate and catastrophe size distribution. It is assumed only that the birth rates satisfyλ0= 0,λj> 0 for eachj> 0, and. Necessary and sufficient conditions for certain extinction of the population are derived. The results are applied to the linear birth and death process (λj=jλ, µj=jμ) with catastrophes of several different types.

Differentiating between different forms of moral obligations

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajen A. Anderson ◽  
Benjamin C. Ruisch ◽  
David A. Pizarro
Keyword(s):  
Moral Character ◽  
Moral Obligations ◽  
Different Types

Abstract We argue that Tomasello's account overlooks important psychological distinctions between how humans judge different types of moral obligations, such as prescriptive obligations (i.e., what one should do) and proscriptive obligations (i.e., what one should not do). Specifically, evaluating these different types of obligations rests on different psychological inputs and has distinct downstream consequences for judgments of moral character.

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