scholarly journals Development of Botryococcus Seed Culture System for Future Mass Culture

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 80-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryoji Shimamura ◽  
Sho Watanabe ◽  
Yoshio Sakakura ◽  
Makoto Shiho ◽  
Kunimitsu Kaya ◽  
...  
1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Basha ◽  
R. J. Cole ◽  
S. K. Pancholy

Abstract An in vitro seed culture system was established to grow peanut seed of different maturities viz. white, yellow, orange, brown and black, using a modified Murashige and Skoog medium. Under this system peanut seed of yellow, orange, brown and black maturity categories grew to maturity as measured by increase in their size and germinability. In vitro cultured seeds produced significant amounts of phytoalexins and were contaminated with aflatoxins following their inoculation with Aspergillus spp. while the noninoculated sterile controls did not produce any phytoalexins. Exposure of seed cultures to water stress using various concentrations of mannitol (0 to 1 M) and polyethylene glycol 8000 (0-30% w/v) caused a significant decrease in their phytoalexin producing ability, and enhanced fungal growth compared to the nonstressed controls. The seeds that were stressed with mannitol and subsequently inoculated with A. flavus and A. parasiticus showed a significant increase in the aflatoxin contamination of stressed seed compared to the unstressed control. This would indicate that in vitro grown seeds responded to water stress similar to the field grown peanuts by loosing their ability to produce phytoalexins and increased susceptibility to aflatoxin contamination. Hence, this system has a potential application in evaluating peanut genotypes for aflatoxin resistance under water stress.


Hydrobiologia ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 186-187 (1) ◽  
pp. 401-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren D. Nagata

1997 ◽  
pp. 139-144
Author(s):  
Kenji Yoshimura ◽  
Koji Usuki ◽  
Takao Yoshimatsu ◽  
Chikara Kitajima ◽  
Atsushi Hagiwara

1994 ◽  
Vol 304 (3) ◽  
pp. 731-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Nakamura ◽  
J Izumi ◽  
K Takagaki ◽  
S Shibata ◽  
K Kojima ◽  
...  

Human skin fibroblasts were cultured in the presence of 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-xyloside (Xyl-MU) using a mass-culture system with a microcarrier. The structures of Xyl-MU-induced sugars purified from the dialysable fraction of the incubation medium were investigated. In addition to glycosaminoglycans the elongation of which initiated by Xyl-MU has already been reported, and oligosaccharides similarly initiated by Xyl-MU, such as Gal-Gal-Xyl-MU, Gal-Xyl-MU and SA-Gal-Xyl-MU, a novel Xyl-MU-induced oligosaccharide was detected. This oligosaccharide was identified as GlcA beta 1-4Xyl beta 1-(4-methylumbelliferone) using sugar composition analysis, enzyme digestion, mass spectrometry and Smith degradation. Using this culture system, the amount of the new oligosaccharide produced increased with the incubation time, even after the production of glycosaminoglycan initiated by Xyl-MU and Gal-Xyl-MU had reached a plateau. These results suggest that this oligosaccharide may be involved in terminating the elongation of glycosaminoglycan chains that is initiated by Xyl-MU.


1972 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 406-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
EDWARD E. JONES
Keyword(s):  

Agronomie ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 601-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moez Jebara ◽  
Jean-Jacques Drevon ◽  
Mohamed Elarbi Aouani

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Н. В. Фрадкіна

The purpose and tasks of the work are to analyze the contemporary Ukrainian mass culture in terms of its value and humanistic components, as well as the importance of cultural studies and Ukrainian studies in educational disciplines for the formation of a holistic worldview of modern youth.Analysis of research and publications. Scientists repeatedly turned to the problems of the role of spirituality in the formation of society and its culture. This problem is highlighted in the publications by O. Losev, V. Lytvyn, D. Likhachev, S. Avierintsev, M. Zakovych, I. Stepanenko and E. Kostyshyn.Experts see the main negative impact of mass culture on the quality approach, which determines mass culture through the market, because mass culture, from our point of view, is everything that is sold and used in mass demand.One of the most interesting studies on this issue was the work by the representatives of Frankfurt School M. Horkheimer and T. Adorno «Dialectics of Enlightenment» (1947), devoted to a detailed analysis of mass culture. Propaganda at all socio-cultural levels in the form is similar in both totalitarian and democratic countries. It is connected, according to the authors, with the direction of European enlightenment. The tendency to unify people is a manifestation of the influence of mass culture, from cinema to pop. Mass culture is a phenomenon whose existence is associated with commerce (accumulation in any form – this is the main feature of education), in general, the fact that it exists in this form is related to the direction of the history of civilization.Modern mass culture, with its externally attractive and easily assimilated ideas and symbols, appealing to the trends of modern fashion, becomes a standard of prestigious consumption, does not require intense reflection, allows you to relax, distract, not teach, but entertains, preaches hedonism as the main spiritual value. And as a consequence, there are socio-cultural risks: an active rejection of other people, which leads to the formation of indifference; cruelty as a character trait; increase of violent and mercenary crime; increase in the number of alcohol and drug addicts; anti-patriotism; indifference to the values of the family and as a result of social orphanhood and prostitution.Conclusions, perspectives of research. Thus, we can conclude that modern Ukrainian education is predominantly formed by the values of mass culture. Namely, according to the «Dialectic» by Horkheimer and Adorno, «semi-enlightenment becomes an objective spirit» of our modern society.It is concluded that only high-quality education can create the opposite of the onset of mass culture and the destruction of spirituality in our society. It is proved that only by realizing the importance of cultivating disciplines in the educational process and the spiritual upbringing of the nation, through educational reforms, humanitarian knowledge will gradually return to student audiences.Formation of youth occurs under the influence of social environment, culture, education and self-education. The optimal combination of these factors determines both the process of socialization itself and how successful it will be. In this context, one can see the leading role of education and upbringing. It turns out that the main task of modern education is to spread its influence on the development of spiritual culture of the individual, which eventually becomes a solid foundation for the formation of the individual. Such a subject requires both philosophical and humanitarian approaches in further integrated interdisciplinary research, since the availability of such research will provide the theoretical foundation for truly modern educational and personal development.


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