Awareness of rabies prevention and control measures among public health workers in Northern Vietnam

Performing field investigations is a core function of epidemiology in public health. When a threat to the public’s health occurs, epidemiologists investigate to describe the problem and identify causes, recommend immediate prevention and control measures, and provide a foundation for communicating information quickly to those who need to know to save lives and protect people from future illness. Although diseases and evaluative technologies evolve continually, the approach to conducting an epidemiologic field investigation remains relatively constant. Investigating an outbreak requires both a speedy and accurate response, necessitating a systematic approach that results in action. This chapter describes the basic 10-step approach for conducting an epidemiologic field investigation. Although the steps in this chapter are presented in a numeric and conceptual order, the order sometimes changes in practice. Ultimately, the goal of any epidemiologic field investigation is to use the science of epidemiology to rapidly ensure public health and safety.

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Prevention and control measures of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in low-risk departments: The spine surgery department example

Science Progress ◽

10.1177/00368504211009670 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 104 (2) ◽

pp. 003685042110096

Author(s):

Yongshun Zheng ◽

Xingfang Zhang ◽

Shiyuan Fang ◽

Yeben Qian ◽

Fan Zhang

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Spine Surgery ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Health Workers ◽

Low Risk ◽

Control Measures ◽

Management Approach ◽

Prevention And Control Measures ◽

Surgery Department ◽

And Control

As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spreads globally, hospital departments will need take steps to manage their treatment procedures and wards. The preparations of high-risk departments (infection, respiratory, emergency, and intensive care unit) were relatively well within this pandemic, while low-risk departments may be unprepared. The spine surgery department in The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University in Hefei, China, was used as an example in this study. The spine surgery department took measures to manage the patients, medical staff and wards to avoid the cross-infection within hospital. During the outbreak, no patients or healthcare workers were infected, and no treatment was delayed due to these measures. The prevention and control measures effectively reduced the risk of nosocomial transmission between health workers and patients while providing optimum care. It was a feasible management approach that was applicable to most low-risk and even high-risk departments.

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Knowledge and compliance with Covid-19 infection prevention and control measures among health workers in regional referral hospitals in northern Uganda: a cross-sectional online survey

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.51333.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 136

Author(s):

Sharon Bright Amanya ◽

Richard Nyeko ◽

Bonniface Obura ◽

Joy Acen ◽

Caroline Nabasirye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prevention And Control ◽

Infection Prevention ◽

Health Workers ◽

Control Measures ◽

Infection Prevention And Control ◽

Northern Uganda ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Referral Hospitals ◽

Prevention And Control Measures ◽

And Control

Background: Infection prevention and control (IPC) has increasingly been underscored as a key tool for limiting the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) and safeguarding health workers from infections during their work. Knowledge and compliance with IPC measures is therefore essential in protecting health workers. However, this has not been established among health workers in northern Uganda in light of the Covid-19 pandemic. The objective of this study was to determine the knowledge and compliance with Covid-19 infection prevention and control measures among health workers in regional referral hospitals in northern Uganda. Methods: An online cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 75 health workers in regional referral hospitals within northern Uganda. A structured questionnaire was distributed to health workers via WhatsApp messenger. Sufficient knowledge was considered at a correct response score of ≥80%, while adequate compliance was rated ≥75% of the maximum score. Data were analyzed using SPSS v21. Results: The majority of the health workers had sufficient knowledge (69%) and adequate compliance (68%) with Covid-19 IPC. Adequate compliance was significantly associated with training in Covid-19 IPC (p=0.039), access to Covid-19 IPC at workstations (p=0.036), and having strong institutional support (p=0.031). However, there was no significant relationship between knowledge and compliance with IPC (p=0.07). The socio-demographic characteristics of health workers, including age, sex, education level, occupation, working hours and work experience, had no statistically significant relationship with Covid-19 IPC knowledge or compliance. Conclusion: Our results show fairly good knowledge and compliance with Covid-19 IPC among health workers in northern Uganda. There is need for more training and provision of guidelines to promote compliance with Covid-19 IPC.

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COVID-19 Crisis in Jordan: Response, Scenarios, Strategies, and Recommendations (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.19332 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Raeda Alqutob ◽

Mohannad Al Nsour ◽

Mohammed Rasoul Tarawneh ◽

Musa Ajlouni ◽

Yousef Khader ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health System ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Civil Society Organizations ◽

Control Measures ◽

Disease Spread ◽

Infection Prevention And Control ◽

Health Staff ◽

Prevention And Control Measures ◽

And Control

UNSTRUCTURED As of April 12, 2020, a total of 389 cases of coronavirus disease were confirmed in Jordan. To control this imminent threat, Jordan has enforced public health infection prevention and control measures, called for social distancing, seized all forms of inbound and outbound movement and international travel, and enacted the Defence Law that transferred the authority to the Minister of Defence to work and formulate orders according to the situation. In an effort to support the government in anticipating the requirements of the health system in the upcoming period, an in-depth reflection and examination of different scenarios of the disease spread were developed. This viewpoint suggests different strategies and measures for case detection and contact tracing, clinical management of cases, public health system functioning, and civil society organizations’ contribution. It is necessary to accelerate containment of the disease to protect the economy and to maintain the continuity of some activities to mitigate the subsequent social, economic, and financial impacts. This requires finding a coping mechanism for a period that may be prolonged until laboratories develop a vaccine. Specifically, it is strongly recommended to promote community health awareness toward public health prevention and control measures, increase the efficiency and comprehensiveness of the epidemiological investigation and active and passive surveillance, and employ technology and digital health solutions to track cases and contacts. It is also recommended to increase and expand resources of intensive care units including respirators, increase the capacity and the number of trained health staff in the area of public health and epidemiology, ensure continued provision of essential public health programs, and mobilize the resources of nongovernmental sectors and donors to provide services for refugees and vulnerable populations.

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Knowledge and Compliance with Covid-19 Infection Prevention and Control measures among Health Workers in Regional Referral Hospitals in Northern Uganda: A cross-sectional Online Survey

10.21203/rs.3.rs-63627/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sharon Bright Amanya ◽

Richard Nyeko ◽

Bonniface Obura ◽

Joy Acen ◽

Caroline Nabasirye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prevention And Control ◽

Infection Prevention ◽

Health Workers ◽

Control Measures ◽

Infection Prevention And Control ◽

Northern Uganda ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Referral Hospitals ◽

Prevention And Control Measures ◽

And Control

Abstract Background:Infection prevention and control (IPC) has increasingly been underscored as a key tool for limiting the transmission of Covid-19 and safeguarding health workers from infections during their work. Knowledge and compliance with IPC measures is therefore essential in protecting health workers. However, this has not been established among Ugandan health workers in light of the Covid-19 pandemic.Objective: To determine the knowledge and compliance with Covid-19 infection prevention and control measures among health workers in regional referral hospitals in Northern Uganda.Methods: An online cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 75 health workers in regional referral hospitals within Northern Uganda. A structured questionnaire was distributed to health workers via WhatsApp messenger. Sufficient knowledge was considered at a correct response score of ≥80%, while adequate compliance was rated ≥75 of the maximum score. Data were analyzed using SPSS v21.Results: The majority of the health workers had good knowledge (69%) and compliance (68%) with Covid-19 IPC. Good compliance was significantly associated with training in Covid-19 IPC (p=0.039), access to Covid-19 IPC at work stations (p=0.036), and having sufficient institutional support (p=0.031). However, there was no significant relationship between knowledge and compliance with IPC (p=0.007). The sociodemographic characteristics of health workers, including age, sex, education level, occupation, working hours and work experience, had no statistically significant relationship with Cvid-19 IPC knowledge or compliance.Discussion: Our findings provide support for IPC training and guidelines as well as adequate PPEs to be available to health workers to improve compliance with Covid-19 IPC.

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Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Prevention and Control in Gynecological Outpatient Clinic

Frontiers in Public Health ◽

10.3389/fpubh.2020.618494 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Dongmei Yao ◽

Kun Yan ◽

Jie Duan ◽

Xian Zhang ◽

Limin Zhou

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Infection Control ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Public Health Emergency ◽

Control Measures ◽

Outpatient Clinics ◽

Infection Control Measures ◽

Public Health Challenge ◽

Prevention And Control Measures ◽

And Control

Objective: The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a major public health challenge around the world, and outbreaks of the SARS-CoV-2 have constituted a public health emergency of international concern. Infection control measures are necessary to prevent further spread of the virus and to help control the epidemic situation. Due to the characteristics of gynecological settings, the risk of cross infection between patients and gynecologic practitioners can be high, strict and effective infection control protocols are urgently needed. This article, based on our experience and relevant guidelines and research, introduces prevention and control measures for use in gynecological outpatient clinics and provides recommended management for gynecologists in (potentially) affected areas.

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COVID-19 Crisis in Jordan: Response, Scenarios, Strategies, and Recommendations

JMIR Public Health and Surveillance ◽

10.2196/19332 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. e19332 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Raeda Alqutob ◽

Mohannad Al Nsour ◽

Mohammed Rasoul Tarawneh ◽

Musa Ajlouni ◽

Yousef Khader ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health System ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Civil Society Organizations ◽

Control Measures ◽

Disease Spread ◽

Infection Prevention And Control ◽

Health Staff ◽

Prevention And Control Measures ◽

And Control

As of April 12, 2020, a total of 389 cases of coronavirus disease were confirmed in Jordan. To control this imminent threat, Jordan has enforced public health infection prevention and control measures, called for social distancing, seized all forms of inbound and outbound movement and international travel, and enacted the Defence Law that transferred the authority to the Minister of Defence to work and formulate orders according to the situation. In an effort to support the government in anticipating the requirements of the health system in the upcoming period, an in-depth reflection and examination of different scenarios of the disease spread were developed. This viewpoint suggests different strategies and measures for case detection and contact tracing, clinical management of cases, public health system functioning, and civil society organizations’ contribution. It is necessary to accelerate containment of the disease to protect the economy and to maintain the continuity of some activities to mitigate the subsequent social, economic, and financial impacts. This requires finding a coping mechanism for a period that may be prolonged until laboratories develop a vaccine. Specifically, it is strongly recommended to promote community health awareness toward public health prevention and control measures, increase the efficiency and comprehensiveness of the epidemiological investigation and active and passive surveillance, and employ technology and digital health solutions to track cases and contacts. It is also recommended to increase and expand resources of intensive care units including respirators, increase the capacity and the number of trained health staff in the area of public health and epidemiology, ensure continued provision of essential public health programs, and mobilize the resources of nongovernmental sectors and donors to provide services for refugees and vulnerable populations.

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(P1-83) Infectious Diseases Following Natural Disasters: Prevention and Control Measures

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine ◽

10.1017/s1049023x11004158 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (S1) ◽

pp. s125-s126

Author(s):

I.K. Kouadio ◽

T. Kamigai ◽

O. Hitoshi

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Natural Disasters ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Health Planning ◽

Control Measures ◽

Susceptible Population ◽

Prevention And Control Measures ◽

And Control ◽

The Impact

Communicable diseases represent a public health problem in developing countries, especially in those affected by disasters, and necessitate an appropriate and coordinated response from national and international partners. The importance of rapid epidemiological assessment for public health planning and resources allocation is critical. This review assesses infectious disease outbreaks during and after disasters caused by natural hazards and describes comprehensive prevention and control measures. The natural hazard event that causes a disaster does not transmit infectious diseases in the immediate aftermath of the disaster, nor do dead bodies. During the impact phase, most of the deaths are associated to blunt trauma, crush-related injuries, burns, and drowning rather than from infectious diseases. Most pathogens cannot not continue to survive in a corpse. The remaining survivors are the ones from which infectious diseases can be transmitted under appropriate conditions created by the natural disasters. Among several diseases, diarrheal diseases, leptospirosis, viral hepatitis, typhoid fever, acute respiratory infections, measles, meningitides, tuberculosis, malaria, dengue fever, and West Nile Virus commonly were described days, weeks, or months after the disaster event in areas where they are endemic. Therefore, diseases can also be imported by healthy carriers among a susceptible population. The objective of the public health intervention is to prevent and control epidemics among the disaster-affected populations. The rapid implementation of control measures should be a public health priority especially in the absence of pre-disaster surveillance data, through the re-establishment and improvement of the delivery of primary health care and restoration of affected health services. Adequate shelter and sanitation, water and food safety, appropriate surveillance, immunization and management approaches, as well health education will be strongly required for the reduction of morbidity and mortality.

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Comparison and regulation of epidemic prevention and control measures in public health emergencies

The Frontier of Social Governance Law ◽

10.35534/fsgl.01020010 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 89-94

Author(s):

Jiang Wei

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Control Measures ◽

Public Health Emergencies ◽

Prevention And Control Measures ◽

And Control

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Knowledge and compliance with Covid-19 infection prevention and control measures among health workers in regional referral hospitals in northern Uganda: a cross-sectional online survey

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.51333.2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 136

Author(s):

Sharon Bright Amanya ◽

Richard Nyeko ◽

Bonniface Obura ◽

Joy Acen ◽

Caroline Nabasirye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prevention And Control ◽

Infection Prevention ◽

Health Workers ◽

Control Measures ◽

Infection Prevention And Control ◽

Northern Uganda ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Referral Hospitals ◽

Prevention And Control Measures ◽

And Control

Background: Infection prevention and control (IPC) has increasingly been underscored as a key tool for limiting the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) and safeguarding health workers from infections during their work. Knowledge and compliance with IPC measures is therefore essential in protecting health workers. However, this has not been established among health workers in northern Uganda in light of the Covid-19 pandemic. The objective of this study was to determine the knowledge and compliance with Covid-19 infection prevention and control measures among health workers in regional referral hospitals in northern Uganda. Methods: An online cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among health workers in regional referral hospitals within northern Uganda. A structured questionnaire was distributed to health workers via WhatsApp messenger. Sufficient knowledge was considered at a correct response score of ≥80%, while adequate compliance was rated ≥75% of the maximum score. Data were analyzed using SPSS v21. Results: Of the 213 health workers approached, 75 (35%) participated in the study. The majority were males, 39(52%) and the mean age was 36.92 years. Of the 75 participants, 52(69%) had sufficient knowledge of Covid-19 IPC while 51(68%) had adequate compliance with Covid-19 IPC. Adequate compliance was significantly associated with training in Covid-19 IPC (OR, 2.86; 95% CI, (1.04-7.88); p=0.039), access to Covid-19 IPC materials at workstations (OR, 2.90; 95% CI, (1.06 - 8.09); p=0.036), and having strong institutional support (OR, 3.08; 95% CI, (1.08 – 8.74); p=0.031). However, there was no significant relationship between knowledge and compliance with IPC (p=0.07). The socio-demographic characteristics of health workershad no statistically significant relationship with Covid-19 IPC knowledge or compliance. Conclusion: Our results show fairly good knowledge and compliance with Covid-19 IPC among health workers in northern Uganda. There is need for more training and provision of guidelines to promote compliance with Covid-19 IPC.

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