Influence of injection timing on the exhaust emissions of a dual-fuel CI engine

Abstract This paper investigated the effect of different substitution ratios of neat ethanol (E100) and ethanol–gasoline blend E85 on in-cylinder combustion, engine efficiency, and exhaust emissions, in a dual-fuel diesel engine, using the ethanol–diesel blend (DE95). Experimental studies realized at 1400 rpm, 1600 rpm, and 1800 rpm engine speeds under constant engine load of 50% (20 Nm). For each engine speed, the injection timing of diesel and E95 fuels at 24 °CA bTDC kept constant while low-reactivity fuels (i.e., E100 and E85) substitution ratio changed in the range of 59–83%. The results showed that premixed fuels in different SRs have an impact on shaping engine emissions, ignition delay (ID), in-cylinder pressure, and heat-release rate. Also, at the dual-fuel experimental studies in all engine speeds, NOx about 47–67% decrease compared to single fuel conditions of reference diesel and DE95, and smoke opacity remained unchanged around 0.1 FSN, whereas HC and CO increased in the range of 20–50%. However, E85/DE95 and E100/DE95 dual-fuel combustion achieved lower brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and combustion efficiency compared to single diesel fuel combustion. On the other hand, in dual-fuel combustion conditions, despite the low combustion efficiency, premixed E85 fuel offered higher engine efficiency and lower exhaust emissions than E100.

Download Full-text

Technical Note: Exhaust emissions from an indirect injection dual-fuel engine

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part D Journal of Automobile Engineering ◽

10.1243/0954407001527457 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 214 (3) ◽

pp. 333-340 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

G. H. Abd Alla ◽

O. A. Badr ◽

H. A. Soliman ◽

Abd M. F. Rabbo

Keyword(s):

United Arab Emirates ◽

Exhaust Emissions ◽

Technical Note ◽

Gaseous Fuel ◽

Intake Manifold ◽

Design Parameters ◽

Experimental Investigations ◽

Dual Fuel ◽

Injection Timing ◽

Pilot Fuel

Diesel engines operating on gaseous fuels are commonly known as dual-fuel engines. In the present work, a single-cylinder, compression ignition, indirect injection research (Ricardo E6) engine has been installed at United Arab Emirates University for investigation of the exhaust emisssions when the engine is operating as a dual-fuel engine. The influence of changes in major operating and design parameters, such as the concentration of gaseous fuel in the cylinder charge, pilot fuel quantity, injection timing and intake temperature, on the production of exhaust emissions was investigated. Diesel fuel was used as the pilot fuel, while methane or propane was used as the main fuel which was inducted in the intake manifold and mixed with the intake air. The experimental investigations showed that the poor emissions at light loads can be improved significantly by increasing the concentration of gaseous fuel (total equivalence ratio), employing a large pilot fuel quantity, advancing the injection timing of the pilot fuel and increasing the intake temperature. It is demonstrated that, in general, any measure that tends to increase the size of the combustion regions within the overly lean cylinder charge will reduce markedly the concentrations of unburned hydro- carbons and carbon monoxide in the exhaust gases.

Download Full-text

Comparison in the effects of alumina, ceria and silica nanoparticle additives on the combustion and emission characteristics of a modern methanol-diesel dual-fuel CI engine

Energy Conversion and Management ◽

10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114121 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 238 ◽

pp. 114121

Author(s):

Jiangjun Wei ◽

Chengjun He ◽

Chenyang Fan ◽

Suozhu Pan ◽

Mingliang Wei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Silica Nanoparticle ◽

Dual Fuel ◽

Emission Characteristics ◽

Ci Engine ◽

Nanoparticle Additives

Download Full-text

A Numerical Study on the Combustion Process and Emission Characteristics of a Natural Gas-Diesel Dual-Fuel Marine Engine at Full Load

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14051342 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 1342

Author(s):

Van Chien Pham ◽

Jae-Hyuk Choi ◽

Beom-Seok Rho ◽

Jun-Soo Kim ◽

Kyunam Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Gas ◽

Combustion Process ◽

Simulation Software ◽

Dual Fuel ◽

Injection Timing ◽

Emission Characteristics ◽

Cylinder Pressure ◽

Marine Engine ◽

Full Load ◽

Simulation Results

This paper presents research on the combustion and emission characteristics of a four-stroke Natural gas–Diesel dual-fuel marine engine at full load. The AVL FIRE R2018a (AVL List GmbH, Graz, Austria) simulation software was used to conduct three-dimensional simulations of the combustion process and emission formations inside the engine cylinder in both diesel and dual-fuel mode to analyze the in-cylinder pressure, temperature, and emission characteristics. The simulation results were then compared and showed a good agreement with the measured values reported in the engine’s shop test technical data. The simulation results showed reductions in the in-cylinder pressure and temperature peaks by 1.7% and 6.75%, while NO, soot, CO, and CO2 emissions were reduced up to 96%, 96%, 86%, and 15.9%, respectively, in the dual-fuel mode in comparison with the diesel mode. The results also show better and more uniform combustion at the late stage of the combustions inside the cylinder when operating the engine in the dual-fuel mode. Analyzing the emission characteristics and the engine performance when the injection timing varies shows that, operating the engine in the dual-fuel mode with an injection timing of 12 crank angle degrees before the top dead center is the best solution to reduce emissions while keeping the optimal engine power.

Download Full-text

Investigation on Physicochemical Properties of Wastewater Grown Microalgae Methyl Ester and its Effects on CI Engine

Environmental and Climate Technologies ◽

10.2478/rtuect-2020-0005 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 72-87 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sara Tayari ◽

Reza Abedi ◽

Ali Abedi

Keyword(s):

Methyl Ester ◽

Engine Performance ◽

Exhaust Emissions ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Emissions Reduction ◽

Test Results ◽

Main Fatty Acid ◽

Ci Engine ◽

Hc Emissions ◽

A Minor

AbstractMicroalgae have been mentioned as a promising feedstock for biodiesel production. In this study, microalgae Chlorella vulgaris (MCV) was cultivated in a bioreactor with wastewater. After biodiesel production from MCV oil via transesterification reaction, chemical and physical properties of MCV methyl ester were evaluated with regular diesel and ASTM standard. Besides, engine performance and exhaust emissions of CI engine fuelled with the blends of diesel-biodiesel were measured. The GC-MS analysis showed that oleic and linoleic acids were the main fatty acid compounds in the MCV methyl ester. Engine test results revealed that the use of biodiesel had led to a major decrease in CO and HC emissions and a modest reduction in CO2 emissions, whereas there was a minor increase in NOx emissions. Furthermore, there was a slight decrease in the engine power and torque while a modest increase in brake specific fuel consumption which are acceptable due to exhaust emissions reduction. The experimental results illustrate considerable capabilities of applied MVC biodiesel as an alternative fuel in diesel engines to diminish the emissions.

Download Full-text