Relationship between mineralogical phase and bound heavy metals in copper smelting slags

The metallurgical industry is one of the major pollution sources of natural ecosystems. Now the slag dumps of non-ferrous industries occupy huge areas all over the world. The purpose of this literature review was to assess the knowledge degree of the soils and vegetation formed on the non-ferrous metallurgy slag dumps. Most of the research was carried out for the dumps of the copper-smelting (including old dumps) and lead-zinc industries, the dumps of the nickel and aluminum industries have been studied to a lesser extent. The composition of non-ferrous metallurgy slags, the issues of soil pollution with heavy metals, their bioavailability were discussed. The influence of heavy pollution on the biodiversity of pioneer plant communities on the slag dumps of non-ferrous metallurgy and the floristic composition for abandoned copper ore deposits are noted. The experience of Russian scientists in the reclamation of an aluminum sludge dump and Chinese scientists in the reclamation of zinc production slag dumps are considered. The possibility of introducing waste from the copper smelting slag recycling waste into natural ecosystems was discussed. The analysis of literature revealed gaps in knowledge about the gradual formation of the soil and vegetation on man-made landscapes, about the plant biodiversity in conditions of heavy pollution, ways of their adaptation, and the heavy metals accumulation by different plant species.

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CARDIOVASCULAR TOXICITY IN COPPER PRODUCTION WORKERS EXPOSED TO HEAVY METALS

Hygiene and Sanitation ◽

10.33029/0016-9900-2020-99-1-37-44 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 99 (1) ◽

pp. 37-44

Author(s):

L. N. Budkar ◽

V. B. Gurvich ◽

Elena A. Karpova ◽

K. S. Kudrina ◽

T. Yu. Obukhova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Heavy Metals ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Aminolevulinic Acid ◽

Ferrous Metal ◽

Copper Production ◽

Copper Smelting ◽

Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽

Exposure Limits ◽

Lead And Cadmium

Introduction. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The role of occupational hazards in the CVD prevalence remains to be clarified. Material and methods. Here we report the results of the study of risk factors and CVD prevalence in 590 workers at the largest copper production plants in the Sverdlovsk region, exposed to heavy metals in the workplace. The workers` health information was obtained during a regular medical examination in 2018. The lead concentration increase to 1.3-1.8 occupational exposure limits was registered in the working areas of the concentrating mill (for bunkerman) and copper smelting workshops (transporter, smelter, converter, non-ferrous metal spreader, repairman, electrician). Results. We studied the exposure indices (Pb level in blood), the response markers (reticulocyte count, erythrocytes basophilic stippling, coproporphyrin, and aminolevulinic acid in the urine), and their correlation to a working tenure. Based on this analysis, we attributed CVD risk factors and cardiovascular diseases to the occupation, in order to potentially modify some of those risk factors and ultimately inform the risk management. Hypertension occurred in 57% of the examined workers, which is higher than in the general population. We calculated relative risk, confidence intervals and attributable fraction. We developed a predictive mathematical model (stepwise logistic regression) to predict high-stage hypertension and identified the risk factors associated with its development. Conclusions. Correlation analysis revealed direct correlations between stages 2 and 3 hypertension and a working tenure over 20 years. We think it’s reasonable to consider the documented CVDs as related to the toxic effects of heavy metals (lead and cadmium).

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Emission characteristics of heavy metals from a typical copper smelting plant

Journal of Hazardous Materials ◽

10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127311 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 424 ◽

pp. 127311

Author(s):

Jiawei Zhang ◽

Xiaohui Sun ◽

Jianguo Deng ◽

Guoliang Li ◽

Zhijian Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Copper Smelting ◽

Emission Characteristics ◽

Smelting Plant ◽

Copper Smelting Plant

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Zone of Technogenic Pollution of the Pervouralsk-Revda Industrial Hub: Soil Assessment and Land Use Issues

Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism ◽

10.14505//jemt.v11.5(45).03 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1054

Author(s):

Alexey S. GUSEV ◽

Yuri L. BAYKIN ◽

Nadezhda V. VASHUKEVICH ◽

Alexey A. BELICHEV

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Land Use ◽

Critical Concentration ◽

Pollution Index ◽

Maximum Level ◽

Copper Smelting ◽

Industrial Emissions ◽

Arable Soils ◽

Index Value ◽

Soil Buffering

The influence of heavy metals pollution of soils and lands in the zone of metallurgical plants influence in the Sverdlovsk region (Russia) was analyzed. Sredneuralsk Copper Smelting Plant (SUMZ) is an environmental polluter with copper, lead, zinc, cadmium and sulfur oxides, nitrogen and hydrogen fluoride. Pervouralsk plant for production of chromium-containing materials ("Crompick") generates emissions of chromium compounds and other heavy metals. Environmental risk was assessed using the Zc pollution index adopted by the Russian regulations and the soil buffering index to heavy metals. The data on the reaction of different organization-levelled bioindicators in the system “polluted soil-biota” is given. The materials obtained during assessment of the arable soils contamination in the zone of Pervouralsk-Revda industrial hub showed that the levels of concentration of heavy metals in soils to a large extent correlated with both the composition of industrial emissions and the range of sampling from pollution sources. The maximum level of contamination (Zc index 263-546) was detected in arable soils at a distance of 1.5 km from the SUMZ. The "Crompick" enterprise has a less significant identified impact on the contamination of arable soils. “Extremely dangerous” soil contaminations (index Zc 134) were detected only at a distance of 0.5 km from it. The results of our model experiments allowed us to conclude that the safest level of pollution, when the critical concentration of heavy metals does not accumulate in plants, is the Zc index value below 12. In accordance with the current level of pollution in the survey area, restrictions on the main land use categories were proposed.

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Heavy metals removal from copper smelting effluent using electrochemical filter press cells

Chemical Engineering Journal ◽

10.1016/j.cej.2011.04.031 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 171 (2) ◽

pp. 563-571 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

C. Ahmed Basha ◽

M. Somasundaram ◽

T. Kannadasan ◽

Chang Woo Lee

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Filter Press ◽

Copper Smelting ◽

Heavy Metals Removal ◽

Metals Removal

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Multi-criteria analysis of soil pollution by heavy metals in the vicinity of the copper smelting plant in Bor (Serbia)

Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society ◽

10.2298/jsc100823054n ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 76 (4) ◽

pp. 625-641 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Djordje Nikolic ◽

Novica Milosevic ◽

Zivan Zivkovic ◽

Ivan Mihajlovic ◽

Renata Kovacevic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Soil Pollution ◽

Copper Smelting ◽

Soil Core ◽

Vital Functions ◽

Metal Contents ◽

Critical Zones ◽

The Town ◽

Smelting Plant

This study highlights the consequences on soil pollution of one hundred years of manufacturing in the Copper Mining and Smelting Complex RTB-Bor (Serbia). Soil sediments were taken via a probe from the surface layer of the soil at twelve different measuring points. The measuring points were all within 20 km of the smelting plant, which included both urban and rural zones. Soil sampling was performed using a soil core sampler in such way that a core of a soil of radius 5 cm and depth of 30 cm was removed. Subsequently, the samples were analyzed for pH and heavy metal concentrations (Cu, Pb, As, Cd, Mn, Ni and Hg) using different spectrometric methods. The obtained results for the heavy metal contents in the samples show high values: 2,540 mg kg-1 Cu; 230 mg kg-1 Pb; 6 mg kg-1 Cd; 530 mg kg-1 Ni; 1,300 mg kg-1 Mn; 260 mg kg-1 As and 0.3 mg kg-1 Hg. In this study, critical zones of polluted soil were identified and ranked according to their metal contents by the multicriteria decision method PROMETHEE/GAIA, which is the preferred multivariate method commonly used in chemometric studies. The ranking results clearly showed that the most polluted zones are at locations holding the vital functions of the town. Therefore, due to the high bioavailability of heavy metals through complex reactions with organic species in the sediments, consequences for human health could drastically emerge if these metals enter the food chain.

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Accumulation of heavy metals by family Lymnaeidae representatives as response to anthropogenic pollution critical levels of South Ural reservoirs

Samara Journal of Science ◽

10.17816/snv201983104 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 31-38

Author(s):

Vladimir Vladislavovich Deryagin ◽

Nazar Nikolayevich Nazarenko ◽

Ekaterina Viktorovna Devyatova

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Soft Tissues ◽

Anthropogenic Pollution ◽

Copper Smelting ◽

Surface Layers ◽

Heavy Metals Accumulation ◽

Water Shell ◽

Metals Accumulation ◽

Ph Level ◽

Pond Snails

The features of heavy metals accumulation by Lymnaea fragilis and L . psilia were researched for the aerate emission polluted area of Karabash copper-smelting manufacturing (Southern Ural). These features are concluded with selective redistribution of heavy metals between soft tissues and the shell of Lymnaea . The heavy metals accumulation takes place by three independent tendencies: water soft tissues, water shell and soft tissues shell. The heavy metals content levels a thousand times exceed the physiological norm in soft tissues while in shell they exceed manifold. In the first place manganese and iron are accumulated while the cobalt, cadmium and molybdenum are finalizing the researched rank of accumulation. It has been ascertained that more biophil manganese are accumulated in mollusk soft tissues more than in other metals, while slightly less biophil iron is accumulated in shell, mainly in surface layers. For soft tissues and shell different ranks of heavy metals accumulation are observed, but these ranks are similar for different habitats, thus qualitative biogeochemical similarity is observed. The heavy metals accumulation in the system water soft tissues shell can help to estimate the extent of the metal environment pollution as well as local biophility of this metal. The adaptive response of pond snails to anthropogenic pollution is that there are more of them in less polluted reservoirs and less in more polluted reservoirs. It has been confirmed, that high heavy metals concentration and low pH level in reservoirs leads to death and absolute absence of these mollusk species.

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Sampling and analysis of the air-water interface with SEM and EDS of microlayers

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100157000 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. 1004-1005

Author(s):

Randall W. Smith ◽

John Dash

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Surface Microlayer ◽

Surface Films ◽

Water Interface ◽

Physical Processes ◽

Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis ◽

Eds Analysis ◽

Air Water Interface ◽

Significant Area ◽

Bulk Chemical

The structure of the air-water interface forms a boundary layer that involves biological ,chemical geological and physical processes in its formation. Freshwater and sea surface microlayers form at the air-water interface and include a diverse assemblage of organic matter, detritus, microorganisms, plankton and heavy metals. The sampling of microlayers and the examination of components is presently a significant area of study because of the input of anthropogenic materials and their accumulation at the air-water interface. The neustonic organisms present in this environment may be sensitive to the toxic components of these inputs. Hardy reports that over 20 different methods have been developed for sampling of microlayers, primarily for bulk chemical analysis. We report here the examination of microlayer films for the documentation of structure and composition.Baier and Gucinski reported the use of Langmuir-Blogett films obtained on germanium prisms for infrared spectroscopic analysis (IR-ATR) of components. The sampling of microlayers has been done by collecting fi1ms on glass plates and teflon drums, We found that microlayers could be collected on 11 mm glass cover slips by pulling a Langmuir-Blogett film from a surface microlayer. Comparative collections were made on methylcel1ulose filter pads. The films could be air-dried or preserved in Lugol's Iodine Several slicks or surface films were sampled in September, 1987 in Chesapeake Bay, Maryland and in August, 1988 in Sequim Bay, Washington, For glass coverslips the films were air-dried, mounted on SEM pegs, ringed with colloidal silver, and sputter coated with Au-Pd, The Langmuir-Blogett film technique maintained the structure of the microlayer intact for examination, SEM observation and EDS analysis were then used to determine organisms and relative concentrations of heavy metals, using a Link AN 10000 EDS system with an ISI SS40 SEM unit. Typical heavy microlayer films are shown in Figure 3.

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