Fatal bovine anaplasmosis in a herd with new genotypes of Anaplasma marginale, Anaplasma ovis and concurrent haemoplasmosis

ABSTRACTHere, we report the draft genome sequences of isolates ofAnaplasma phagocytophilum,Anaplasma marginale, andAnaplasma ovis. The genomes ofA. phagocytophilum(human),A. marginale(cattle), andA. ovis(goat) isolates from the United States were sequenced and characterized. This is the first report of anA. ovisgenome sequence.

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Whole-Genome Sequencing of Mexican Strains of Anaplasma marginale: An Approach to the Causal Agent of Bovine Anaplasmosis

International Journal of Genomics ◽

10.1155/2020/5902029 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Fernando Martínez-Ocampo ◽

Rosa Estela Quiroz-Castañeda ◽

Itzel Amaro-Estrada ◽

Edgar Dantán-González ◽

Jesús Francisco Preciado de la Torre ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gc Content ◽

Genomic Analysis ◽

Anaplasma Marginale ◽

Etiologic Agent ◽

Genomic Information ◽

Genomic Comparison ◽

Bovine Anaplasmosis ◽

Molecular Landscape ◽

Average Size ◽

Mexican Strains

Anaplasma marginale is the main etiologic agent of bovine anaplasmosis, and it is extensively distributed worldwide. We have previously reported the first genome sequence of a Mexican strain of A. marginale (Mex-01-001-01). In this work, we report the genomic analysis of one strain from Hidalgo (MEX-14-010-01), one from Morelos (MEX-17-017-01), and two strains from Veracruz (MEX-30-184-02 and MEX-30-193-01). We found that the genome average size is 1.16-1.17 Mbp with a GC content close to 49.80%. The genomic comparison reveals that most of the A. marginale genomes are highly conserved and the phylogeny showed that Mexican strains cluster with Brazilian strains. The genomic information contained in the four draft genomes of A. marginale from Mexico will contribute to understanding the molecular landscape of this pathogen.

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Draft Genome Sequence of Anaplasma marginale Strain Mex-01-001-01, a Mexican Strain That Causes Bovine Anaplasmosis

Microbiology Resource Announcements ◽

10.1128/mra.01101-18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (16) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rosa Estela Quiroz Castañeda ◽

Itzel Amaro-Estrada ◽

Fernando Martínez-Ocampo ◽

Sergio Rodríguez-Camarillo ◽

Edgar Dantán González ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genome Sequence ◽

Draft Genome ◽

Anaplasma Marginale ◽

Draft Genome Sequence ◽

Hemolytic Disease ◽

Content Type ◽

Bovine Anaplasmosis ◽

Mexican Strains

Bovine anaplasmosis is an arthropod-borne hemolytic disease caused by Anaplasma marginale. While only a few Anaplasma marginale strains have been reported, no Mexican strains have been reported.

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Differential Expression and Sequence Conservation of the Anaplasma marginale msp2 Gene Superfamily Outer Membrane Proteins

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.01843-05 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 74 (6) ◽

pp. 3471-3479 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Susan M. Noh ◽

Kelly A. Brayton ◽

Donald P. Knowles ◽

Joseph T. Agnes ◽

Michael J. Dark ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Membrane Proteins ◽

Outer Membrane ◽

Differential Expression ◽

Outer Membrane Proteins ◽

Anaplasma Marginale ◽

Surface Proteins ◽

Transcriptional Analysis ◽

Mammalian Host ◽

Anaplasma Ovis ◽

Sequence Comparisons

ABSTRACT Bacterial pathogens in the genera Anaplasma and Ehrlichia encode a protein superfamily, pfam01617, which includes the predominant outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of each species, major surface protein 2 (MSP2) and MSP3 of Anaplasma marginale and Anaplasma ovis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum MSP2 (p44), Ehrlichia chaffeensis p28-OMP, Ehrlichia canis p30, and Ehrlichia ruminantium MAP1, and has been shown to be involved in both antigenic variation within the mammalian host and differential expression between the mammalian and arthropod hosts. Recently, complete sequencing of the A. marginale genome has identified an expanded set of genes, designated omp1-14, encoding new members of this superfamily. Transcriptional analysis indicated that, with the exception of the three smallest open reading frames, omp2, omp3, and omp6, these superfamily genes are transcribed in A. marginale-infected erythrocytes, tick midgut and salivary glands, and the IDE8 tick cell line. OMPs 1, 4, 7 to 9, and 11 were confirmed to be expressed as proteins by A. marginale within infected erythrocytes, with expression being either markedly lower (OMPs 1, 4, and 7 to 9) or absent (OMP11) in infected tick cells, which reflected regulation at the transcript level. Although the pfam01617 superfamily includes the antigenically variable MSP2 and MSP3 surface proteins, analysis of the omp1-14 sequences throughout a cycle of acute and persistent infection in the mammalian host and tick transmission reveals a high degree of conservation, an observation supported by sequence comparisons between the St. Maries strain and Florida strain genomes.

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Seroprevalence of Bovine Anaplasmosis in Oklahoma from 1977 to 1991

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation ◽

10.1177/104063879400600211 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 200-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

S. J. Rodgers ◽

R. D. Welsh ◽

M. E. Stebbins

Keyword(s):

Geographic Distribution ◽

Complement Fixation Test ◽

Complement Fixation ◽

Anaplasma Marginale ◽

Fixation Test ◽

Animal Disease ◽

Diagnostic Laboratory ◽

Bovine Anaplasmosis

The prevalence of anaplasmosis in Oklahoma cattle was determined on the basis of the standardized Anaplasma marginale complement fixation test on 20,155 sera submitted to the Oklahoma Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory during a 15-year period. Rates of seropositivity ranged from 4.7% to 17.6% on samples submitted for anaplasmosis testing of adult cows. The geographic distribution of recorded cases of anaplasmosis was 35 Oklahoma counties in 1977 and 48 Oklahoma counties in 1991.

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Infection of Tick Cells and Bovine Erythrocytes with One Genotype of the Intracellular Ehrlichia Anaplasma marginale Excludes Infection with Other Genotypes

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology ◽

10.1128/cdli.9.3.658-668.2002 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 658-668 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

José de la Fuente ◽

Jose C. Garcia-Garcia ◽

Edmour F. Blouin ◽

Jeremiah T. Saliki ◽

Katherine M. Kocan

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Tandem Repeats ◽

Surface Protein ◽

Anaplasma Marginale ◽

The United States ◽

The Other ◽

Tick Cell ◽

Anaplasma Ovis ◽

Major Surface ◽

Bovine Erythrocytes

ABSTRACT Anaplasma marginale, a tick-borne rickettsial pathogen of cattle, is endemic in several areas of the United States. Many geographic isolates of A. marginale that occur in the United States are characterized by the major surface protein 1a, which varies in sequence and molecular weight due to different numbers of tandem repeats of 28 or 29 amino acids. Recent studies (G. H. Palmer, F. R. Rurangirwa, and T. F. McElwain, J. Clin. Microbiol. 39:631-635, 2001) of an A. marginale-infected herd of cattle in an area of endemicity demonstrated that multiple msp1α genotypes were present but that only one genotype was found per individual bovine. These findings suggested that infection of cattle with other genotypes was excluded. The present study was undertaken to confirm the phenomenon of infection exclusion of A. marginale genotypes in infected bovine erythrocytes and cultured tick cells. Two tick-transmissible isolates of A. marginale, one from Virginia and one from Oklahoma, were used for these studies. In two separate trials, cattle inoculated with equal doses of the two isolates developed infection with only one genotype. Tick cell cultures inoculated with equal doses of the two isolates became infected with only the Virginia isolate of A. marginale. When cultures were inoculated with different ratios of the Oklahoma and Virginia isolates of A. marginale, the isolate inoculated in the higher ratio became established and excluded infection with the other. When cultures with established infections of one isolate were subsequently infected with the other, only the established isolate was detected. We documented infection exclusion during initial infection in cell culture by labeling each isolate with a different fluorescent dye. After 2 days in culture, only a single isolate was detected per cell by fluorescence microscopy. Finally, when Anaplasma ovis infections were established in cultures that were subsequently inoculated with the Virginia or Oklahoma isolate of A. marginale, A. marginale infection was excluded. These studies confirm that infection exclusion occurs with A. marginale in bovine erythrocytes and tick cells, resulting in the establishment of only one genotype, and appears to be the first report of infection exclusion for Anaplasma and Ehrlichia species.

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Gross and Histopathological Findings of Naturally Occurring Anaplasma marginale Infection in Cattle

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.b-4283 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dhruba Das ◽

Kalyan Sarma ◽

Parimal Roychoudhury ◽

G.E. Chethan ◽

R. Ravindran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Histopathological Examination ◽

Anaplasma Marginale ◽

High Fever ◽

Sequencing Analysis ◽

Post Mortem ◽

Histopathological Changes ◽

Haemolytic Disease ◽

Post Mortem Examination ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Bovine Anaplasmosis

Background: Bovine anaplasmosis is a haemolytic disease of cattle caused by an obligate intra-erythrocytic bacterium Anaplasma marginale and is characterized by high fever, dyspnoea, anaemia, icterus, decreased milk production and death. The present study was undertaken to study the gross and histopathological changes caused by naturally occurring A. marginale infection in cattle. Methods: History and clinical examination of animals revealed inappetance/anorexia, presence of tick infestation, high fever, pale or icteric mucous membranes, tachycardia, dyspnoea and lymphadenomegaly. The diagnosis of A. marginale infection was done by blood smear examination and further confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing analysis. During the present study, two animals did not respond to treatment and were succumbed to A. marginale infection. A systematic post-mortem examination was performed on the animals and gross lesions were recorded. The tissue samples from various vital organs such as heart, lungs, liver, spleen and kidneys were collected in 10% neutral buffered formalin and processed for histopathological examination. Result: The post-mortem examination revealed emaciated carcass with yellowish discoloration of serosal surfaces of the abdominal organs, haemorrhagic heart, congestion of lungs, hepatomegaly, distension of the gallbladder and splenomegaly. The major histopathological changes noticed included myocardial degeneration and necrosis, interstitial pneumonic changes, degenerative changes in hepatocytes and renal tubular epithelial cells, enlargement of red pulp area of spleen with histiocytic proliferation and hemosiderosis. Histopathology also revealed inflammatory process characterized by infiltration of mononuclear cells in various organs. Very few reports are available on the pathological aspects of A. marginale infection and thus the outcome of the present study can yield valuable information to aid in the diagnosis of bovine anaplasmosis under field conditions.

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