Open reading frame 5 protein of porcine circovirus type 2 induces RNF128 (GRAIL) which inhibits mRNA transcription of interferon-β in porcine epithelial cells

ABSTRACT Here, we describe a novel porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) variant (GD2014) found in the Guangdong province, southern China. Its complete genome is 1,766 nucleotides and contained a 708-nucleotide open reading frame 2 (ORF2). Sequence analysis suggested that GD2014 is closest to JS2015 originating from the Jiangsu province of China and belongs to the PCV2d genotype.

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Properties of expression of protein capside porcine circovirus type 2 in bacterial cells

Journal of the Belarusian State University Biology ◽

10.33581/2521-1722-2021-1-48-57 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 48-57

Author(s):

Anastasia D. Titova ◽

Kirill V. Kudzin ◽

Vladimir A. Prokulevich

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Localization ◽

Nuclear Localization Signal ◽

Porcine Circovirus Type ◽

Porcine Circovirus Type 2 ◽

Porcine Circovirus ◽

Bacterial Cells ◽

Reading Frame ◽

E Coli ◽

Localization Signal

To improve expression of the porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) capsid protein in E. coli cells, the corresponding gene was optimized and two variants of the open reading frame were constructed, which encoded the full-sized and shortened capsid proteins as part of the expression vector. Rare codons were replaced, and in the case of a shortened version of the gene, the region corresponding to the N-terminal domain of the protein was deleted. A comparison was made of the expression level of the studied proteins. It was established that the highest level of expression in bacterial cells is achieved by simultaneously optimizing the codons and removing the initial (N-terminal) 108 base pair (bp) portion of the gene, which contains the nuclear localization signal.

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Whole-Genome Analysis of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 in Russia

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10121631 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1631

Author(s):

Sergei Raev ◽

Anton Yuzhakov ◽

Taras Aliper

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genome Analysis ◽

Porcine Circovirus Type ◽

Porcine Circovirus Type 2 ◽

Porcine Circovirus ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Whole Genome ◽

Whole Genome Analysis ◽

Reading Frame

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the causative agent of porcine circovirus-associated diseases (PCVAD) that bring about significant economic losses in the pig industry all over the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity of PCV2 in Russia and characterize the available complete genome sequences. PCV2 DNA was detected at all investigated farms located in different regions of Russia. Whole-genome analysis demonstrated that the majority of PCV2 strains belonged to genotype PCV2d (12 out of 14), while PCV2a and PCV2b were only detected at 2 farms (one at each). Further analysis revealed that all antibody recognition sites in Russian PCV2 strains were different from the corresponding epitopes in a PCV2a vaccine strain, suggesting that PCV2a-based vaccines may only provide limited protection against these strains. PCV2d strains could be grouped into 3 distinct lines which shared 98.7–100% identity within open reading frame 2 (ORF2). It is the first study reporting the genetic diversity of PCV2 strains in Russia. Our data indicated that, similarly to China, Europe, and USA, PCV2a and PCV2b have largely been replaced by PCV2d.

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Antibody Recognition of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Capsid Protein Epitopes after Vaccination, Infection, and Disease

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology ◽

10.1128/cvi.00418-10 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 749-757 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Benjamin R. Trible ◽

Maureen Kerrigan ◽

Nicholas Crossland ◽

Megan Potter ◽

Kay Faaberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Capsid Protein ◽

Natural Infection ◽

Porcine Circovirus Type ◽

Porcine Circovirus Type 2 ◽

Porcine Circovirus ◽

Reading Frame ◽

Antibody Recognition ◽

Wasting Syndrome ◽

Study Support

ABSTRACTOpen reading frame 2 (ORF2) of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) codes for the 233-amino-acid capsid protein (CP). Baculovirus-based vaccines that express only ORF2 are protective against clinical disease following experimental challenge or natural infection. The goal of this study was to identify regions in CP preferentially recognized by sera from experimentally infected and vaccinated pigs and to compare these responses to those of pigs diagnosed with porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD), including porcine multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS). The approach was to react porcine sera with CP polypeptide fragments followed by finer mapping studies using overlapping oligopeptides that covered amino acids 141 to 200. The results showed that vaccinated pigs preferentially recognized only the largest polypeptide fragment, CP(43-233). A subset of experimentally infected pigs and pigs with PDNS showed strong reactivity against a CP oligopeptide, 169-STIDYFQPNNKR-180. Alanine scanning identified Y-173, F-174, Q-175, and K-179 as important for antibody recognition. The results from this study support the notion of PCV2 modulation of immunity, including antibody responses that may represent a precursor for disease. The recognition of CP(169-180) and other polypeptides provides opportunities to devise diagnostic tests for monitoring the immunological effectiveness of vaccination.

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Necrotic enterocolitis in pigs naturally infected by porcine circovirus type 2

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/s0103-84782009005000115 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 39 (6) ◽

pp. 1801-1807 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Priscila Zlotowski ◽

André Mendes Ribeiro Corrêa ◽

David Emílio Santos Neves de Barcellos ◽

Marisa Ribeiro de Itapema Cardoso ◽

Anílton Cesar Vasconcelos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Epithelial Cells ◽

Porcine Circovirus Type ◽

Porcine Circovirus Type 2 ◽

Porcine Circovirus ◽

Necrotic Enteritis ◽

Bacteriological Examination ◽

Intestinal Tissue ◽

Main Target ◽

Rule Out

Samples of intestine with necrotic enteritis from 63 pigs naturally infected with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) were studied. Colon was the main target of PCV2 associated necrotic enteritis in 60 cases. Immunohistological investigations were carried out to detect the presence of PCV2 in necrotic lesions and to identify the type of cells infected by the virus. Crypt epithelial cells had positive labelling for PCV2 in 17 cases. Depletion of goblet cells occurred in 10 cases. In 24 necrotic enteritis cases, co-infection of PCV2 and Salmonella was identified. An increased rate of apoptosis in the crypt epithelial cells of the large intestine from PCV2 of naturally infected pigs was observed. Immunohistochemical findings confirmed the presence of PCV2 within cells from necrotic intestinal tissue, suggesting that PCV2 may play a role in the development of those lesions. Diagnosis of necrotic enteritis associated with PCV2 should be based on the detection of PCV2 antigen or DNA in the necrotizing lesions. However, bacteriological examination should be performed to rule out the presence of bacterial agents, since co-infections are likely to occur in PCV2 affected pigs.

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