The correlation between positive symptoms and left temporal event-related potentials in the P300 time window is auditory specific and training sensitive

The main goal of this event-related potentials (ERPs) study was to assess the effects of stimulations in Stroop task in brain activities of patients with different degrees of depression. Eighteen patients (10 males, with the mean age [Formula: see text]) were asked to fill out Beck’s depression questionnaire. Electroencephalographic (EEG) signals of subjects were recorded in three channels (Pz, Cz, and Fz) during Stroop test. This test entailed 360 stimulations, which included 120 congruent, 120 incongruent, and 120 neutral stimulations. To analyze the data, 18 time features in each type of stimulus were extracted from the ERP components and the optimal features were selected. The correlation between the subjects’ scores in Beck’s depression questionnaires and the extracted time features in each recording channel was calculated in order to select the best features. Total area, and peak-to-peak time window in the Cz channel in both the congruent and incongruent stimulus showed significant correlation with Beck scores, with [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], respectively. Consequently, given the correlation between time features and the subjects’ Beck scores with different degrees of depression, it can be interpreted that in case of growth in degrees of depression, stimulations involving congruent images would produce more challenging interferences for the patients compared to incongruent stimulations which can be more effective in diagnosing the level of disorder.

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Lexical processing deficits in children with developmental language disorder: An event-related potentials study

Development and Psychopathology ◽

10.1017/s0954579415000097 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 459-476 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Sergey A. Kornilov ◽

James S. Magnuson ◽

Natalia Rakhlin ◽

Nicole Landi ◽

Elena L. Grigorenko

Keyword(s):

Lexical Processing ◽

Time Window ◽

Language Disorder ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Functional Independence ◽

Event Related Potential ◽

Developmental Language Disorder ◽

Compensatory Mechanisms ◽

Related Potentials ◽

Processing Deficits

AbstractLexical processing deficits in children with developmental language disorder (DLD) have been postulated to arise as sequelae of their grammatical deficits (either directly or via compensatory mechanisms) and vice versa. We examined event-related potential indices of lexical processing in children with DLD (n= 23) and their typically developing peers (n= 16) using a picture–word matching paradigm. We found that children with DLD showed markedly reduced N400 amplitudes in response both to auditorily presented words that had initial phonological overlap with the name of the pictured object and to words that were not semantically or phonologically related to the pictured object. Moreover, this reduction was related to behavioral indices of phonological and lexical but not grammatical development. We also found that children with DLD showed a depressed phonological mapping negativity component in the early time window, suggesting deficits in phonological processing or early lexical access. The results are partially consistent with the overactivation account of lexical processing deficits in DLD and point to the relative functional independence of lexical/phonological and grammatical deficits in DLD, supporting a multidimensional view of the disorder. The results also, although indirectly, support the neuroplasticity account of DLD, according to which language impairment affects brain development and shapes the specific patterns of brain responses to language stimuli.

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Event-related Potential Correlates of Negation in a Sentence–Picture Verification Paradigm

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience ◽

10.1162/jocn.2008.20093 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 20 (8) ◽

pp. 1355-1370 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Jana Lüdtke ◽

Claudia K. Friedrich ◽

Mónica De Filippis ◽

Barbara Kaup

Keyword(s):

Language Processing ◽

Priming Effect ◽

Time Window ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Event Related Potential ◽

Foreground Object ◽

Negative Particle ◽

Sentence Meaning ◽

Related Potentials ◽

Main Effects

In a sentence–picture verification paradigm, participants were presented in a rapid-serial-visual-presentation paradigm with affirmative or negative sentences (e.g., “In the front of the tower there is a/no ghost”) followed by a matching or mismatching picture. Response latencies and event-related potentials (ERPs) were measured during reading and verification. An enhanced negative shift in the ERPs for the subject noun (i.e., “ghost”) in negative, compared to affirmative sentences, was found during reading. We relate this ERP deflection to enhanced processing demands required by the negative particle no. Although this effect suggests a direct impact of negation on language processing, results for picture processing reveal that negation is not immediately integrated into sentence meaning. When the delay of picture presentation was short (250 msec), verification latencies and ERPs evoked by the picture showed a priming effect independent of whether the sentence contained a negation. Unprimed pictures (foreground object not mentioned in the sentence) led to longer latencies and higher N400 amplitudes than primed pictures (foreground object mentioned in the sentence). Main effects of negation showed up only in a late positive-going ERP effect. In contrast, when the delay was long (1500 msec), we observed main effects of truth value and negation in addition to the priming effect already in the N400 time window, that is, negation is fully integrated into sentence meaning only at a later point in the comprehension process. When negation has not yet been integrated, verification decisions appear to be modulated by additional time-consuming reanalysis processes.

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Evidence for a general neural signature of face familiarity

10.1101/2021.04.18.440317 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alexia Dalski ◽

Gyula Kovács ◽

Géza Gergely Ambrus

Keyword(s):

Right Hemisphere ◽

Time Window ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Central Regions ◽

Related Potentials ◽

The Media ◽

Neural Signature ◽

Cross Experiment ◽

Strong Candidate ◽

The Right

We explored the neural signatures of face familiarity using cross-participant and cross-experiment decoding of event-related potentials, evoked by unknown and experimentally familiarized faces from a set of experiments with different participants, stimuli, and familiarization-types. Participants were either familiarized perceptually, via media exposure, or by personal interaction. We observed significant cross-experiment familiarity decoding involving all three experiments, predominantly over posterior and central regions of the right hemisphere in the 270 - 630 ms time window. This shared face familiarity effect was most prominent between the Media and Personal, as well as between the Perceptual and Personal experiments. Cross-experiment decodability makes this signal a strong candidate for a general neural indicator of face familiarity, independent of familiarization methods and stimuli. Furthermore, the sustained pattern of temporal generalization suggests that it reflects a single automatic processing cascade that is maintained over time.

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Looking for effects of qualia on event-related brain potentials of close others in search for a cause of the similarity of qualia assumed across individuals

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.5977.3 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 316

Author(s):

Sheila Bouten ◽

Hugo Pantecouteau ◽

J. Bruno Debruille

Keyword(s):

Time Window ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Conscious Experience ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

The Other ◽

Brain Potentials ◽

Frontal Electrode ◽

Related Potentials ◽

The Individual ◽

The Brain

Qualia, the individual instances of subjective conscious experience, are private events. However, in everyday life, we assume qualia of others and their perceptual worlds, to be similar to ours. One way this similarity is possible is if qualia of others somehow contribute to the production of qualia by our own brain and vice versa. To test this hypothesis, we focused on the mean voltages of event-related potentials (ERPs) in the time-window of the P600 component, whose amplitude correlates positively with conscious awareness. These ERPs were elicited by images of the international affective picture system in 16 pairs of friends, siblings or couples going side by side through hyperscanning without having to interact. Each of the 32 members of these 16 pairs faced one half of the screen and could not see what the other member was presented with on the other half. One stimulus occurred on each half simultaneously. The sameness of these stimulus pairs was manipulated as well as the participants’ belief in that sameness by telling subjects’ pairs that they were going to be presented with the same stimuli in two blocks and with different ones in the two others. ERPs were more positive at all electrode subsets for stimulus pairs that were inconsistent with the belief than for those that were consistent. In the N400 time window, at frontal electrode sites, ERPs were again more positive for inconsistent than for consistent stimuli. As participants had no way to see the stimulus their partner was presented with and thus no way to detect inconsistence, these data might reveal an impact of the qualia of a person on the brain activity of another. Such impact could provide a research avenue when trying to explain the similarity of qualia across individuals.

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Pre-Stimulus Alpha-Band Phase Gates Afferent Visual Cortex Responses

10.1101/2021.04.06.438680 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Wei Dou ◽

Audrey Morrow ◽

Luca Iemi ◽

Jason Samaha

Keyword(s):

Visual Cortex ◽

Visual Processing ◽

Time Window ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Alpha Phase ◽

Alpha Activity ◽

Alpha Band ◽

Visual Responses ◽

Alpha Oscillations ◽

Related Potentials

The neurogenesis of alpha-band (8-13 Hz) activity has been characterized across many different animal experiments. However, the functional role that alpha oscillations play in perception and behavior has largely been attributed to two contrasting hypotheses, with human evidence in favor of either (or both or neither) remaining sparse. On the one hand, alpha generators have been observed in relay sectors of the visual thalamus and are postulated to phasically inhibit afferent visual input in a feedforward manner 1-4. On the other hand, evidence also suggests that the direction of influence of alpha activity propagates backwards along the visual hierarchy, reflecting a feedback influence upon the visual cortex 5-9. The primary source of human evidence regarding the role of alpha phase in visual processing has been on perceptual reports 10-16, which could be modulated either by feedforward or feedback alpha activity. Thus, although these two hypotheses are not mutually exclusive, human evidence clearly supporting either one is lacking. Here, we present human subjects with large, high-contrast visual stimuli that elicit robust C1 event-related potentials (ERP), which peak between 70-80 milliseconds post-stimulus and are thought to reflect afferent primary visual cortex (V1) input 17-20. We find that the phase of ongoing alpha oscillations modulates the global field power (GFP) of the EEG during this first volley of stimulus processing (the C1 time-window). On the standard assumption 21-23 that this early activity reflects postsynaptic potentials being relayed to visual cortex from the thalamus, our results suggest that alpha phase gates visual responses during the first feed-forward sweep of processing.

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The processing of intimately familiar and unfamiliar voices: Specific neural responses of speaker recognition and identification

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0250214 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. e0250214

Author(s):

Julien Plante-Hébert ◽

Victor J. Boucher ◽

Boutheina Jemel

Keyword(s):

Speaker Recognition ◽

Time Window ◽

Speaker Identification ◽

Early Recognition ◽

Voice Recognition ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Neural Responses ◽

Speech Stimuli ◽

Related Potentials ◽

Post Onset

Research has repeatedly shown that familiar and unfamiliar voices elicit different neural responses. But it has also been suggested that different neural correlates associate with the feeling of having heard a voice and knowing who the voice represents. The terminology used to designate these varying responses remains vague, creating a degree of confusion in the literature. Additionally, terms serving to designate tasks of voice discrimination, voice recognition, and speaker identification are often inconsistent creating further ambiguities. The present study used event-related potentials (ERPs) to clarify the difference between responses to 1) unknown voices, 2) trained-to-familiar voices as speech stimuli are repeatedly presented, and 3) intimately familiar voices. In an experiment, 13 participants listened to repeated utterances recorded from 12 speakers. Only one of the 12 voices was intimately familiar to a participant, whereas the remaining 11 voices were unfamiliar. The frequency of presentation of these 11 unfamiliar voices varied with only one being frequently presented (the trained-to-familiar voice). ERP analyses revealed different responses for intimately familiar and unfamiliar voices in two distinct time windows (P2 between 200–250 ms and a late positive component, LPC, between 450–850 ms post-onset) with late responses occurring only for intimately familiar voices. The LPC present sustained shifts, and short-time ERP components appear to reflect an early recognition stage. The trained voice equally elicited distinct responses, compared to rarely heard voices, but these occurred in a third time window (N250 between 300–350 ms post-onset). Overall, the timing of responses suggests that the processing of intimately familiar voices operates in two distinct steps of voice recognition, marked by a P2 on right centro-frontal sites, and speaker identification marked by an LPC component. The recognition of frequently heard voices entails an independent recognition process marked by a differential N250. Based on the present results and previous observations, it is proposed that there is a need to distinguish between processes of voice “recognition” and “identification”. The present study also specifies test conditions serving to reveal this distinction in neural responses, one of which bears on the length of speech stimuli given the late responses associated with voice identification.

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Investigating the Influence of the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Val66Met Single Nucleotide Polymorphism on Familiarity and Recollection Event-Related Potentials

10.1101/793356 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Nicole S. McKay ◽

David Moreau ◽

Paul M. Corballis ◽

Ian J. Kirk

Keyword(s):

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽

Time Window ◽

Memory Task ◽

Recognition Task ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Item Recognition ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

Related Potentials ◽

Familiarity And Recollection

AbstractThe Val66Met single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) has previously been reported to impact performance on recognition memory tasks. Whether the two subprocesses of recognition—familiarity and recollection—are differentially impacted by the Val66Met SNP remains unknown. Using event-related potentials (ERPs) recorded during a source memory task, we attempted to dissociate these two subprocesses. Behaviourally, we used participants’ scores on an item-recognition subtask as a measure of familiarity, and participants’ scores on a source-recognition subtask as a measure of recollection. Our findings reveal that Val/Val individuals outperform Met allele carriers on the item-but not the source-recognition task. Electrophysiologically, we were interested in the N400, an early frontal component previously linked to familiarity, and the late positive complex (LPC), a posterior component linked to recollection. We found evidence for Val/Val individuals having larger amplitudes of the LPC compared to Met allele carriers, and evidence for no difference in the N400 amplitudes of these groups. Based on the lack of dissociation between familiarity- and recollection-specific ERPs at the LPC time window, we argue that our behavioural and ERP results might reflect better item-recognition for Val/Val individuals compared to Met allele carriers. We further suggest that both these results reflect differences related to familiarity, rather than recollection.

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Electrophysiological signatures of English onomatopoeia

Language and Cognition ◽

10.1017/langcog.2019.38 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 15-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

GABRIELLA VIGLIOCCO ◽

YE ZHANG ◽

NICOLA DEL MASCHIO ◽

ROSANNA TODD ◽

JYRKI TUOMAINEN

Keyword(s):

Target Word ◽

Language Processing ◽

Semantic Processing ◽

Time Window ◽

Time Windows ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Semantic Activation ◽

Level Ii ◽

Lexical Effects ◽

Related Potentials

abstractOnomatopoeia is widespread across the world’s languages. They represent a relatively simple iconic mapping: the phonological/phonetic properties of the word evokes acoustic related features of referents. Here, we explore the EEG correlates of processing onomatopoeia in English. Participants were presented with a written cue-word (e.g., leash) and then with a spoken target-word. The target-word was either an onomatopoeia (e.g., bark), a sound-related but arbitrary word (e.g., melody), or another arbitrary word (e.g., bike). Participants judged whether the cue- and the target-word were similar in meaning. We analysed Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) in different time-windows: (i) early (100–200 and 200–250 ms) to assess differences in processing at the form-level; (ii) the N400 time-window (300–500 ms) in order to establish if there are differences in semantic processing across our word-types; and (iii) late (600–900 ms) to assess post-lexical effects. We found that onomatopoeia differed from the other words in the N400 time-window: when cue and target were unrelated, onomatopoeic words led to greater negativity which can be accounted for in terms of enhanced semantic activation of onomatopoeia which leads to greater salience of the mismatch. We discuss results in the context of a growing body of literature investigating iconicity in language processing and development.

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Differences in Power Spectral Densities and Phase Quantities Due to Processing of EEG Signals

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s20216285 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (21) ◽

pp. 6285

Author(s):

Raquib-ul Alam ◽

Haifeng Zhao ◽

Andrew Goodwin ◽

Omid Kavehei ◽

Alistair McEwan

Keyword(s):

Signal Processing ◽

Primary Motor Cortex ◽

Time Window ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Model Parameters ◽

Eeg Signal ◽

Eeg Signals ◽

Artifact Removal ◽

Power Spectral ◽

Related Potentials

There has been a growing interest in computational electroencephalogram (EEG) signal processing in a diverse set of domains, such as cortical excitability analysis, event-related synchronization, or desynchronization analysis. In recent years, several inconsistencies were found across different EEG studies, which authors often attributed to methodological differences. However, the assessment of such discrepancies is deeply underexplored. It is currently unknown if methodological differences can fully explain emerging differences and the nature of these differences. This study aims to contrast widely used methodological approaches in EEG processing and compare their effects on the outcome variables. To this end, two publicly available datasets were collected, each having unique traits so as to validate the results in two different EEG territories. The first dataset included signals with event-related potentials (visual stimulation) from 45 subjects. The second dataset included resting state EEG signals from 16 subjects. Five EEG processing steps, involved in the computation of power and phase quantities of EEG frequency bands, were explored in this study: artifact removal choices (with and without artifact removal), EEG signal transformation choices (raw EEG channels, Hjorth transformed channels, and averaged channels across primary motor cortex), filtering algorithms (Butterworth filter and Blackman–Harris window), EEG time window choices (−750 ms to 0 ms and −250 ms to 0 ms), and power spectral density (PSD) estimation algorithms (Welch’s method, Fast Fourier Transform, and Burg’s method). Powers and phases estimated by carrying out variations of these five methods were analyzed statistically for all subjects. The results indicated that the choices in EEG transformation and time-window can strongly affect the PSD quantities in a variety of ways. Additionally, EEG transformation and filter choices can influence phase quantities significantly. These results raise the need for a consistent and standard EEG processing pipeline for computational EEG studies. Consistency of signal processing methods cannot only help produce comparable results and reproducible research, but also pave the way for federated machine learning methods, e.g., where model parameters rather than data are shared.

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