Psychometric properties of the Brief Version of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire in relatives of patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders and non-psychiatric controls

2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 122-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. Compton ◽  
Victoria H. Chien ◽  
Annie M. Bollini
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

The Relationship Between Multisensory Temporal Processing and Schizotypal Traits

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler C. Dalal ◽  
Anne-Marie Muller ◽  
Ryan A Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Processing ◽  
Temporal Order Judgment ◽  
Judgment Task ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Magical Thinking ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
The Relationship

Recent literature has suggested that atypical sensory processing observed in schizophrenia may contribute to clinical symptomatology. Specifically, multisensory temporal processing was shown to be strongly associated with hallucination severity. Here, we explored whether this relationship extends to a broader spectrum of schizotypal traits, in line with the DSM-5’s shift towards a more dimensional approach to diagnostic criteria within Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders. Fifty-one participants completed an audiovisual temporal order judgment task as a measure of multisensory temporal processing and self-reported levels of schizotypal traits using the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire. These data revealed two novel findings. First, less precise multisensory temporal processing was related to higher overall levels of schizotypal traits. Second, this relationship was specific to the cognitive-perceptual domain, and more specifically, the Unusual Perceptual Experiences and Odd Beliefs or Magical Thinking measures. Previous literature has shown that less precise multisensory temporal processing was related to the severity of hallucinations in schizophrenia. These findings provide a novel, direct extension of this previous work by demonstrating that this relationship applies to traits across the schizophrenia spectrum, including at the subclinical level.

scholarly journals The impact of schizotypy on pragmatics

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. e020014
Author(s):  
Monica de Freitas Frias Chaves ◽  
Cilene Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Semantic Meaning ◽  
General Hypothesis ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
The Impact

High levels of linguistic referential failures are associated with liability to develop schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, and it has been shown that these failures can differentiate healthy subjects, high-schizotypal and schizophrenics groups. Nevertheless, few investigations have focused on whether or not schizotypal traits in nonclinical populations can also impact linguistic reference. In Brazilian Portuguese, only one previous study (acceptability judgements task) had been conducted, and its results suggest association between schizotypal traits and a more rigid preference for assignment of specific readings to definite singular DPs. Here, we present another experimental study in Brazilian Portuguese,  a comprehension task designed to examine possible effects of schizotypal personality traits on the interpretation of definite singular DPs. The findings, in line with the previous results, support the conclusion that schizotypy does affect the interpretation of definite singular DPs in Brazilian Portuguese. Together, these two experiments suggest that schizotypal personality traits impact the integration of linguistic contextual information into the semantic meaning of definite DPs. This is  consistent with the general hypothesis that schizotypy, similarly to schizophrenia, is associated with pragmatic difficulties. Yet, our results emphasize that the impact of schizotypal traits on pragmatics can be observed even in healthy (nonclinical) speakers.

scholarly journals Understanding the Influence of Personality Traits on Risk of Suicidal Behaviour in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 4604
Author(s):  
Manuel Canal-Rivero ◽  
Rosa Ayesa-Arriola ◽  
Esther Setién-Suero ◽  
Benedicto Crespo-Facorro ◽  
Celso Arango ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Risk of suicidal behaviour (SB) in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) is a major concern, particularly in early stages of the illness, when suicide accounts for a high number of premature deaths. Although some risk factors for SB in SSD are well understood, the extent to which personality traits may affect this risk remains unclear, which may have implications for prevention. We conducted a systematic review of previous studies indexed in MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Embase examining the relationship between personality traits and SB in samples of patients with SSD. Seven studies fulfilled predetermined selection criteria. Harm avoidance, passive-dependent, schizoid and schizotypal personality traits increased the risk of SB, while self-directedness, cooperativeness, excluding persistence and self-transcendence acted as protective factors. Although only seven studies were retrieved from three major databases after applying predetermined selection criteria, we found some evidence to support that personality issues may contribute to SB in patients with SSD. Personality traits may therefore become part of routine suicide risk assessment and interventions targeting these personality-related factors may contribute to prevention of SB in SSD.

Scale for Space and Time Experience in Psychosis: Converging Phenomenological and Psychopathological Perspectives

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Filipe Arantes-Gonçalves ◽  
Angelika Wolman ◽  
António J. Bastos-Leite ◽  
Georg Northoff
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Psychopathological Symptoms ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Time Experience ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Abnormalities in the experience of space and time are fundamental to understanding schizophrenia spectrum disorders, but the precise relation between such abnormalities and psychopathological symptoms is still unclear. Therefore, the aim of our study was to introduce a novel scale for space and time experience in psychosis (STEP), specifically devised to assess schizophrenia spectrum disorders. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The STEP scale is a semiquantitative instrument developed on the basis of several items from previous scales and phenomenological reports addressing the experience of space and time. We applied the STEP scale to three groups of subjects (patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, patients with predominant affective symptoms, and healthy control subjects), to whom we also applied other more general psychopathological scales, such as the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and the Ego-Psychopathology Inventory. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders scored significantly higher on general psychopatho<X00_Del_TrennDivis>­-</X00_Del_TrennDivis>logical scales relative to subjects belonging to the other groups. The STEP scale provided good psychometric properties regarding reliability. We also tested convergent and divergent validity of the STEP scale and found that space and time subscale scores of STEP significantly correlated with each other, as well as with the remaining general psychopathological scores. <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> We introduced the STEP scale as a novel instrument for the assessment of experience of space and time. Its psychometric properties showed high validity and reliability to identify psychopathological symptoms and enabled to differentiate patients with predominantly psychotic symptoms from those with predominantly affective symptoms. The STEP scale provides a standardized measure for assessing disturbances in the experience of space and time. Furthermore, it probably represents a leap forward toward the establishment of an additional dimension of symptoms proposed as “spatiotemporal psychopathology.”

scholarly journals Schizotypy and brain structure: a voxel-based morphometry study

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 1423-1431 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Modinos ◽  
A. Mechelli ◽  
J. Ormel ◽  
N. A. Groenewold ◽  
A. Aleman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Voxel Based Morphometry ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Psychosis Proneness ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

BackgroundSchizotypy is conceptualized as a subclinical manifestation of the same underlying biological factors that give rise to schizophrenia and other schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Individuals with psychometric schizotypy (PS) experience subthreshold psychotic signs and can be psychometrically identified among the general population. Previous research using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has shown gray-matter volume (GMV) abnormalities in chronic schizophrenia, in subjects with an at-risk mental state (ARMS) and in individuals with schizotypal personality disorder (SPD). However, to date, no studies have investigated the neuroanatomical correlates of PS.MethodSix hundred first- and second-year university students completed the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE), a self-report instrument on psychosis proneness measuring attenuated positive psychotic experiences. A total of 38 subjects with high and low PS were identified and subsequently scanned with MRI. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was applied to examine GMV differences between subjects with high and low positive PS.ResultsSubjects with high positive PS showed larger global volumes compared to subjects with low PS, and larger regional volumes in the medial posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and the precuneus. There were no regions where GMV was greater in low than in high positive PS subjects.ConclusionsThese regions, the PCC and precuneus, have also been sites of volumetric differences in MRI studies of ARMS subjects and schizophrenia, suggesting that psychotic or psychotic-like experiences may have common neuroanatomical correlates across schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder and schizophrenia in three identical twin pairs

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. W. Lewis ◽  
B. Chitkara ◽  
A. M. Revelely
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Monozygotic Twin ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Changes

SYNOPSISThree monozygotic twin pairs are described who are concordant for DSM-III-R obsessive-compulsive disorder while being discordant for schizophrenia or schizoaffiective disorder. Follow-up interview showed the non-psychotic co-twins to have schizotypal personality disorder. It is concluded that obsessive-compulsive and schizophrenia-spectrum disorders can truly co-exits, thus supporting diagnostic changes introduced into DSM-III-R, and may in some cases be inherited together.

scholarly journals Anomalies of Imagination, Self-Disorders, and Schizophrenia Spectrum Psychopathology: A Network Analysis

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Rosén Rasmussen ◽  
Andrea Raballo ◽  
Antonio Preti ◽  
Ditte Sæbye ◽  
Josef Parnas
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Canonical State ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Negative Syndrome

BackgroundAnomalies of imagination encompass disturbances of the basic experiential structure of fantasies and imagery that can be explored in a semi-structured way with the Examination of Anomalous Fantasy and Imagination (EAFI). We aimed (1) to examine the distribution of anomalies of imagination among different diagnostic groups and a group of healthy controls, and (2) to examine their relation with disorders of basic self, perceptual disturbances and canonical state psychopathology of the schizophrenia-spectrum (positive, negative and general symptoms).MethodsThe 81 participants included patients with schizophrenia or other non-affective psychosis (N = 32), schizotypal personality disorder (N = 15) or other mental illness (N = 16) and healthy controls (N = 18). The assessment encompassed EAFI, Examination of Anomalous Self-Experience (EASE), parts of Bonn Scale for the Assessment of Basic Symptoms (BSABS) and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). For network analysis, the associations of EAFI with the other psychopathological variables were tested by Pearson's correlation coefficient and graphically represented using multidimensional clustering. Comparisons between correlations in the network were tested with Steiger's test.ResultsAnomalies of imagination aggregated significantly in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders compared to other mental illness and healthy controls with no difference between schizophrenia and schizotypal disorder. In the network analysis, anomalies of imagination were closely inter-connected with self-disorders. Although, the anomalies of imagination correlated moderately with perceptual disturbance and positive, negative and general state symptomatology, these dimensions aggregated separately and relatively distant in the network.ConclusionsThe results support that anomalies of imagination are highly characteristic of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders and closely related to self-disorders.

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