Self-harm, suicidal ideation, and the positive symptoms of psychosis: Cross-sectional and prospective data from a national household survey

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine condition that has been associated with atypical emotional regulation strategy use as well as elevated levels of depression, anxiety, self-harm, and suicidal ideation. Despite the existence of clinical screening guidance for this population, there is still little to know understanding of how non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal ideation and intention manifests in women with PCOS, and how this might differ from women without PCOS. Within this cross-sectional investigation, women with and without a diagnosis of PCOS (n = 418) completed validated metrics of emotion dysregulation, rumination, and non-suicidal self-injury, as well as self-reported indices of previous suicidal ideation and future suicidal intention. Group comparisons indicated that women with, relative to those without PCOS reported significantly greater metrics across all variables. Moreover, serial mediation analyses were conducted to test the ideation-to-action framework of suicide in women with PCOS, with the positive relationship between a PCOS diagnosis and future suicidal intention being explained through the indirect pathway of increased emotion dysregulation, recent suicidal ideation, and NSSI. Our findings call to action the need for international screening for suicide intention and self-harm in women with PCOS.

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Negative Psychological Outcomes Associated With Emerging Adults' Cyber Aggression Involvement

Recent Advances in Digital Media Impacts on Identity, Sexuality, and Relationships - Advances in Human and Social Aspects of Technology ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-1063-6.ch001 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-21

Author(s):

Michelle F. Wright

Keyword(s):

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Emerging Adults ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Research Attention ◽

Grade Point ◽

Reciprocal Relationships ◽

Cyber Aggression ◽

Self Harm ◽

Cross Sectional Studies ◽

The Relationship

The first objective of the present study was to describe the nature of cyber aggression and victimization among emerging adults by focusing on what digital technologies are used and the relationship between the perpetrator and the victim. The second objective of the present study was to investigate the longitudinal, reciprocal relationships between cyber victimization, cyber aggression, suicidal ideation, non-suicidal self-harm, depression, loneliness, anxiety, and grade point average among emerging adults over four years, using cross-lagged modeling. The findings of the study were consistent with cross-sectional studies, with the present study revealing longitudinal and reciprocal relationships between cyber aggression, cyber victimizations, suicidal ideation, non-suicidal self-harm, depression, anxiety, and GPA over four years. Additional research attention should be given to understanding more about these associations.

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School absenteeism as a risk factor for self-harm and suicidal ideation in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis

European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry ◽

10.1007/s00787-019-01327-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (9) ◽

pp. 1175-1194 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sophie Epstein ◽

Emmert Roberts ◽

Rosemary Sedgwick ◽

Catherine Polling ◽

Katie Finning ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

School Absenteeism ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Completed Suicide ◽

Self Harm ◽

Cross Sectional Studies

Abstract Self-harm and suicidal ideation in children and adolescents are common and are risk factors for completed suicide. Social exclusion, which can take many forms, increases the risk of self-harm and suicidal ideation. One important marker of social exclusion in young people is school absenteeism. Whether school absenteeism is associated with these adverse outcomes, and if so to what extent, remains unclear. To determine the association between school absenteeism and both self-harm (including completed suicide) and suicidal ideation in children and adolescents, we conducted a systematic review of observational studies. We conducted meta-analysis and report a narrative synthesis where this was not possible. Meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies showed that school absenteeism was associated with an increased risk of self-harm [pooled adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.37, 95% confidence interval 1.20–1.57, P = 0.01] and of suicidal ideation (pooled aOR 1.20, 95% CI 1.02–1.42, P = 0.03). A small number of studies showed that school absenteeism had a longitudinal association with both adverse outcomes. Heterogeneity in the exposure and outcome variables, study design and reporting was prominent and limited the extent to which it was appropriate to pool results. School absenteeism was associated with both self-harm and suicidal ideation in young people, but this evidence was derived from a small number of cross-sectional studies. Further research into the mechanisms of this association could help to inform self-harm and suicide prevention strategies at clinical, school and population levels.

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Prevalence of Wheelchair and Scooter Use Among Community-Dwelling Canadians

Physical Therapy ◽

10.2522/ptj.20150574 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 96 (8) ◽

pp. 1135-1142 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Emma M. Smith ◽

Edward M. Giesbrecht ◽

W. Ben Mortenson ◽

William C. Miller

Keyword(s):

Policy Research ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Household Survey ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Wheelchair Users ◽

Mobility Impairments ◽

Canadian Population ◽

National Household Survey

Abstract Background Mobility impairments are the third leading cause of disability for community-dwelling Canadians. Wheelchairs and scooters help compensate for these challenges. There are limited data within the last decade estimating the prevalence of wheelchair and scooter use in Canada. Objective The aims of this study were: (1) to estimate the prevalence of wheelchair and scooter use in Canada and (2) to explore relevant demographic characteristics of wheelchair and scooter users. Design This study was a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional national survey. Methods The Canadian Survey on Disability (2012) collected data on wheelchair and scooter use from community-dwelling individuals aged 15 years and over with a self-identified activity limitation on the National Household Survey. Prevalence estimates were calculated as weighted frequencies, with cross-tabulations to determine the number of wheelchair and scooter users in Canada, by province, and demographic characteristics (ie, age, sex) and bootstrapping to estimate the variance of all point estimates. Results There were approximately 288,800 community-dwelling wheelchair and scooter users aged 15 years and over, representing 1.0% of the Canadian population. The sample included 197,560 manual wheelchair users, 42,360 powered wheelchair users, and 108,550 scooter users. Wheelchair and scooter users were predominantly women, with a mean age of 65 years. Approximately 50,620 individuals used a combination of 2 different types of devices. Limitations The results are representative of individuals living in the community in Canada and exclude individuals in residential or group-based settings; estimates do not represent the true population prevalence. Conclusion This analysis is the first in more than 10 years to provide a prevalence estimate and description of wheelchair and scooter users in Canada. Since 2004, there has been an increase in the proportion of the population who use wheelchairs and scooters, likely related to an aging Canadian population. These new prevalence data have potential to inform policy, research, and clinical practice.

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Eating Disorders and Suicidal Behaviors in Adolescents with Major Depression: Insights from the US Hospitals

Behavioral Sciences ◽

10.3390/bs11050078 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 78

Author(s):

Rikinkumar S. Patel ◽

Tanya Machado ◽

William E. Tankersley

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorders ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Nationwide Inpatient Sample ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Primary Diagnosis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lower Odds ◽

The Us ◽

Self Harm

Objective: To evaluate the odds of association between suicidal ideation and/or attempt with comorbid eating disorders in adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study and included 122,020 adolescents with a primary diagnosis of MDD from the nationwide inpatient sample (NIS, 2012–2014). They were sub-grouped by a comorbid diagnosis of eating disorders (N = 1675). We calculated the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) using a logistic regression model with demographic confounders for associations of eating disorders with suicidal ideation and attempt. Results: Suicidal ideations were seen in a higher proportion of adolescents with eating disorders (46.3% vs. 14.2% in those without eating disorders). On the contrary, a low proportion of adolescents with eating disorders had suicidal attempts (0.9% vs. 39.4% in those without eating disorders). Overall, eating disorders were associated with higher odds for suicidal ideations (aOR 5.36, 95% CI 4.82–5.97) compared to those without eating disorders, but with lower odds of suicidal attempt (aOR 0.02, 95% CI 0.01–0.03). Conclusions: Adolescents with MDD and comorbid eating disorders had five-times increased odds of suicidal ideations but lower odds of a suicide attempt. Self-harm/injurious behaviors are early signs of suicidal ideations in these patients. A collaborative care model is required for the screening, early diagnosis, and management of adolescents with eating disorders to improve their quality of life.

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Exploring the Associations between Social Rank and External Shame with Experiences of Psychosis

Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy ◽

10.1017/s1352465815000570 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 44 (5) ◽

pp. 527-538 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Lisa Wood ◽

Chris Irons

Keyword(s):

Social Rank ◽

Positive Symptoms ◽

Personal Recovery ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

External Shame ◽

Correlational Design ◽

Study Participants ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Positive Symptoms Of Psychosis ◽

The Relationship

Background:Low social rank and external shame have been found to be significantly associated with anxiety and depression. However, their relevance to experiences of psychosis has rarely been explored.Aims:This study aims to examine the relationship of social rank and external shame to personal recovery, depression and positive symptoms in psychosis.Method:A cross sectional correlational design was adopted to examine the relationship between all variables. Fifty-two service users, aged between 18 to 65 years, with experiences of psychosis were recruited for the study. Participants were administered outcome measures examining social rank, external shame, positive symptoms of psychosis, depression and personal recovery. Multiple regression analyses were conducted on the data.Results:Significant correlations were found between all variables. Low social rank was significantly associated with lower reported personal recovery, and higher levels of external shame and depression symptomology. The relationship between external shame and positive symptoms of psychosis and personal recovery was found to be mediated by participants’ level of depression.Conclusion:Findings suggest that social rank and external shame are relevant to those who experience psychosis. Therapeutic approaches may need to focus on perceptions of social rank and external shame in working with experiences of psychosis.

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Self-harm and suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 outbreak in Lebanon: a preliminary study

Journal of Health Research ◽

10.1108/jhr-01-2021-0029 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Ismael Maatouk ◽

Moubadda Assi ◽

Rusi Jaspal

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Job Insecurity ◽

Political Trust ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Poor Mental Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Content Type ◽

Self Harm

PurposeThis cross-sectional study focuses on the social psychological correlates of self-harm and suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) outbreak in Lebanon, which is a country characterized by political and economic instability.Design/methodology/approachA convenience sample of 191 Lebanese individuals completed measures of length of being in lockdown, fear of COVID-19, job insecurity, political trust, self-harm and suicidal ideation. Data were analyzed using independent samples t-tests and multiple regression.FindingsFear of COVID-19 was associated with neither self-harm nor suicidal ideation. Males and people with lower income reported higher suicidal ideation than females and those with higher income, respectively, and religiosity was inversely associated with suicidal ideation. People who reported self-harm generally exhibited lower political trust than those who did not report self-harm.Research limitations/implicationsBeyond the fear of COVID-19, the socioeconomic sequelae of COVID-19 (especially the economic fallout and declining political trust), which are accentuated in already economically and politically unstable societies, may precipitate poor mental health and maladaptive coping strategies in Lebanon. There is a need to ensure adequate access to mental health services to the general population amid the COVID-19 outbreak in Lebanon.Originality/valueThis study provides novel insight into the risk factors for self-harm and suicidal ideation in Lebanon during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Altitude and its inverse association with abdominal obesity in an Andean country: a cross-sectional study

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.20707.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 1738

Author(s):

Jaime Pajuelo-Ramírez ◽

Harold Torres-Aparcana ◽

Rosa Agüero-Zamora ◽

Antonio M. Quispe

Keyword(s):

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Household Survey ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Younger Men ◽

Andean Countries ◽

National Household Survey ◽

And Gender

Background: Abdominal obesity represents an accurate predictor of overall morbidity and mortality, which is worrisome because it is also continuously increasing across Andean countries. However, its relationship with altitude remains unclear. The objective of this study was to assess the association between altitude and abdominal obesity in Peru, and how sociodemographic variables impact this association. Methods: We estimated the prevalence of abdominal obesity in Peru and analyzed its association with altitude using the data from the 2012-2013 National Household Survey (ENAHO). During this survey, a representative sample of Peruvians was screened for abdominal obesity, using waist circumference as a proxy, and the Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines cutoffs. Results: Data were analyzed from a sample of 20,489 Peruvians (51% male). The prevalence of abdominal obesity was estimated at 33.6% (95% CI: 32.5 to 34.6%). In Peru, altitude was significantly and inversely associated with abdominal obesity, decreasing with higher altitudes: 1500-2999 meters above mean sea level (MAMSL) vs <1500 MAMSL, adjusted prevalence rate [aPR]= 0.86 (95% CI: 0.75 to 0.97); ≥3000 MAMSL vs <1500 MAMSL, aPR= 0.98 (95% CI: 0.87 to 1.11), when adjusting by age, gender and residence area (rural/urban). However, this association was significantly modified by age and gender (p< 0.001). Conclusion: Abdominal obesity is highly prevalent in Peru and decreases significantly with altitude, but age and gender modify this association. Thus, abdominal obesity appears to affect older women from low altitudes more than younger men from high altitudes.

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Comorbidity and healthcare use for individuals with CVD in the Ireland: a cross-sectional, population-based study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025305 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. e025305 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Karyn Morrissey

Keyword(s):

Health Service ◽

Service Use ◽

Household Survey ◽

Population Based ◽

Health Service Use ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Service Usage ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

National Household Survey ◽

Nationally Representative

ObjectiveThis study explores the factors associated with health service use for individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and comorbidity in the Ireland.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional survey.SettingNationally representative health and health service use survey from the 2010 Quarterly National Household Survey was analysed.Primary outcome measuresFour outcome variables were examined: no CVD, CVD only, CVD with CVD-related comorbidities and CVD with non-CVD-related comorbidity.ResultsOf the 791 individuals reporting doctor-diagnosed CVD, 77% had a second morbidity. Using type of healthcare coverage as a proxy for socioeconomic status, both CVD-related and non CVD-related comorbidity increases the use of health service usage substantially for individuals with CVD, particularly general practitioner services (8.47, CI 4.49 to 15.96 and 5.20, CI 2.10 to 12.84) and inpatient public hospital care (3.64, CI 2.93 to 4.51 and 3.00, CI 2.11 to 4.26).ConclusionThis study indicated that even when demographic and socioeconomic factors are controlled for, comorbidity significantly increases the risk of accessing health services for individuals with CVD.

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Measuring the Protective Effect of Health Insurance Coverage on Out-of-Pocket Expenditures During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Peruvian Population

International Journal of Health Policy and Management ◽

10.34172/ijhpm.2021.154 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Akram Hernández-Vásquez ◽

Carlos Rojas-Roque ◽

Antonio Barrenechea-Pulache ◽

Guido Bendezu-Quispe

Keyword(s):

Health Insurance ◽

Insurance Coverage ◽

Household Survey ◽

Interrupted Time Series ◽

Health Insurance Coverage ◽

Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

National Household Survey

Background: Health insurance coverage is expected to protect individuals from out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures, potentially preventing them from falling into poverty. However, to date, the effect of health insurance on OOP spending during the COVID-19 pandemic has not been fully explored. This study aimed to estimate differences in the proportion and the amount of OOP expenditures among Peruvians during the pre- and post-mandatory lockdown response to COVID-19 in 2020 according to the health insurance coverage status. Methods: This study utilized repeated cross-sectional data from the National Household Survey on Living and Poverty Conditions from the first quarter of 2017 until the fourth quarter of 2020. The outcomes were i) the proportion of individuals who incurred OOP expenditures and ii) the monetary value of OOP expenditures. An interrupted time series analysis (ITS) and a quasi-experimental difference-in-difference (DID) analysis were performed to examine the outcomes among the control (individuals without health insurance) and treatment groups (individuals with health insurance) after the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: ITS analysis showed that the proportion of individuals reporting OOP expenditures after implementation of mandatory lockdown due to COVID-19 in Peru decreased in both groups, but no difference in the slope trend was found (p=0.916). The average quarterly amount of OOP spending increased in both groups, but no difference in the slope trend was found (p=0.073). Lastly, the DID analysis showed that the mandatory lockdown was associated with a higher amount of OOP, but there was no evidence to indicate that the higher amount was different between the control and treatment groups. Conclusion: The mandatory lockdown in response to the COVID-19 was associated with a higher amount of OOP expenditures and a lower likelihood of incurring OOP expenditures. However, our findings suggest that health insurance coverage does not lower OOP expenditures or reduce the likelihood of incurring OOP expenditures.

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