Isotopically-labelled nitrogen uptake and partitioning in sweet cherry as influenced by timing of fertilizer application

Yield and quality of chestnut (Castanea mollissima) are affected by nitrogen availability; however, there are few reports on foliar and root absorption of different chemical forms of N in chestnut. To analyze the absorption characteristics of exogenous nitrogen fertilizer labeled by 15N in chestnut, nitrate and ammonium nitrogen uptake and allocation were determined in one-year-old seedlings that received soil- and foliar 15NH4NO3 and NH415NO3. We found that 29% of the nitrate and 25% of the ammonium absorbed by the leaves were translocated to the roots, while 62.01% of the nitrate and 63.27% of the ammonium absorbed by the roots were translocated to the shoots. The seedlings absorbed more nitrate nitrogen than ammonium nitrogen and their foliar N uptake was faster than their root uptake. Most of the N absorbed by the seedlings was fixed in the shoots in both foliar and soil uptake. The proportion of N fixed was greater in seedlings subjected to foliar fertilization than in those treated with soil fertilizer. Foliar fertilizer application can meet the N nutritional needs of fast-growing shoots more effectively than soil fertilizer application. However, soil fertilization was a better long-term N source than foliar fertilization. Thus, ensuring an adequate supply of nitrate N fertilizer in the soil accompanied by a commensurate increase in foliar fertilizer application can effectively meet the nutrient requirements associated with the rapid growth of chestnut seedling shoots.

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Effects of method and timing of nitrogen fertilizer application on irrigated maize growth and nutrient distribution in soil

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9840606 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 24 (127) ◽

pp. 606 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

PE Bacon ◽

JA Thompson

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Uptake ◽

Root Zone ◽

Drainage System ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Mineral Nitrogen ◽

Urea Solution ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Nutrient Distribution ◽

Maize Crop

The growth and nitrogen uptake of a maize crop (Zea mays) were studied under furrow irrigation on a red-brown earth soil. Plots receiving 120 kg N/ha as urea at sowing were compared with unfertilized plots and with plots receiving the same amount of nitrogen, as urea or aqua ammonia, added to water during three irrigations: in the first or last 2 h of three 6-h irrigations (at 20 kg N/ha.h), or continuously during three 6-h irrigations (6.7 kg N1ha.h). Dry matter accumulation and nitrogen uptake measurements made 21,36,49,84 and 150 d after emergence all revealed a consistent pattern of results. The same pattern was also evident in grain yield. Urea-fertilized plots gave higher yields (mean of the three application methods = 3.2 t/ha) than ammonia-fertilized plots (1 .8 t/ha). Application early in the irrigation was superior to application throughout irrigation (3 .2 and 2 .5 t/ha, respectively), while plots receiving nitrogen late in the irrigation gave the lowest yield (1 .8 t/ha). There was no significant (P< 0.05) difference between yield from plots receiving urea early in irrigation and that from those receiving urea at sowing. Soil nitrate-nitrogen concentrations below the hills were higher for urea treatments, suggesting greater penetration of the urea solution. In the ammonia treatments, a much higher concentration of ammonium-nitrogen was found immediately under the furrow than under the furrows of urea-fertilized plots, confirming the relatively restricted movement of ammonia into the soil. Ammonia concentration of the irrigation water fell by up to 32% over a 90 m length of furrow. This loss was ascribed to volatilization. Urea was superior to ammonia largely because it minimized mineral nitrogen retention near the soil surface and because it was not susceptible to volatilization losses. Fertilizer application early in the irrigation, during the period of high infiltration, resulted in lower retention of mineral nitrogen close to the furrow surface and away from the root zone. It also reduced the proportion of nutrient solution lost to the drainage system.

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Managing the orchard environment.

Sweet cherries ◽

10.1079/9781786398284.0236 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 236-281

Author(s):

Lynn E. Long ◽

Gregory A. Lang ◽

Clive Kaiser

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Sweet Cherry ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Weed Competition ◽

Crop Weed Competition

Abstract This chapter focuses on the importance of managing the orchard environment for a sustainable sweet cherry production, i.e. fertilizer application, irrigation and crop-weed competition, among others. The influence of some climate-related environmental factors on sweet cherry production are also discussed.

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Nitrogen Fertilization of Sugarcane in an Intercropping System with Maize and Potato in the Humid Tropical Climate of Mauritius

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479700026119 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 213-218 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

K. F. Ng Kee Kwong ◽

G. Umrit ◽

J. Deville

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Uptake ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Nitrogen Recovery ◽

Food Crops ◽

Pure Stand ◽

Nitrogen Application ◽

Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽

Labelled Nitrogen ◽

Companion Crop

SUMMARYThe competition for fertilizer nitrogen between sugarcane and a companion crop (maize or potato) grown between the sugarcane rows was studied using nitrogen-15 labelled nitrogen in three field experiments in Mauritius. The effect of the timing of nitrogen application on nitrogen recovery by sugarcane was also investigated. Not more than 15 kg ha−1 of the 120 kg ha−1 nitrogen applied to the sugarcane was taken up by the companion crop but this was compensated for by the uptake of 8 kg ha−1 nitrogen applied to maize or potato. The present recommendations for nitrogen fertilization of pure stand sugarcane were found to be applicable to sugarcane intercropped with non-leguminous food crops. Though fertilizer nitrogen uptake by sugarcane was increased by delaying nitrogen application until after the harvest of the maize and potato, this was not accompanied by an increase in sugarcane yields.

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Effect of placement of liquid and solid fertilizer on the growth and yield of potatoes

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600014945 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 71 (3) ◽

pp. 413-418 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

R. Holliday ◽

A. P. Draycott

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Nitrogen Uptake ◽

Growth Analysis ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Moisture Regime ◽

Deep Placement ◽

Seed Tubers ◽

Soil Moisture Regime

SUMMARYThree field experiments in 1963–5 compared the effects of three methods of fertilizer application, each at four rates, on the growth and yield of main-crop potatoes. Solid fertilizer was broadcast over the furrows and then concentrated round the seed tubers by splitting the ridges during machine planting. Liquid fertilizer was injected immediately after planting either 2 in below and 2 in to the side (shallow placement), or 6 in below and 2 in to the side of the seed tubers (deep placement). Solid and liquid supplied the same quantity of nutrients.In two years deep placement of liquid gave larger yields than the solid fertilizer and in all three years larger yields than shallow placement of liquid. Results from growth analysis of the 1963 crop indicated that deep placement of liquid gave the largest yield after a dry period. Growth analysis on an additional experiment in 1964 showed that when the soil moisture deficit was limited by irrigation to 1-6 in, both the yield and nitrogen uptake from shallowly and from deeply placed liquids were similar. However, without irrigation deep placement gave a larger yield and nitrogen uptake than shallow placement. An artificial 'dry climate' emphasized that the magnitude of the response to deep placement was related to the soil-moisture regime. It is concluded that the deepplaced fertilizer was in a region of the soil which remained moist, whereas the shallower fertilizer was in drier soil where it was less available to the potato roots.

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Residual effect of pig slurry on common carpet grass pasture

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v21n6p374-378 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

pp. 374-378

Author(s):

Daiane C. K. Albuquerque ◽

Simone M. Scheffer-Basso ◽

Pedro A. V. Escosteguy ◽

Karen D. Brustolin-Golin ◽

Valdirene Zabot ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Uptake ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Residual Effect ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Residual Effects ◽

Organic N ◽

Pig Slurry ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

Gradual Release

ABSTRACT This study investigated the residual effects of pig slurry (PS) applied to common carpet grass pasture (Axonopus affinis) for two years (September 2008-March 2010) on dry matter yield and forage-nitrogen uptake from October 2010-May 2011. A field experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The treatments were 102, 204, 306, 408, and 510 m3 ha-1 pig slurry applied for two years; one mineral nitrogen rate (1,250 kg ha-1 ammonium nitrate) for two years; and no nitrogen fertilization (control). The pasture was cut at intervals of 48, 34, 43 and 69 days, which corresponded to 266, 300, 343, and 412 days after the last fertilizer application, respectively. Dry matter yield increased by 398 kg ha-1 for each 100 m3 of PS applied, the equivalent of 317 and 564 kg ha-1 for each 100 kg ha-1 of inorganic and organic N applied, respectively. The residual effect of PS on dry matter yield and forage-nitrogen uptake ranged from 11-45% and 8-40%, respectively, indicating a gradual release and availability of N in PS, which can help reduce the amounts of nitrogen applied to pasture.

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Effects of straw incorporation on the yield, nitrogen fertilizer and insecticide requirements of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris)

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600068799 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 118 (2) ◽

pp. 199-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

M. F. Allison ◽

K. W. Jaggard ◽

P. J. Last

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Uptake ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Sugar Yield ◽

Population Densities ◽

Pests And Diseases ◽

Soil Pests ◽

Straw Incorporation ◽

One Year

SUMMARYIncorporation of large amounts of straw (8–15 t/ha dry matter) into the soil had no effect on the incidence of soil pests and diseases or sugarbeet seedling population densities in experiments performed over three seasons (1984/85 to 1986/87) in Suffolk. Straw incorporation had no effect on sugar yield at the recommended rate of nitrogen fertilizer application, but the sugar yield and nitrogen uptake were reduced in one year by the incorporation of straw when the rate of applied nitrogen was low. It is probable that incorporating straw reduced the amount of nitrogen leached over the winter; however, the longer-term implications of straw incorporation remain to be assessed.

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