Effects of low and high red to far-red light ratio on tomato plant morphology and performance of four arthropod herbivores

Development and characterization of hybrid hydrogels loaded with methylene blue, which are designed to apply for photodynamic therapy, are presented. Hybrid hydrogels were synthesized by grafting polyacrylamide onto dextran/dextran sulfate sodium salt using N, N′-methylene-bis-acrylamide as a cross-linker. The differences in microstructure of synthesized hydrogels were proved by scanning electron microscopy. FTIR spectra testify that the chemical nature of hydrogel components affects the hydrogel hydrophilicity. The swelling properties of hydrogels in water and absorption/desorption hydrogels’ ability towards methylene blue were studied. It was shown that dye sorption was dependent on the hydrogel type. The hydrogel based on dextran and polyacrylamide revealed the highest ability to release absorbed dye. The bactericidal effect of this hydrogel loaded with methylene blue and activated by red light in suspension and solid medium of S. aureus was tested. The increase of bactericidal activity of hybrid hydrogel was dependent on radiation doses.

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Effects of different monochromatic LED light colours on fear reactions and physiological responses in Mulard ducks

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an15249 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 57 (6) ◽

pp. 1128 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Radi A. Mohamed ◽

Usama A. Abou-Ismail ◽

Mustafa Shukry

Keyword(s):

Tonic Immobility ◽

Leukocyte Count ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Red Light ◽

Monochromatic Light ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Green Light ◽

Total Leukocyte Count ◽

Physiological Indicators ◽

And Performance

Although the effects of monochromatic light on behaviour and performance of birds have been extensively studied, it is not known how rearing Mulard ducks in different monochromatic lights affects their fear reactions, physiological responses to stress and welfare. A total of 108 newly hatched Mulard ducks, representing three replicates, were housed in either blue light (BL), green light (GL), red light (RL) or white light (WL) for 12 weeks. Ducks were exposed to a light/dark schedule of 23 L/1 D, and food and water were provided ad libitum. At the beginning of the 13th week of the rearing period, behavioural measurements of fear were assessed by using a tonic immobility test, open field test and fear of man test. Physiological responses of the birds to stress such as heterophil : lymphocyte ratio, total leukocyte count and plasma concentrations of corticosterone were also assessed. Results demonstrated that birds exposed to both RL and WL displayed higher levels of behavioural indicators of fear including tonic immobility durations (P < 0.01), latency to first immobilisation (P < 0.001) and avoidance of man index (P < 0.001), and higher levels of physiological indicators of stress such as heterophil : lymphocyte ratios (P < 0.001) and plasmas concentrations of corticosterone (P < 0.001), and lower total leukocytic counts (P < 0.01) compared with birds exposed to either BL or GL. Rearing Mulard ducks in BL or GL appeared to reduce their fear reactions and physiological responses to stress and to enhance their ability to cope with the environment and may therefore improve their welfare.

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Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections and performance of STI syndromes against aetiological diagnosis, in female sex workers of red light area in Surat, India

Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽

10.1136/sti.79.2.111 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 79 (2) ◽

pp. 111-115 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

V K Desai

Keyword(s):

Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽

Sex Workers ◽

Female Sex Workers ◽

Red Light ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Female Sex ◽

Light Area ◽

And Performance ◽

Aetiological Diagnosis

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Red-light is an environmental effector for mutualism between begomovirus and its vector whitefly

PLoS Pathogens ◽

10.1371/journal.ppat.1008770 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. e1008770

Author(s):

Pingzhi Zhao ◽

Xuan Zhang ◽

Yuqing Gong ◽

Duan Wang ◽

Dongqing Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Defenses ◽

Red Light ◽

Control Plant ◽

Light Condition ◽

Terpene Synthase ◽

Insect Vector ◽

Viral Pathogen ◽

Jasmonate Signaling ◽

Mutualistic Relationship ◽

And Performance

Environments such as light condition influence the spread of infectious diseases by affecting insect vector behavior. However, whether and how light affects the host defense which further affects insect preference and performance, remains unclear, nor has been demonstrated how pathogens co-adapt light condition to facilitate vector transmission. We previously showed that begomoviral βC1 inhibits MYC2-mediated jasmonate signaling to establish plant-dependent mutualism with its insect vector. Here we show red-light as an environmental catalyzer to promote mutualism of whitefly-begomovirus by stabilizing βC1, which interacts with PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORS (PIFs) transcription factors. PIFs positively control plant defenses against whitefly by directly binding to the promoter of terpene synthase genes and promoting their transcription. Moreover, PIFs interact with MYC2 to integrate light and jasmonate signaling and regulate the transcription of terpene synthase genes. However, begomovirus encoded βC1 inhibits PIFs’ and MYC2’ transcriptional activity via disturbing their dimerization, thereby impairing plant defenses against whitefly-transmitted begomoviruses. Our results thus describe how a viral pathogen hijacks host external and internal signaling to enhance the mutualistic relationship with its insect vector.

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A Multifaceted Action of Phytochrome B in Plant Environmental Adaptation

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.659712 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Jae Young Kim ◽

June-Hee Lee ◽

Chung-Mo Park

Keyword(s):

Red Light ◽

Environmental Adaptation ◽

Signaling Cascades ◽

Adaptive Behaviors ◽

Environmental Cues ◽

Plant Responses ◽

Light Illumination ◽

Light Responses ◽

And Performance

Light acts as a vital external cue that conveys surrounding information into plant growth and performance to facilitate plants to coordinate with changing environmental conditions. Upon exposure to light illumination, plants trigger a burst of molecular and physiological signaling cascades that induces not only photomorphogenic responses but also diverse adaptive behaviors. Notably, light responses and photomorphogenic traits are often associated with plant responses to other environmental cues, such as heat, cold, drought, and herbivore and pathogen attack. Growing evidence in recent years demonstrate that the red/far-red light-absorbing phytochrome (phy) photoreceptors, in particular phyB, play an essential role in plant adaptation responses to abiotic and biotic tensions by serving as a key mediator of information flow. It is also remarkable that phyB mediates the plant priming responses to numerous environmental challenges. In this minireview, we highlight recent advances on the multifaceted role of phyB during plant environmental adaptation. We also discuss the biological relevance and efficiency of the phy-mediated adaptive behaviors in potentially reducing fitness costs under unfavorable environments.

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Red light deters female adults of the melon thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis from the tomato plant

Annual Report of The Kansai Plant Protection Society ◽

10.4165/kapps.59.93 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 59 (0) ◽

pp. 93-95 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mika Murata ◽

Takahiko Hariyama ◽

Yumi Yamahama ◽

Mina Toyama ◽

Izumi Ohta

Keyword(s):

Tomato Plant ◽

Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽

Red Light ◽

Melon Thrips

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Lighting in Submarines

Journal of The Royal Naval Medical Service ◽

10.1136/jrnms-74-78 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 74 (2) ◽

pp. 78-85

Author(s):

D. C. Brown

Keyword(s):

Red Light ◽

The United States ◽

Research Literature ◽

Second World War ◽

Control Room ◽

Night Time ◽

Control Rooms ◽

And Performance ◽

Night Illumination ◽

Second World

AbstractSince the Second World War, the standard night-time illumination in RN submarine control rooms and adjacent spaces has been red lighting, because of its perceived advantage in dark adaption. Red light is, however, unpopular and has been shown to be detrimental to the performance of other control room tasks. In recent years evidence has emerged from the United States and other Navies that the advantage of red lighting over white lighting in terms of dark adaptation is insignificant at very low intensities. In this paper the research literature is reviewed and the findings related to current lighting practice in RN submarines. At the low levels of control room night illumination, there is minimal practical difference in the time taken for the periscope operator to dark adapt between red and white lighting. In view of the benefits to morale and performance offered by low level white lighting, it should replace red lighting for night use in submarine control rooms.

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Sustained effects of prior red light on pupil diameter and vigilance during subsequent darkness

Proceedings of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.2018.0989 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 285 (1883) ◽

pp. 20180989 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Wisse P. van der Meijden ◽

Bart H. W. te Lindert ◽

Jennifer R. Ramautar ◽

Yishul Wei ◽

Joris E. Coppens ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Light Exposure ◽

Red Light ◽

Sleep Onset ◽

Response Speed ◽

Vigilance Task ◽

Environmental Light ◽

Sustained Effects ◽

And Performance ◽

Wavelength Light

Environmental light can exert potent effects on physiology and behaviour, including pupil size, vigilance and sleep. Previous work showed that these non-image forming effects can last long beyond discontinuation of short -wavelength light exposure. The possible functional effects after switching off long -wavelength light, however, have been insufficiently characterized. In a series of controlled experiments in healthy adult volunteers, we evaluated the effects of five minutes of intense red light on physiology and performance during subsequent darkness. As compared to prior darkness, prior red light induced a subsequent sustained pupil dilation. Prior red light also increased subsequent heart rate and heart rate variability when subjects were asked to perform a sustained vigilance task during the dark exposure. While these changes suggest an increase in the mental effort required for the task, it could not prevent a post-red slowing of response speed. The suggestion that exposure to intense red light affects vigilance during subsequent darkness, was confirmed in a controlled polysomnographic study that indeed showed a post-red facilitation of sleep onset. Our findings suggest the possibility of using red light as a nightcap.

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