Corrigendum to “Rainfall and tillage effects on transport of fecal bacteria and sex hormones 17β-estradiol and testosterone from broiler litter applications to a Georgia Piedmont Ultisol” [Science of the Total Environment 403 (2008) 154–163]

Sex hormones play an essential role in sexual differentiation, maintenance of sexual characteristics, gamete maturation, and mating behavior. However, very little is known about their dynamics in molluscs. We conducted a study on sex hormone (17β-estradiol, testosterone, and progesterone) concentrations in male and female Strombus pugilis to identify their variations at different gonadal stages. A total of 90 organisms (30 per month) were collected in February, September, and November 2016. The gonadal digestive gland complex of each specimen was dissected and divided into two sections. One section was set in alcoholic Bouin's fluid and processed with classic histological techniques; the second was macerated with 80% ethanol to extract steroids and analyzed by enzyme immunoassays. Histological section analysis was used to classify gonadal development into three stages: gametogenesis, mature, and undifferentiated. Mature females were observed in September. Testosterone and 17β-estradiol concentrations in both sexes were highest in the mature stage. In S. pugilis, 17β-estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone were all present, with higher concentrations associated with reproductive activity.

Download Full-text

Progress in solving the sex hormone paradox in pulmonary hypertension

AJP Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajplung.00337.2013 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 307 (1) ◽

pp. L7-L26 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

Tim Lahm ◽

Rubin M. Tuder ◽

Irina Petrache

Keyword(s):

Animal Models ◽

Sex Hormones ◽

Sex Hormone ◽

Future Research ◽

Estrogen Metabolism ◽

Hormone Synthesis ◽

17Β Estradiol ◽

Pulmonary Arterial ◽

And Gender ◽

Underlying Mechanisms

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating and progressive disease with marked morbidity and mortality. Even though being female represents one of the most powerful risk factors for PAH, multiple questions about the underlying mechanisms remain, and two “estrogen paradoxes” in PAH exist. First, it is puzzling why estrogens have been found to be protective in various animal models of PAH, whereas PAH registries uniformly demonstrate a female susceptibility to the disease. Second, despite the pronounced tendency for the disease to develop in women, female PAH patients exhibit better survival than men. Recent mechanistic studies in classical and in novel animal models of PAH, as well as recent studies in PAH patients, have significantly advanced the field. In particular, it is now accepted that estrogen metabolism and receptor signaling, as well as estrogen interactions with key pathways in PAH development, appear to be potent disease modifiers. A better understanding of these interactions may lead to novel PAH therapies. It is the purpose of this review to 1) review sex hormone synthesis, metabolism, and receptor physiology; 2) assess the context in which sex hormones affect PAH pathogenesis; 3) provide a potential explanation for the observed estrogen paradoxes and gender differences in PAH; and 4) identify knowledge gaps and future research opportunities. Because the majority of published studies investigated 17β-estradiol and/or its metabolites, this review will primarily focus on pulmonary vascular and right ventricular effects of estrogens. Data for other sex hormones will be discussed very briefly.

Download Full-text

Amygdala in the regulation of reproductive functions during absence epilepsy

10.12737/monography_59fc4bd4451037.74493919 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Индира Садртдинова ◽

Indira Sadrtdinova ◽

Зухра Хисматуллина ◽

Zuhra Hismatullina

Keyword(s):

Sex Hormones ◽

Absence Epilepsy ◽

Female Rats ◽

Ultrastructural Changes ◽

Amygdaloid Body ◽

Reactive Changes ◽

Cortical Nucleus ◽

17Β Estradiol ◽

First Time ◽

The Brain

The monograph deals with the problems of general morphology of the amygdaloid body and for the first time the assessment of structural and functional changes in the anterior cortical nucleus of the amygdaloid body of the brain of WAG/Rij female rats (the recognized model of man’s absence epilepsy) in response to the modulating influence of sex hormones is made by means of a modern complex of research methods (electrophysiological, morphometric, histologic, immunohistochemical, submicroscopical and statistical ones). The changes in the electroencephalographic parameters of the anterior cortical nucleus, the reactive changes in neurons, glial anterior cortical nuclei of the amygdaloid body of the brain of WAG/Rij female rats at sex hormones deficiency and after the substitution therapy with 17β-estradiol in combination with progesterone are described in detail. The results of immunohistochemical analysis of astrocytic glia, of the analysis of synapsoarchitectonics and ultrastructural changes in neurons, glial cells, neuropil of the anterior cortical nucleus of the amygdaloid body of WAG / Rij rats at experimentally caused sex hormone deficiency and on the background of exogenous injection of 17β-estradiol in combination with progesterone into ovariectomized female rats are presented for the first time. The obtained new data on the morphofunctional features of the anterior cortical nucleus of the amygdaloid body of the brain significantly expand the notion of reactive changes in the anterior cortical nucleus at different levels of sex hormones and can be used by researchers of various profiles in studying this structure of the brain. The monograph is intended for neurobiologists of various specialities (neuromorphologists, neurophysiologists, neuroendocrinologists, neurochemists, etc.) engaged in the research of the amygdaloid body and the limbic system of the brain.

Download Full-text

17β-Estradiol Dysregulates Innate Immune Responses to Pseudomonas aeruginosa Respiratory Infection and Is Modulated by Estrogen Receptor Antagonism

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.00422-17 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 85 (10) ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Shadaan Abid ◽

ShangKui Xie ◽

Moumita Bose ◽

Philip W. Shaul ◽

Lance S. Terada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Estrogen Receptor ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Sex Hormones ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Content Type ◽

Female Mice ◽

17Β Estradiol ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACT Females have a more severe clinical course than males in terms of several inflammatory lung conditions. Notably, females with cystic fibrosis (CF) suffer worse outcomes, particularly in the setting of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Sex hormones have been implicated in experimental and clinical studies; however, immune mechanisms responsible for this sex-based disparity are unknown and the specific sex hormone target for therapeutic manipulation has not been identified. The objective of this study was to assess mechanisms behind the impact of female sex hormones on host immune responses to P. aeruginosa. We used wild-type and CF mice, which we hormone manipulated, inoculated with P. aeruginosa, and then examined for outcomes and inflammatory responses. Neutrophils isolated from mice and human subjects were tested for responses to P. aeruginosa. We found that female mice inoculated with P. aeruginosa died earlier and showed slower bacterial clearance than males (P < 0.0001). Ovariectomized females supplemented with 17β-estradiol succumbed to P. aeruginosa challenge earlier than progesterone- or vehicle-supplemented mice (P = 0.0003). 17β-Estradiol-treated ovariectomized female mice demonstrated increased lung levels of inflammatory cytokines, and when rendered neutropenic the mortality difference was abrogated. Neutrophils treated with 17β-estradiol demonstrated an enhanced oxidative burst but decreased P. aeruginosa killing and earlier cell necrosis. The estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist ICI 182,780 improved survival in female mice infected with P. aeruginosa and restored neutrophil function. We concluded that ER antagonism rescues estrogen-mediated neutrophil dysfunction and improves survival in response to P. aeruginosa. ER-mediated processes may explain the sex-based mortality gap in CF and other inflammatory lung illnesses, and the ER blockade represents a rational therapeutic strategy.

Download Full-text

Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Eliminates Sex Differences in Estradiol-Induced Elastin Production from Engineered Dermal Substitutes

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22126358 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (12) ◽

pp. 6358

Author(s):

Andreja Moset Zupan ◽

Carolyn Nietupski ◽

Stacey C. Schutte

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Sex Hormones ◽

Elastic Fibers ◽

Skin Substitutes ◽

Estradiol Treatment ◽

Male And Female ◽

Female Sex ◽

Dermal Substitutes ◽

Female Sex Hormones ◽

17Β Estradiol

Lack of adult cells’ ability to produce sufficient amounts of elastin and assemble functional elastic fibers is an issue for creating skin substitutes that closely match native skin properties. The effects of female sex hormones, primarily estrogen, have been studied due to the known effects on elastin post-menopause, thus have primarily included older mostly female populations. In this study, we examined the effects of female sex hormones on the synthesis of elastin by female and male human dermal fibroblasts in engineered dermal substitutes. Differences between the sexes were observed with 17β-estradiol treatment alone stimulating elastin synthesis in female substitutes but not male. TGF-β levels were significantly higher in male dermal substitutes than female dermal substitutes and the levels did not change with 17β-estradiol treatment. The male dermal substitutes had a 1.5-fold increase in cAMP concentration in the presence of 17β-estradiol compared to no hormone controls, while cAMP concentrations remained constant in the female substitutes. When cAMP was added in addition to 17β-estradiol and progesterone in the culture medium, the sex differences were eliminated, and elastin synthesis was upregulated by 2-fold in both male and female dermal substitutes. These conditions alone did not result in functionally significant amounts of elastin or complete elastic fibers. The findings presented provide insights into differences between male and female cells in response to female sex steroid hormones and the involvement of the cAMP pathway in elastin synthesis. Further explorations into the signaling pathways may identify better targets to promote elastic fiber synthesis in skin substitutes.

Download Full-text

Litter Type and Number of Flocks Affect Sex Hormones in Broiler Litter

Journal of Environmental Quality ◽

10.2134/jeq2017.08.0301 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 156-161 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. L. Cabrera ◽

D. E. Kissel ◽

S. Hassan ◽

J. A. Rema ◽

K. Cassity-Duffey

Keyword(s):

Sex Hormones ◽

Litter Type ◽

Broiler Litter

Download Full-text

Deiodinase type 1 activity is expressed in the prostate of pubescent rats and is modulated by thyroid hormones, prolactin and sex hormones

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.1.06786 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 190 (2) ◽

pp. 363-371 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Brenda Anguiano ◽

Alejandra López ◽

Guadalupe Delgado ◽

Carlos Romero ◽

Carmen Aceves

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Hormones ◽

Enzymatic Activity ◽

Mrna Expression ◽

Sex Hormones ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Preferential Expression ◽

Gold Thioglucose ◽

17Β Estradiol

The aim of this study was to characterize the type of 5′-deiodinase activity in the prostate of pubescent rats (7–8 weeks), to establish its distribution in the lobes (ventral, dorsolateral, and anterior), and to analyze its modulation by prolactin (PRL), testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and 17β-estradiol (E2). Our results showed that the enzymatic activity was highly susceptible to inhibition by 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil and gold thioglucose, its preferential substrate was reverse tri-iodothyronine (rT3), it exhibited a low dithiothreitol requirement (5 mM), and the apparent Km and Vmax values for substrate (rT3) were approximately 0.25 μM and 9.0 pmol liberated/mg protein per hour, respectively. All these characteristics indicate the preferential expression of type 1 deiodinase (D1), which was corroborated by demonstrating the presence of D1 mRNA in prostate. D1 activity was detected in all lobes and was most abundant in the dorsolateral. Although we detected type 2 deiodinase (D2) mRNA expression, the D2 activity was almost undetectable. D1 activity was enhanced in animals with hyperthyroidism and hyperprolactinemia, in intact animals treated with finasteride (inhibitor of local DHT production), and in castrated animals with E2 replacement. In contrast, activity diminished in castrated animals with testosterone replacement. Our results suggest that thyroid hormones, PRL, and E2 exert a positive modulation on D1 activity, while testosterone and DHT exhibit an inhibitory effect. D1 activity may be associated with prostate maturation and/or function.

Download Full-text