Sex hormones in Strombus pugilis (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in different gonadal stages

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 679-694
Author(s):  
Fabiola Chong Sánchez ◽  
Martha Enríquez Díaz ◽  
Dalila Aldana Aranda
Keyword(s):  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Histological Section ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Histological Techniques ◽  
Sexual Characteristics ◽  
17Β Estradiol ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Section Analysis

Sex hormones play an essential role in sexual differentiation, maintenance of sexual characteristics, gamete maturation, and mating behavior. However, very little is known about their dynamics in molluscs. We conducted a study on sex hormone (17β-estradiol, testosterone, and progesterone) concentrations in male and female Strombus pugilis to identify their variations at different gonadal stages. A total of 90 organisms (30 per month) were collected in February, September, and November 2016. The gonadal digestive gland complex of each specimen was dissected and divided into two sections. One section was set in alcoholic Bouin's fluid and processed with classic histological techniques; the second was macerated with 80% ethanol to extract steroids and analyzed by enzyme immunoassays. Histological section analysis was used to classify gonadal development into three stages: gametogenesis, mature, and undifferentiated. Mature females were observed in September. Testosterone and 17β-estradiol concentrations in both sexes were highest in the mature stage. In S. pugilis, 17β-estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone were all present, with higher concentrations associated with reproductive activity.

Reproductive failure of the red shiner (Cyprinella lutrensis) after exposure to an exogenous estrogen

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 1730-1743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle M. McGree ◽  
Dana L. Winkelman ◽  
Nicole  K.M.  Vieira ◽  
Alan  M.  Vajda
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Secondary Sexual Characteristics ◽  
Cyprinella Lutrensis ◽  
The Us ◽  
Sexual Characteristics ◽  
Solvent Control ◽  
17Β Estradiol

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have been detected in surface waters worldwide and can lead to developmental and reproductive disruption in exposed fishes. In the US Great Plains, EDCs are impacting streams and rivers and may be causing adverse reproductive effects. To examine how estrogenic EDCs might affect reproductive success of plains fishes, we experimentally exposed male red shiners ( Cyprinella lutrensis ) to exogenous 17β-estradiol. We characterized the effects of estradiol on male gonadal histology and secondary sexual characteristics, determined whether exposure reduced reproductive success, and examined the effects of depuration. Adults were exposed to a mean concentration of 70 ng·L−1 estradiol, a solvent control, or a water control for at least 83 days. Male exposure to estradiol resulted in elevated plasma vitellogenin concentrations, changes in spermatogenesis, reduced mating coloration and tubercles, altered mating behaviors, and reduced reproductive success with no viable progeny produced. Reproductive endpoints improved upon depuration (28 days). Exposure to estradiol had significant adverse effects on red shiners, indicating that wild populations may face developmental and reproductive difficulties if they are chronically exposed to estradiol.

Determination of Sexual Maturation Stages of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Captured at Sea

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Idler ◽  
S. J. Hwang ◽  
L. W. Crim ◽  
D. Reddin
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Female Fish ◽  
Histological Techniques ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Placentia Bay

Radioimmunoassay (RIA) of plasma vitellogenin (Vg), estradiol (E2), 11-ketotestosterone (11-keto), and gonadotropin (GtH), together with histological techniques were evaluated for determination of the maturation stage of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) at sea.Male salmon had lower plasma Vg, E2, and higher 11-keto levels and could be distinguished from females several months in advance of spawning. Six female salmon were tagged at sea in 1975 in Placentia Bay and samples of blood taken. When the fish were recovered in rivers the lowest plasma Vg value was 396 μg/mL. This formed the basis of a working hypothesis, that fish with Vg values in excess of 396 μg/mL (~5–6 mo before spawning) will spawn in the year of capture. This hypothesis was supported by the Vg values of an additional 19 tagged females recaptured in Newfoundland and mainland rivers and brackish water off mainland rivers in 1976.Significant correlations between stage of gonadal development and plasma Vg, stage of gonadal development and gonadosomatic index (GSI), stage of gonadal development and plasma E2, plasma Vg and plasma E2, GSI and plasma E2, and between plasma Vg and 11-keto values were found for the female fish. The gonadal development of female fish from Bonavista Bay ranged between oil globule stage and secondary yolk stage. All those females which had reached the primary yolk stage would almost certainly mature and may be considered spawners of the year; on this basis 91% of the females were spawners of the year. Based on the minimum plasma Vg values, at sea, for fish which subsequently returned to the rivers, there were 86% spawners of the year among female salmon taken in Bonavista Bay. Based on plasma Vg levels, spawners of the year ranged from essentially zero in Greenland (fish captured in Greenland during August–November are not spawners of the year, except for the very few that spawn in one Greenland river) to 100% for fish caught in several other fisheries.11-Ketotestosterone was higher in the male fish than in the female fish and there was a correlation between GSI and 11-keto for male fish.The plasma GtH content of fish taken in the sea was extremely low as measured by RIA.Key words: salmon, maturation, migration, radioimmunoassay, vitellogenin, estradiol, gonadotropin, 11-ketotestosterone, histology, gonadosomatic index

Progress in solving the sex hormone paradox in pulmonary hypertension

2014 ◽  
Vol 307 (1) ◽  
pp. L7-L26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Lahm ◽  
Rubin M. Tuder ◽  
Irina Petrache
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Estrogen Metabolism ◽  
Hormone Synthesis ◽  
17Β Estradiol ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating and progressive disease with marked morbidity and mortality. Even though being female represents one of the most powerful risk factors for PAH, multiple questions about the underlying mechanisms remain, and two “estrogen paradoxes” in PAH exist. First, it is puzzling why estrogens have been found to be protective in various animal models of PAH, whereas PAH registries uniformly demonstrate a female susceptibility to the disease. Second, despite the pronounced tendency for the disease to develop in women, female PAH patients exhibit better survival than men. Recent mechanistic studies in classical and in novel animal models of PAH, as well as recent studies in PAH patients, have significantly advanced the field. In particular, it is now accepted that estrogen metabolism and receptor signaling, as well as estrogen interactions with key pathways in PAH development, appear to be potent disease modifiers. A better understanding of these interactions may lead to novel PAH therapies. It is the purpose of this review to 1) review sex hormone synthesis, metabolism, and receptor physiology; 2) assess the context in which sex hormones affect PAH pathogenesis; 3) provide a potential explanation for the observed estrogen paradoxes and gender differences in PAH; and 4) identify knowledge gaps and future research opportunities. Because the majority of published studies investigated 17β-estradiol and/or its metabolites, this review will primarily focus on pulmonary vascular and right ventricular effects of estrogens. Data for other sex hormones will be discussed very briefly.

scholarly journals Comparative transcriptomic analysis of gonadal development and renewal in the ovoviviparous black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii)

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianshuang Li ◽  
Likang Lyu ◽  
Haishen Wen ◽  
Yun Li ◽  
Xiaojie Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Reproductive Pattern ◽  
Cell Renewal ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Intercellular Interaction ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Black Rockfish ◽  
Sebastes Schlegelii

Abstract Background The black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) has an ovoviviparous reproductive pattern and long-term sperm storage, resulting in asynchronous gonadal development between the sexes. However, the comprehensive understanding of gonadal development in black rockfish has not yet been achieved. Here, we studied gonadal development and germ cell renewal using histology and RNA-seq. Results In this study, RNA-seq was performed on testes and ovaries to characterize key pathways and genes that are active during development and gamete maturation in black rockfish. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and annotated in 4 comparisons (F_III vs. F_IV, F_IV vs. F_V, M_III vs. M_IV and M_IV vs. M_V). Based on analysis of DEGs enriched in the testis, 11 and 14 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were mapped to the M_III vs. M_IV group and the M_IV vs. M_V group, respectively. DEGs in ovarian development were also classified into 10 groups according to their biological functions. The expression patterns of the selected genes determined by qPCR were significantly correlated with the RNA-Seq results, supporting the reliability and accuracy of the RNA-Seq analysis. E2 levels showed down regulation from previtellogenesis to mature stage in female and T level showed down regulation from spermatogenesis to regressed stage in the male. Conclusions The categories “intercellular interaction and cytoskeleton”, “molecule amplification” and “repair in the cell cycle” were revealed to be crucial in testis development and spermatogenesis, as was the biosynthesis of a series of metabolites. Our results provide comprehensive insight into black rockfish gonadal development and provide a basis for further study of reproductive physiology and molecular biology in ovoviviparity teleosts.

scholarly journals Vitamin D as a regulator of steroidogenic enzymes

F1000Research ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Lundqvist
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Steroidogenic Enzymes ◽  
Adrenal Steroid ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sexual Characteristics

During the last decades, the outlook on vitamin D has widened, from being a vitamin solely involved in bone metabolism and calcium homeostasis, to being a multifunctional hormone known to affect a broad range of physiological processes. The aim of this review is to summarize the research on vitamin D as a regulator of steroidogenic enzymes. Steroid hormones exert a wide range of physiological responses, including functions in the immune system, protein and carbohydrate metabolism, water and salt balance, reproductive system and development of sexual characteristics. The balance of sex hormones is also of importance in the context of breast and prostate cancer. Steroid hormones are synthesized in steroidogenic tissues such as the adrenal cortex, breast, ovaries, prostate and testis, either from cholesterol or from steroidogenic precursors secreted from other steroidogenic tissues. The hormonally active form of vitamin D has been reported to act as a regulator of a number of enzymes involved in the regulation of steroid hormon production, and thereby the production of both adrenal steroid hormones and sex hormones. The research reviewed in the article has in large part been performed in cell culture based experiments and laboratory animal experiments, and the physiological role of the vitamin D mediated regulation of steroidogenic enzyme need to be further investigated.

Conservation, Ecology, and Management of Catfish: The Second International Symposium

2011 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Wild Fish ◽  
Spawning Season ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Anterior Portion ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
17Β Estradiol ◽  
Epaxial Muscles

<em>Abstract</em>.—Captive spawning is a strategy to bolster populations of rare madtoms <em>Noturus</em> spp., but very little is known regarding their reproductive development in captivity. The primary goal of this research was to develop methods to stimulate gonadal maturation of captive madtoms. We used the nonimperiled margined madtom <em>N. insignis</em> as a model species to investigate the effects of photothermal regimes on gonadal development and reproductive hormones. We also evaluated testicular development of madtoms injected with common carp <em>Cyprinus carpio</em> pituitary extract (CPE). Changing photoperiod, but not temperature, was required to induce oocyte maturation in a high percentage of captive female margined madtoms. Gonadosomatic index (GSI) values of captive females were similar to those of gravid wild fish collected during or just prior to the spawning season with the time to maturation of oocytes shortened by as much as 3 months. Many of the captive males developed large, square-shaped heads with swollen cephalic epaxial muscles as spawning conditions approached, but their GSI values were not different from those of fish sampled at other times of the year. Injections of CPE increased the GSI value and vascularization of testes but not the number of spermatozoa. In general, sperm production in mature male madtoms was enigmatic in captive and wild fish, inasmuch as motile sperm were observed only once. The heads of margined madtom spermatozoa are slightly ovate (4.3 0.2 μm long and 3.6 0.2 μm wide). The tails are centrally attached to the head and are more than 112.5 μm long. A pronounced, collar-like midpiece encircles the posterior portion of the head and anterior portion of the tail. Plasma testosterone concentrations in males peaked just prior to the spawning season at 6.5 ng/mL, but levels were not correlated with male GSI values. Plasma 17β-estradiol levels in females peaked just prior to the spawning season at 15 ng/mL and were correlated with gonadosomatic values.

Amygdala in the regulation of reproductive functions during absence epilepsy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Индира Садртдинова ◽  
Indira Sadrtdinova ◽  
Зухра Хисматуллина ◽  
Zuhra Hismatullina
Keyword(s):  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Absence Epilepsy ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Amygdaloid Body ◽  
Reactive Changes ◽  
Cortical Nucleus ◽  
17Β Estradiol ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Brain

The monograph deals with the problems of general morphology of the amygdaloid body and for the first time the assessment of structural and functional changes in the anterior cortical nucleus of the amygdaloid body of the brain of WAG/Rij female rats (the recognized model of man’s absence epilepsy) in response to the modulating influence of sex hormones is made by means of a modern complex of research methods (electrophysiological, morphometric, histologic, immunohistochemical, submicroscopical and statistical ones). The changes in the electroencephalographic parameters of the anterior cortical nucleus, the reactive changes in neurons, glial anterior cortical nuclei of the amygdaloid body of the brain of WAG/Rij female rats at sex hormones deficiency and after the substitution therapy with 17β-estradiol in combination with progesterone are described in detail. The results of immunohistochemical analysis of astrocytic glia, of the analysis of synapsoarchitectonics and ultrastructural changes in neurons, glial cells, neuropil of the anterior cortical nucleus of the amygdaloid body of WAG / Rij rats at experimentally caused sex hormone deficiency and on the background of exogenous injection of 17β-estradiol in combination with progesterone into ovariectomized female rats are presented for the first time. The obtained new data on the morphofunctional features of the anterior cortical nucleus of the amygdaloid body of the brain significantly expand the notion of reactive changes in the anterior cortical nucleus at different levels of sex hormones and can be used by researchers of various profiles in studying this structure of the brain. The monograph is intended for neurobiologists of various specialities (neuromorphologists, neurophysiologists, neuroendocrinologists, neurochemists, etc.) engaged in the research of the amygdaloid body and the limbic system of the brain.

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