Non-fermentative gram-negative bacteria in hospital tap water and water used for haemodialysis and bronchoscope flushing: Prevalence and distribution of antibiotic resistant strains

2014 ◽  
Vol 499 ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Vincenti ◽  
Gianluigi Quaranta ◽  
Concetta De Meo ◽  
Stefania Bruno ◽  
Maria Giovanna Ficarra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Resistant Strains

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance of Gram-Negative Bacteria from Wild Captured Loggerhead Sea Turtles

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Francesca Blasi ◽  
Luciana Migliore ◽  
Daniela Mattei ◽  
Alice Rotini ◽  
Maria Cristina Thaller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Sea Turtles ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Loggerhead Sea Turtles ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
Resistant Strains

Sea turtles have been proposed as health indicators of marine habitats and carriers of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains, for their longevity and migratory lifestyle. Up to now, a few studies evaluated the antibacterial resistant flora of Mediterranean loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) and most of them were carried out on stranded or recovered animals. In this study, the isolation and the antibiotic resistance profile of 90 Gram negative bacteria from cloacal swabs of 33 Mediterranean wild captured loggerhead sea turtles are described. Among sea turtles found in their foraging sites, 23 were in good health and 10 needed recovery for different health problems (hereafter named weak). Isolated cloacal bacteria belonged mainly to Enterobacteriaceae (59%), Shewanellaceae (31%) and Vibrionaceae families (5%). Although slight differences in the bacterial composition, healthy and weak sea turtles shared antibiotic-resistant strains. In total, 74 strains were endowed with one or multi resistance (up to five different drugs) phenotypes, mainly towards ampicillin (~70%) or sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (more than 30%). Hence, our results confirmed the presence of antibiotic-resistant strains also in healthy marine animals and the role of the loggerhead sea turtles in spreading antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals Nosocomial klebsiellas: I. Colonization of hospitalized patients

1979 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Haverkorn ◽  
M. F. Michel
Keyword(s):  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Survey Period ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Epidemiological Tool ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains ◽  
Systemic Antibiotics

SUMMARYThe colonization of patients byKlebsiellaand several other gram-negative bacteria was studied in a hospital urological ward over a period of six months. Before and during the survey there was no evidence of an outbreak of nosocomial infection and multi-drug resistant strains ofKlebsiellawere not isolated.Klebsiellawere biotyped by nine biochemical tests, which led to the detection of 66 biotypes spread uniformly throughout the survey period. This method of biotyping proved a useful epidemiological tool. The colonization rate of throats, hands, and faeces of patients increased after admission to the ward, especially when antibiotics were used. The effect of systemic antibiotics was greater than that of urinary antibiotics especially on throat and faeces carrier rates. Carrier rates forKlebsiellaincreased also after catheterization and operation – relationships which could well be multifactorial.During the first two weeks after admission the proportion of antibiotic resistant strains ofKlebsiellain carriers increased. The proportion of resistant strains amongst isolations from clinical infections was always greater than among strains isolated routinely from sites of carriage.

Bacterial resistance to disinfectants

2002 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
AD Russell
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Bacterial Spores ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Mycobacterium Chelonae ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

A ntiseptics and disinfectants (biocides) are widely employed in controlling hospital infection. Their activity depends upon several factors, notably concentration, period of contract, pH, temperature, the type, nature and numbers of microorganisms to be inactivated and the presence of organic soil or other interfering material. Bacteria vary considerably in their response to antiseptics and disinfectants. Bacterial spores are the least susceptible, followed by mycobacteria (including glutaraldehyde-resistant Mycobacterium chelonae) and then by Gram-negative bacteria, notably pseudomonads. Gram-positive cocci, including antibiotic-resistant staphylococci, are readily inactivated by disinfectants. Enterococci, including vancomycin-resistant strains, are also susceptible but somewhat less so than staphylococci. Resistance is often intrinsic in nature, but may be acquired either by mutation or by the acquisition of genetic elements. Disinfectant rotation is practised in several hospitals but the issue remains contentious, although hospital isolates are often more resistant to biocides than laboratory or ‘standard’ strains.

Antibiotic Resistance as a Virulence Factor of Opportunistic Microorganisms

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
NА Gordinskaya ◽  
EV Boriskina ◽  
DV Kryazhev
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Resistant Strains

Introduction: A large number of infectious processes are associated with opportunistic microorganisms. The phenotype of antibiotic resistance of such pathogens is multidrug-resistant strains with the presence of various β-lactamases. Our objective was to determine the phenotypic and genotypic features of antibiotic resistance of staphylococci, enterobacteria, and non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria – the cause of infectious diseases in patients of various health facilities of Nizhny Novgorod. Material and methods: Using classical microbiological methods and molecular genetic studies, we analyzed 486 strains of microorganisms isolated from the upper respiratory tract, intestines, urine, and wound discharge of patients in 2019–2020. In all isolates, the phenotype of antibiotic resistance was determined by the disco-diffusion method (Bioanalyse, Turkey) and using the Multiscan FC spectrophotometer (ThermoScientific, Finland) with Microlatest tablets (PLIVA-Lachema, Czech Republic), along with molecular features of resistance mechanisms by PCR on the CFX96 device (BioRad, USA) using AmpliSens kits (Russia). Results and discussion: The results showed that the most prevalent causative agents of infectious diseases (40.7 %) were Gram-negative bacteria, of which Enterobacteriaceae and non-fermenting bacteria accounted for 27.1 % and 13.6 % of cases, respectively. Staphylococci were isolated in 37.6 % of patients: S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci induced 13.4 % and 24.2 % of cases, respectively. The analysis of antibiotic resistance of the isolates showed a high level of antimicrobial resistance in all hospitals, regardless of the isolation locus. The phenotype of methicillin-resistant strains was found in 26.3 % and 37.9 % of S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci, respectively; the mecA gene was found in 89.0 % of methicillin-resistant staphylococci. The highest number of antibiotic-resistant strains among Gram-negative microorganisms was observed in K. pneumoniae, A. baumannii, and P. aeruginosa. We established that 61.7 % of K. pneumoniae, 75.1 % of A. baumannii, and 58.2 % of P. aeruginosa were resistant to carbapenems. The results of molecular genetic studies confirmed the presence of serine carbapenemases KPC and OXA groups in all multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae and A. baumannii; genes of the metallo-β-lactamase of VIM group were found in 40.9 % strains of P. aeruginosa. The production of numerous β-lactamases and the presence of determinants of antibiotic resistance in the genome determine the virulent properties of opportunistic microorganisms. Conclusion: The antibiotic resistance of opportunistic microorganisms is the cause of developing a chronic infectious process. Today, a wide spread of antibiotic-resistant infectious agents is a serious public health problem, which determines the need for constant microbiological monitoring and studies of molecular mechanisms of resistance to identify the most potent antibiotics and to determine the ways of eradication of multidrug-resistant strains.

Species composition and molecular-genetic characteristics of antibiotic-resistant strains of gram negative bacteria isolated from patients of a hospital’s urology department

Urologiia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1_2018 ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.U. Shalekenov Shalekenov ◽  
A.L. Bissekenova Bissekenova ◽  
B.A. Ramazanova Ramazanova ◽  
D.A. Adambekov Adambekov ◽  
S.B. Shalekenov Shalekenov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Resistant Strains

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Peptide Novicidin Synergizes with Rifampin, Ceftriaxone, and Ceftazidime against Antibiotic-Resistant EnterobacteriaceaeIn Vitro

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 6233-6240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odel Soren ◽  
Karoline Sidelmann Brinch ◽  
Dipesh Patel ◽  
Yingjun Liu ◽  
Alexander Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Cationic Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Multiple Strains

ABSTRACTThe spread of antibiotic resistance among Gram-negative bacteria is a serious clinical threat, and infections with these organisms are a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Traditional novel drug development inevitably leads to the emergence of new resistant strains, rendering the new drugs ineffective. Therefore, reviving the therapeutic potentials of existing antibiotics represents an attractive novel strategy. Novicidin, a novel cationic antimicrobial peptide, is effective against Gram-negative bacteria. Here, we investigated novicidin as a possible antibiotic enhancer. The actions of novicidin in combination with rifampin, ceftriaxone, or ceftazidime were investigated against 94 antibiotic-resistant clinical Gram-negative isolates and 7 strains expressing New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1. Using the checkerboard method, novicidin combined with rifampin showed synergy with >70% of the strains, reducing the MICs significantly. The combination of novicidin with ceftriaxone or ceftazidime was synergistic against 89.7% of the ceftriaxone-resistant strains and 94.1% of the ceftazidime-resistant strains. Synergistic interactions were confirmed using time-kill studies with multiple strains. Furthermore, novicidin increased the postantibiotic effect when combined with rifampin or ceftriaxone. Membrane depolarization assays revealed that novicidin alters the cytoplasmic membrane potential of Gram-negative bacteria.In vitrotoxicology tests showed novicidin to have low hemolytic activity and no detrimental effect on cell cultures. We demonstrated that novicidin strongly rejuvenates the therapeutic potencies of ceftriaxone or ceftazidime against resistant Gram-negative bacteriain vitro. In addition, novicidin boosted the activity of rifampin. This strategy can have major clinical implications in our fight against antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections.

scholarly journals Screening of an FDA-Approved Library for Novel Drugs against Y. pestis

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
David Gur ◽  
Theodor Chitlaru ◽  
Emanuelle Mamroud ◽  
Ayelet Zauberman
Keyword(s):  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Systematic Screening ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Therapy Initiation ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Approved Drugs ◽  
Fda Approved Drugs

Yersinia pestis is a Gram-negative pathogen that causes plague, a devastating disease that kills millions worldwide. Although plague is efficiently treatable by recommended antibiotics, the time of antibiotic therapy initiation is critical, as high mortality rates have been observed if treatment is delayed for longer than 24 h after symptom onset. To overcome the emergence of antibiotic resistant strains, we attempted a systematic screening of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs to identify alternative compounds which may possess antibacterial activity against Y. pestis. Here, we describe a drug-repurposing approach, which led to the identification of two antibiotic-like activities of the anticancer drugs bleomycin sulfate and streptozocin that have the potential for designing novel antiplague therapy approaches. The inhibitory characteristics of these two drugs were further addressed as well as their efficiency in affecting the growth of Y. pestis strains resistant to doxycycline and ciprofloxacin, antibiotics recommended for plague treatment.

scholarly journals OMN6 a novel bioengineered peptide for the treatment of multidrug resistant Gram negative bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shira Mandel ◽  
Janna Michaeli ◽  
Noa Nur ◽  
Isabelle Erbetti ◽  
Jonathan Zazoun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Cyclic Peptide ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Cecropin A

AbstractNew antimicrobial agents are urgently needed, especially to eliminate multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacteria that stand for most antibiotic-resistant threats. In the following study, we present superior properties of an engineered antimicrobial peptide, OMN6, a 40-amino acid cyclic peptide based on Cecropin A, that presents high efficacy against Gram-negative bacteria with a bactericidal mechanism of action. The target of OMN6 is assumed to be the bacterial membrane in contrast to small molecule-based agents which bind to a specific enzyme or bacterial site. Moreover, OMN6 mechanism of action is effective on Acinetobacter baumannii laboratory strains and clinical isolates, regardless of the bacteria genotype or resistance-phenotype, thus, is by orders-of-magnitude, less likely for mutation-driven development of resistance, recrudescence, or tolerance. OMN6 displays an increase in stability and a significant decrease in proteolytic degradation with full safety margin on erythrocytes and HEK293T cells. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that OMN6 is an efficient, stable, and non-toxic novel antimicrobial agent with the potential to become a therapy for humans.

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