Combination of lumped hydrological and remote-sensing models to evaluate water resources in a semi-arid high altitude ungauged watershed of Sierra Nevada (Southern Spain)

Nowadays, the assessment of agricultural management is based mainly on the good management of water resources (i.e., to estimate the crops water consumption and provide their irrigation requirements). In this context, several agro-environmental models, (i.e., STICS, AQUACROP, TSEB, &#8230;) have been developed to assess the agricultural needs such as grain yield and/or irrigation demand prediction. These models are mainly based on the remote sensing data which contribute highly to the knowledge of some key-variables of crop models, in particular their time and space variations. The study area is the Haouz plain located in central Morocco. The climate of the plain is semi-arid continental type characterized by strong spatiotemporal irregular rains (mean annual precipitation up to 250 mm).The region relies mainly on the agricultural activities. Therefore, about 85% of available water is used for irrigated crops within the plain. The irrigated area is covered by 25% tree plantations and 75% annual crops. However, the annual crops extent depends strongly on the water availability during the season. Hence, for sustainable monitoring and optimal use of water resources (using physical modeling, satellite images and ground data), SAMIR software is developed in order to spatialize the irrigation water budget over Haouz plain. SAMIR (Simonneaux et al., 2009; Saadi et al., 2015; Tazekrit et al., 2018) is a tool for irrigation management based mainly on the use of remote sensing data. It estimates the crop evapotranspiration (ET) based on the FAO-56 model. This model requires three types of data: climatic variables for calculation of reference Evapotranspiration (ET0), land cover for computing crop coefficient Kc, and periodical phonological information for adjusting the Kc. SAMIR offers the possibility to calculate the ET of a large agricultural areas, with different land use/ land cover types, and subsequently deduce the necessary water irrigation for these areas. This model has been calibrated and validated over R3 perimeter (Diarra et al., 2017). In the present work, we studied the sensitivity (local sensibility analysis) of SAMIR software to the variations of each input parameter (i.e., ET0, precipitations, soil parameters, and irrigation configuration &#8220;real or automatic&#8221;). The simulations were made using the ground truth observations and irrigation dataset of the agricultural season of 2011/2012 over an irrigated area of Haouz plain. For the climatic variables, the obtained results showed that the effect of the ET0 is more significant compared to the effect of precipitations. It led to large shifts of the actual ET simulated by SAMIR compared to all tested parameters. For soil parameters, the sensitivity analysis illustrates that the effect is almost linear for all parameters. But the proportion of total available water, P, is the high sensitive parameter (Lenhart, et al., 2002). Finally, the comparison between the simulation of real evapotranspiration using automatic irrigation or real irrigation configuration offers an interesting result. The obtained ET values are similar for both configurations. Thus, this result offers the possibility of using only automatic irrigation configuration, in case of non-availability of the real irrigation.

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Assessment of groundwater flow system for management of Stampriet Transboundary Aquifer System

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-19896 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Irene Kinoti ◽

Marc Leblanc ◽

Albert Olioso ◽

Maciek Lubczynski

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Remote Sensing ◽

Water Resources ◽

Water Resource ◽

Flow System ◽

Arid Areas ◽

Time Step ◽

Transboundary Aquifer ◽

Aquifer System ◽

Semi Arid

Groundwater is the main water resource in arid and semi-arid areas. Its evaluation in terms of recharge, discharge, flow system and change in storage is thus vital for management purposes. However, distributed numerical models which are considered as favourable tools for assessment of groundwater resources are often limited by availability of input data especially in arid and semi-arid areas in developing countries where monitoring networks are scarce. Moreover, in case of transboundary aquifers, political, institutional, cultural, socio-economic differences among countries make management of groundwater even more complex.Remote sensing is a handy tool for monitoring water resources in data scarce areas. This study entails application of remote sensing data in developing a distributed integrated hydrological model for Stampriet Transboundary Aquifer System using MODFLOW-NWT coupled with the Unsaturated Zone Flow (UZF1) Package.Stampriet Transboundary Aquifer is a multi-layered aquifer system shared between Namibia, Botswana and South Africa. The aquifer system consists of three aquifers, characterized by low transmissivity and low storage, intercalated by two aquitards. Conceptually, the physical processes taking place in this system are reasonably understood in Namibia and not as much in Botswana and South Africa. However, quantification of water resources and fluxes is still limited.The aquifer system is mainly exploited in Namibia for socio-economic growth, where abstraction from storage has led to decline in local groundwater level. Water quality constraints have restrained its usage in South Africa, while in Botswana the potential for available resources is likely to be exploited, but there is not enough data for making firm decisions.A numerical model has been set &#8211; up in transient conditions at daily time step and calibrated with groundwater levels as the state variables and satellite rainfall and potential evapotranspiration as the model driving forces. The calibrated model provides spatio-temporal water flux dynamics as well as water balances and hence an understanding of the groundwater-resource dynamics and replenishment. The results are compared to analysis of GRACE data to further constrain the model. This information is useful for proper management of the transboundary water resource as well as for policy making.

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Combination of remote sensing and meteorological data for estimation of crop water requirements in the irrigated perimeter of Tadla in Morocco

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-7906 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jaouad El Hachimi ◽

Abderrazak El Harti ◽

Amine Jellouli

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Water Resources ◽

Arid Regions ◽

Landsat 8 ◽

Climate Data ◽

Crop Water ◽

Water Requirements ◽

Crop Water Requirements ◽

Irrigated Perimeter ◽

Semi Arid

In arid and semi-arid regions, agriculture is an important element of the national economy, but this sector is a large consumer of water. In a context of high pressure on water resources (climate change, population growth, desertification, etc.), an appropriate management is required. The development of remote sensing tools: temporal, spatial and spectral resolution offers a better opportunity for hydro-agricultural management. The main objective of this study is to combine climate data with that of optical remote sensing in order to estimate crop water requirements in the irrigated perimeter of Tadla. In semi-arid regions, such as Tadla Plain, a large quantity of water is lost by evapotranspiration (ET). The objective of this study is to use a scientific approach based on the modulation of evaporative demand for the estimation of crop water requirements. This approach is based on the FAO-56 method using image data from the Sentinel-2A and Landsat-8 satellites, and climate data: surface temperature, air humidity, wind speed, global solar radiation and precipitation. It also allowed the spatialization of crop water requirements on a large area of irrigated crops during the 2016&#8211;2017 agricultural season. Maps of water requirements have been developed. They show the variability over time of crop development and their estimated water requirements. The results obtained constitute an important indicator of how water should be distributed over the area in order to improve irrigation efficiency and protection of water resources.

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Land suitability analysis and water resources for agriculture in semi-arid regions of Andhra Pradesh, South India using remote sensing and GIS techniques

International Journal of Energy and Water Resources ◽

10.1007/s42108-021-00151-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

P. K. Badapalli ◽

R. B. Kottala ◽

R. Madiga ◽

R. Mesa

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Water Resources ◽

Andhra Pradesh ◽

Arid Regions ◽

South India ◽

Remote Sensing And Gis ◽

Suitability Analysis ◽

Land Suitability Analysis ◽

Gis Techniques ◽

Semi Arid

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Groundwater discharge in high-mountain watersheds: A valuable resource for downstream semi-arid zones. The case of the Bérchules River in Sierra Nevada (Southern Spain)

The Science of The Total Environment ◽

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.190 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 593-594 ◽

pp. 760-772 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Jorge Jódar ◽

José Antonio Cabrera ◽

Sergio Martos-Rosillo ◽

Ana Ruiz-Constán ◽

Antonio González-Ramón ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sierra Nevada ◽

Groundwater Discharge ◽

Southern Spain ◽

High Mountain ◽

Arid Zones ◽

Valuable Resource ◽

Mountain Watersheds ◽

Semi Arid

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Bioindicadores e Sensoriamento Remoto como Subsídios à Gestão dos Recursos Hídricos no Semiárido Brasileiro (Bioindicators and Remote Sensing as Subsidies for the Management of Water Resources in the Brazilian Semi-arid)

Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física ◽

10.26848/rbgf.v10.6.p1974-1994 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1974

Author(s):

Thais Silva Lima ◽

Ana Lúcia Bezerra Candeias ◽

Maristela Casé Costa Cunha

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Water Resources ◽

River Flow ◽

Climatic Variability ◽

Degradation Process ◽

Legal Framework ◽

Quality Of Water ◽

Semi Arid Region ◽

General Aspects ◽

Semi Arid

Os impactos provenientes das atividades antrópicas sobre os ecossistemas aquáticos têm gerado grandes preocupações quanto à quantidade e qualidade dos recursos hídricos. No semiárido brasileiro, os reservatórios artificiais apresentam importância tanto de ordem social como econômica, entretanto, o processo de degradação tem comprometido seus múltiplos usos, tornando-se um entrave no âmbito da gestão ambiental. Particularmente, o reservatório Sobradinho, localizado no submédio São Francisco, contribui para diferentes usos, tais como, geração de energia, regularização da vazão do rio, abastecimento, agricultura, entre outros. Atualmente, o reservatório vem sofrendo grandes variações de armazenamento de água devido à variabilidade climática da região. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar as principais aplicações da comunidade de macroinvertebrados bentônicos e do sensoriamento remoto, enfatizando sua importância como subsídios à gestão de recursos hídricos, especialmente, na região semiárida. Além disso, busca-se descrever os aspectos gerais inerentes ao arcabouço legal e à estrutura institucional da gestão em bacias hidrográficas. Percebe-se a necessidade de estudos mais integrados que possam diagnosticar os fatores que contribuem para a degradação ambiental, servindo como suporte para um adequado gerenciamento dos recursos hídricos.Palavras-chave: Gestão; Reservatório Sobradinho; Qualidade ambiental; Geotecnologia; Ecossistema. A B S T R A C TThe impacts of anthropic activities on aquatic ecosystems have generated major concerns about the quantity and quality of water resources. In the brazilian semi-arid, artificial reservoirs are of both social and economic importance, however, the degradation process has compromised its multiple uses, becoming an obstacle in the ambit of environmental management. Particularly, the Sobradinho reservoir, located in the submedio São Francisco River, contributes to different uses, such as power generation, river flow regulation, supply, agriculture, among others. Actually, the reservoir has undergone great variations of water storage due to the climatic variability of the region. The present work aims to present the main applications of the community of benthic macroinvertebrates and remote sensing, emphasizing their importance as subsidies to the management of water resources, especially in the semi-arid region. In addition, it seeks to describe the general aspects inherent to the legal framework and the institutional structure of management in river basins. There is a need for more integrated studies that can diagnose the factors that contribute to environmental degradation, serving as support for an adequate management of water resources.Keywords: management, sobradinho reservoir, environmental quality, geotechnology, ecosystem.

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MONITORING A CAVE ENVIRONMENT IN THE SIERRA NEVADA — IMPLICATIONS FOR INTERPRETING STALAGMITE RECORDS FROM A SEMI-ARID CLIMATE

10.1130/abs/2019am-337408 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Kimberly Bowman ◽

◽

Eleana Brumage ◽

Elizabeth Diaz ◽

Daphne Kuta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sierra Nevada ◽

Arid Climate ◽

Cave Environment ◽

Semi Arid

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Analysing the Impact of Climate Change on Hydrological Ecosystem Services in Laguna del Sauce (Uruguay) Using the SWAT Model and Remote Sensing Data

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13102014 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 2014

Author(s):

Celina Aznarez ◽

Patricia Jimeno-Sáez ◽

Adrián López-Ballesteros ◽

Juan Pablo Pacheco ◽

Javier Senent-Aparicio

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Remote Sensing ◽

Ecosystem Services ◽

Water Resources ◽

Swat Model ◽

Remote Sensing Data ◽

Erosion Control ◽

Sensing Data ◽

Extreme Precipitation Events ◽

The Impact

Assessing how climate change will affect hydrological ecosystem services (HES) provision is necessary for long-term planning and requires local comprehensive climate information. In this study, we used SWAT to evaluate the impacts on four HES, natural hazard protection, erosion control regulation and water supply and flow regulation for the Laguna del Sauce catchment in Uruguay. We used downscaled CMIP-5 global climate models for Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 2.6, 4.5 and 8.5 projections. We calibrated and validated our SWAT model for the periods 2005–2009 and 2010–2013 based on remote sensed ET data. Monthly NSE and R2 values for calibration and validation were 0.74, 0.64 and 0.79, 0.84, respectively. Our results suggest that climate change will likely negatively affect the water resources of the Laguna del Sauce catchment, especially in the RCP 8.5 scenario. In all RCP scenarios, the catchment is likely to experience a wetting trend, higher temperatures, seasonality shifts and an increase in extreme precipitation events, particularly in frequency and magnitude. This will likely affect water quality provision through runoff and sediment yield inputs, reducing the erosion control HES and likely aggravating eutrophication. Although the amount of water will increase, changes to the hydrological cycle might jeopardize the stability of freshwater supplies and HES on which many people in the south-eastern region of Uruguay depend. Despite streamflow monitoring capacities need to be enhanced to reduce the uncertainty of model results, our findings provide valuable insights for water resources planning in the study area. Hence, water management and monitoring capacities need to be enhanced to reduce the potential negative climate change impacts on HES. The methodological approach presented here, based on satellite ET data can be replicated and adapted to any other place in the world since we employed open-access software and remote sensing data for all the phases of hydrological modelling and HES provision assessment.

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