Removal of non-point source pollutants from domestic sewage and agricultural runoff by vegetated drainage ditches (VDDs): Design, mechanism, management strategies, and future directions

2018 ◽  
Vol 639 ◽  
pp. 742-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Nsenga Kumwimba ◽  
Fangang Meng ◽  
Oluwayinka Iseyemi ◽  
Matthew T. Moore ◽  
Bo Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Drainage Ditches ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Design Mechanism

scholarly journals Fusarium basal rot: profile of an increasingly important disease in Allium spp.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dung Le ◽  
Kris Audenaert ◽  
Geert Haesaert
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Basal Rot ◽  
Major Constraint ◽  
Fusarium Basal Rot ◽  
Chemical Pesticides ◽  
Important Disease

AbstractFusarium basal rot (FBR) is a soil-borne disease that affects Allium species worldwide. Although FBR has long been recognized as a major constraint to the production of economically important Allium species, information that could support disease management remains scattered. In this review, the current knowledge on the causal agents, symptomology and epidemiology, impact, and management strategies of FBR is synthesized. We highlight that FPR is associated with different complexes of several Fusarium species, of which Fusarium oxysporum and F. proliferatum are the most prevalent. These pathogenic complexes vary in composition and virulence, depending on sites and hosts, which can be challenging for disease management. Research to improve disease management using chemical pesticides, resistance cultivars, biocontrol agents, and cultural practices has achieved both promising results and limitations. Finally, research needs and future directions are proposed for the development of effective FBR management strategies.

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: controversies, challenges and future directions

Heart ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 377-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosita Zakeri ◽  
Martin R Cowie
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Guanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Protein Kinase G ◽  
Preserved Ejection Fraction ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Novel Treatments ◽  
Inflammatory State

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) comprises almost half of the population burden of HF. Because HFpEF likely includes a range of cardiac and non-cardiac abnormalities, typically in elderly patients, obtaining an accurate diagnosis may be challenging, not least due to the existence of multiple HFpEF mimics and a newly identified subset of patients with HFpEF and normal plasma natriuretic peptide concentrations. The lack of effective treatment for these patients represents a major unmet clinical need. Heterogeneity within the patient population has triggered debate over the aetiology and pathophysiology of HFpEF, and the neutrality of randomised clinical trials suggests that we do not fully understand the syndrome(s). Dysregulated nitric oxide–cyclic guanosine monophosphate–protein kinase G signalling, driven by comorbidities and ageing, may be the fundamental abnormality in HFpEF, resulting in a systemic inflammatory state and microvascular endothelial dysfunction. Novel informatics platforms are also being used to classify HFpEF into subphenotypes, based on statistically clustered clinical and biological characteristics: whether such subclassification will lead to more targeted therapies remains to be seen. In this review, we summarise current concepts and controversies, and highlight the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in clinical practice. Novel treatments and disease management strategies are discussed, and the large gaps in our knowledge identified.

Microplastics from the Sources to Sinks: Assessment of Microplastics in the River Freshwater Environments and Wastewater Treatment Plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A H M Enamul Kabir ◽  
Masahiko Sekine ◽  
Tsuyoshi Imai ◽  
Koichi Yamamoto ◽  
Ariyo Kanno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Point Source ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Source To Sink ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge ◽  
Marine Realm

<p>Freshwater microplastics pollution has been a recent focus. River freshwater microplastics pollution are vital towards freshwater ecosystems as well as have been the prominent source-to-sink conduits to export MPs into the marine realm. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been identified as one of the major point-sources. To date, sources-to-sinks comprehensive knowledge are highly limited. This study explored sources-to-sinks microplastics pollution i.e., WWTPs-to-river-to-marine comprehensively. The two rivers i.e., Koya River (KR) and Nishiki River (NR) which are flowing to the Seto Inland Sea (SIS) and the WWTPs effluent samples were collected from selected (n=37) stations in the Yamaguchi prefecture, Japan. Filtration, wet peroxidation, and density separation methods were employed to extract microplastics particles. Polymers were identified via attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The average microplastics abundances were found KR—82.25±67.84 n/L and NR—38.73±24.13 n/L for the river water, and KRWWTPs—79.5±3.5 n/L and NRWWTPs—72.25±23.64 n/L for WWTPs effluents, respectively. The KR were found to be more polluted than the NR. WWTPs effluents were found posing higher abundances than rivers. Significantly higher microplastics concentration were found in the WWTPs downstream stations than other river stations. Characterization revealed that small MPs (<1000 µm) in size, fibers in shape, polymers— polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, vinylon were major in both of the WWTPs effluents and rivers. WWTPs influenced river environments by means both of the abundances and microplastics characteristics (shapes-size-polymers). The estimated source-to-sink emission demonstrated a substantial number of MPs discharge into the rivers by the WWTPs (0.007—0.086 billion/day) and rivers-to-SIS marine environments (1.15—7.951 billion/day). The emission represented that the WWTPs were the prominent point-source to cause river microplastics pollution. Rivers were the initial sinks of the Japan land-sourced microplastics and prominent pathways to emit microplastics to the ultimate marine sink i.e., SIS. Large amounts of MPs are being generated on land sources before the plastics wastes degrade into MPs secondarily. The pollution characteristics (shapes-sizes-polymers) indicated ecotoxicological threats to these rivers and the downstream environments. Overall, this study provided an insight of sources-to-sinks pollution, fulfilled the preliminary knowledge gaps of pollution occurring land-sources, fate and loadings. We recommended microplastics pollution control at source. This study will aid in developing microplastics pollution control and management strategies for environmental protection and sustainability in the regional Japan as well as global context upon “thinking globally and acting locally”.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Abundance, Point-source, Source-to-sink, Riverine microplastics pollution, Wastewater treatment plants</p>

Global E-Banking Trends

2010 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Sujana Adapa
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Distribution Channels ◽  
Alternative Strategy ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Bank Branches ◽  
Industrialized Nations ◽  
Traditional Mode ◽  
The Impact

The traditional mode of delivering products and services by banks to the consumers’ is through a single distribution channel and that is physical bank branches. Financial services industry is metamorphosing due to the advent of internet, rapid technological evolutions, deregulation, globalization as well as the impact of changing competitive and regulatory forces. In order to cope with the quick changes in the business scenario, banks started to rely on distribution channels as an alternative strategy for differentiation and gaining further competitive advantage. The abovementioned paved way for the development of the ebanking phenomena. This chapter attempts to provide a comprehensive explanation of what ebanking is, the evolution of ebanking, existing trends of ebanking in developed, developing and newly industrialized nations, future directions for further possible research and concluding remarks. The content provided in this chapter would be useful for existing and potential banks to better understand the global ebanking trends and thus aid in the effective formulation of channel management strategies and reap the benefits out of it.

scholarly journals A Review of the Biology, Ecology, and Management of Plum Curculio (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy P Lampasona ◽  
Cesar Rodriguez-Saona ◽  
Tracy C Leskey ◽  
Anne L Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Conotrachelus Nenuphar ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Geographic Ranges ◽  
Plum Curculio ◽  
Fruit Abortion ◽  
Chemical Inputs ◽  
And Control

Abstract The plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar Herbst (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is an insect native to the Americas that is a serious pest of stone and pome fruits in the United States and Canada. Failure to effectively manage this insect may result in up to 85% damaged fruit at harvest, as well as early season fruit abortion. Conotrachelus nenuphar is oligophagous, feeding and ovipositing on many Rosaceous plants, including apple, peach, plum, cherry, quince, and pear. Additionally, C. nenuphar in limited geographic ranges utilizes alternate hosts such as highbush blueberry (Ericaceae) and Muscadine grape (Vitaceae). Despite its long history as a pest, integrated pest management (IPM) lags behind similarly damaging native fruit pests. Although significant progress has been made on the identification of attractive lures for monitoring C. nenuphar adults, development of behaviorally based management strategies, and biological control with entomopathogenic nematodes, growers continue to rely heavily on top-down chemical inputs to manage this pest. Most of the research to date comes from studies done in apples where alternative management practices for C. nenuphar have, to some extent, been adopted; however, less IPM-based information is available for other susceptible crops. In this review, we summarize the history, biology, ecology, behavior, and control of C. nenuphar and future directions for IPM research.

scholarly journals Demographic analysis of Israeli Carpobrotus populations: management strategies and future directions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Bogdan ◽  
Sam C. Levin ◽  
Roberto Salguero-Gómez ◽  
Tiffany M. Knight
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Plant Population Dynamics ◽  
Global Knowledge ◽  
Integral Projection Model ◽  
Projection Model ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Demographic Models ◽  
Mediterranean Habitats

AbstractCarpobrotus species are harmful invaders to coastal areas throughout the world, particularly in Mediterranean habitats. Demographic models are ideally suited to identify and understand population processes and stages in the life cycle of the species that could be most effectively targeted with management. However, parameterizing these models has been limited by the difficulty in accessing the cliff-side locations where its populations are typically found, as well as accurately measuring the growth and spread individuals, which form large, dense mats. This study uses small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs, drones) to collect demographic data and parameterize an Integral Projection Model of an Israeli Carpobrotus population. We validated our data set with ground targets of known size. Through the analysis of asymptotic growth rates and population sensitivities and elasticities, we demonstrate that the population at the study site is demographically stable, and that reducing the survival and growth of the largest individuals would have the greatest effect on reducing overall population growth rate. Our results provide a first evaluation of the demography of Carpobrotus, a species of conservation and economic concern, and provide the first stage-based population model of a representative of the Aizoaceae family, thus contributing to our global knowledge on plant population dynamics. In addition, we demonstrate the advantages of using drones for collecting demographic data in understudied habitats such as coastal ecosystems.

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