Comparative analyses of wetland plant biomass accumulation and litter decomposition subject to in situ warming and nitrogen addition

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate sweet potato performance in succession to annual herbaceous leguminous plants, in monocropping or intercropped with corn, under agroecological management, under Baixada Fluminense conditions. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with five treatments and four replicates. The treatments consisted of pre-cropping with the following species: crotalária (Crotalaria juncea) under monocropping system, crotalária intercropped with corn (Zea mays), jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) under monocropping system, jack bean intercropped with corn and spontaneous vegetation. The results showed that monocropped crotalária reached the greatest dry biomass accumulation during two consecutive years of succession. In the second year, this treatment provided greater accumulated amounts of N, K and Mg in plant biomass. Growing sweet potatoes in succession to the pre-cropping of crotalária is advantageous, as it provided an increase in vegetable productivity in the second year of succession.

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Leaf photosynthetic properties and biomass accumulation of selected western Canadian spring wheat cultivars

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps09163 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 91 (2) ◽

pp. 305-314 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Cody Chytyk ◽

Pierre Hucl ◽

Gordon Gray

Keyword(s):

Ethanol Production ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Vegetation Index ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Biomass Accumulation ◽

Biomass Composition ◽

Quantum Yields ◽

Cellulose Content ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Photosynthetic Properties

Chytyk, C. J., Hucl, P. J. and Gray, G. R. 2011. Leaf photosynthetic properties and biomass accumulation of selected western Canadian spring wheat cultivars. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 305–314. Current studies indicate wheat straw as a viable source for the production of cellulosic ethanol. Since photosynthetic performance impacts the overall success of the mature plant, this study aimed to measure the photosynthetic vigour of 11 spring wheat cultivars during field development as well as their biomass composition at maturity to determine which would be optimum for ethanol production. All cultivars had similar maximal quantum yields of photosystem II photochemistry (FV/FM), normalized difference vegetation index and biomass composition in the field. However, differences were observed in photosynthetic rate, with McKenzie having the highest light-saturated maximal rate of CO2 uptake (A max) and apparent quantum yield of CO2 uptake (Φapp CO2), while also having the best water use efficiency. Snowbird was found to have the lowest CO2-compensation point (Γ*) and A max. Upon subjecting wheat samples to photoinhibitory conditions, McKenzie and Kyle were found to be the most resistant and susceptible, respectively, with a difference of 11% in FV/FM. Abundance of xanthophyll pigments were not found to be a contributing cause to differential photoinhibitory resistance as there was not a noticeable difference between cultivars. Although some cultivars were found to have enhanced photosynthetic traits over others, these were slight and did not contribute to changes in plant biomass. However, McKenzie did present a higher cellulose content, which would be favourable for ethanol production.

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Effect of nitrogen addition on the comparative productivity of corn and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)

Weed Science ◽

10.1614/ws-05-127r.1 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 54 (02) ◽

pp. 354-363 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Darren C. Barker ◽

Stevan Z. Knezevic ◽

Alex R. Martin ◽

Daniel T. Walters ◽

John L. Lindquist

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Yield Loss ◽

Biomass Accumulation ◽

Nitrogen Addition ◽

Corn Yield ◽

N Addition ◽

Area Index ◽

Nitrogen Levels ◽

Weed Growth

Weeds that respond more to nitrogen fertilizer than crops may be more competitive under high nitrogen (N) conditions. Therefore, understanding the effects of nitrogen on crop and weed growth and competition is critical. Field experiments were conducted at two locations in 1999 and 2000 to determine the influence of varying levels of N addition on corn and velvetleaf height, leaf area, biomass accumulation, and yield. Nitrogen addition increased corn and velvetleaf height by a maximum of 15 and 68%, respectively. N addition increased corn and velvetleaf maximum leaf area index (LAI) by up to 51 and 90%. Corn and velvetleaf maximum biomass increased by up to 68 and 89% with N addition. Competition from corn had the greatest effect on velvetleaf growth, reducing its biomass by up to 90% compared with monoculture velvetleaf. Corn response to N addition was less than that of velvetleaf, indicating that velvetleaf may be most competitive at high levels of nitrogen and least competitive when nitrogen levels are low. Corn yield declined with increasing velvetleaf interference at all levels of N addition. However, corn yield loss due to velvetleaf interference was similar across N treatments except in one site–year, where yield loss increased with increasing N addition. Corn yield loss due to velvetleaf interference may increase with increasing N supply when velvetleaf emergence and early season growth are similar to that of corn.

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Assessment of the Effects of Ornamental Wetland Polyculture Combinations on Urban Sewage Treatment

10.21203/rs.3.rs-179927/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Min Wang ◽

Yujue Zhou ◽

Lin Xiang ◽

Xiaoyang Ke ◽

Hui Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Diversity ◽

Municipal Wastewater ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Wetland Plant ◽

Urban Sewage ◽

Thalia Dealbata ◽

Cyperus Alternifolius

Abstract Previous studies have shown that wetland plants can treat wastewater in a cost-effective and sustainable way, however, the studies on the performance of ornamental wetland plant diversity in treating urban sewage were scarce. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess and select wetland polyculture combination that was effective in urban sewage treatment in subtropical areas. We formed five combinations out of six ornamental wetland plant species including Thalia dealbata, Cyperus alternifolius, Iris pseudacorus, Lythrum sastlicaria, Nymphaea tetragona, and Zantedeschia aethiopica. The growth state and removal effects of each plant combination were systematically measured and assessed. The results indicated all the combinations exhibited remarkable total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), and chemical oxygen demand chromium (CODcr) removal rate of 70.75%-77.67%, 63.86%-73.71%, 69.73%-76.85%, and 57.28%-75.69%, respectively. Additionally, pH was reduced to 7.54-8.00 in the sewage. The purification effect reached the best during 30-36th day. The comprehensive assessment showed the mixture of Thalia dealbata + Cyperus alternifolius, closely followed by Thalia dealbata + Cyperus alternifolius+ Lythrum sastlicaria, was highly effective at extracting various pollutants, and both of them could be used as favorable combinations to convert eutrophication and purify municipal wastewater. Linear regression showed that TP, TP, NH4+-N, and CODcr. were significantly related to plant biomass, indicating that plant biomass essential indicator for screening purification plants. Our study highlighted the importance of plant diversity in biological wastewater treatment, however the competition between plants was suggested to take into consideration in future studies.

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High density cultivation for efficient sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-62681-w ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dennis Dienst ◽

Julian Wichmann ◽

Oliver Mantovani ◽

João S. Rodrigues ◽

Pia Lindberg

Keyword(s):

Reference Conditions ◽

Value Added ◽

Biomass Accumulation ◽

High Density ◽

Specific Productivity ◽

Batch Mode ◽

Process Characteristics ◽

Sustainable Cultivation ◽

Pcc 6803

AbstractCyanobacteria and microalgae are attractive photoautotrophic host systems for climate-friendly production of fuels and other value-added biochemicals. However, for economic applications further development and implementation of efficient and sustainable cultivation strategies are essential. Here, we present a comparative study on cyanobacterial sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 using a commercial lab-scale High Density Cultivation (HDC) platform in the presence of dodecane as in-situ extractant. Operating in a two-step semi-batch mode over a period of eight days, volumetric yields of (E)-α-bisabolene were more than two orders of magnitude higher than previously reported for cyanobacteria, with final titers of 179.4 ± 20.7 mg * L−1. Likewise, yields of the sesquiterpene alcohols (−)-patchoulol and (−)-α-bisabolol were many times higher than under reference conditions, with final titers of 17.3 ± 1.85 mg * L−1 and 96.3 ± 2.2 mg * L−1, respectively. While specific productivity was compromised particularly for (E)-α-bisabolene in the HDC system during phases of high biomass accumulation rates, volumetric productivity enhancements during linear growth at high densities were more pronounced for (E)-α-bisabolene than for the hydroxylated terpenoids. Together, this study provides additional insights into cell density-related process characteristics, introducing HDC as highly efficient strategy for phototrophic terpenoid production in cyanobacteria.

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