Assessing the water scarcity footprint of food crops by growing season available water remaining (AWARE) characterization factors in Thailand

2020 ◽  
pp. 143000
Author(s):  
Roihatai Kaewmai ◽  
Timothy Grant ◽  
Jitti Mungkalasiri ◽  
Charongpun Musikavong
Keyword(s):  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Characterization Factors ◽  
Available Water

Improving regional water scarcity footprint characterization factors of an available water remaining (AWARE) method

2019 ◽  
Vol 681 ◽  
pp. 444-455
Author(s):  
Roihatai Kaewmai ◽  
Timothy Grant ◽  
Sandra Eady ◽  
Jitti Mungkalasiri ◽  
Charongpun Musikavong
Keyword(s):  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Characterization Factors ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Regional Water

scholarly journals How downstream sub-basins depend on upstream inflows to avoid scarcity: typology and global analysis of transboundary rivers

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2795-2809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafsa Ahmed Munia ◽  
Joseph H. A. Guillaume ◽  
Naho Mirumachi ◽  
Yoshihide Wada ◽  
Matti Kummu
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Available Water

Abstract. Countries sharing river basins are often dependent upon water originating outside their boundaries; meaning that without that upstream water, water scarcity may occur with flow-on implications for water use and management. We develop a formalisation of this concept drawing on ideas about the transition between regimes from resilience literature, using water stress and water shortage as indicators of water scarcity. In our analytical framework, dependency occurs if water from upstream is needed to avoid scarcity. This can be diagnosed by comparing different types of water availability on which a sub-basin relies, in particular local runoff and upstream inflows. At the same time, possible upstream water withdrawals reduce available water downstream, influencing the latter water availability. By developing a framework of scarcity and dependency, we contribute to the understanding of transitions between system regimes. We apply our analytical framework to global transboundary river basins at the scale of sub-basin areas (SBAs). Our results show that 1175 million people live under water stress (42 % of the total transboundary population). Surprisingly, the majority (1150 million) of these currently suffer from stress only due to their own excessive water use and possible water from upstream does not have impact on the stress status – i.e. they are not yet dependent on upstream water to avoid stress – but could still impact on the intensity of the stress. At the same time, 386 million people (14 %) live in SBAs that can avoid stress owing to available water from upstream and have thus upstream dependency. In the case of water shortage, 306 million people (11 %) live in SBAs dependent on upstream water to avoid possible shortage. The identification of transitions between system regimes sheds light on how SBAs may be affected in the future, potentially contributing to further refined analysis of inter- and intrabasin hydro-political power relations and strategic planning of management practices in transboundary basins.

scholarly journals The WULCA consensus characterization model for water scarcity footprints: assessing impacts of water consumption based on available water remaining (AWARE)

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 368-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Boulay ◽  
Jane Bare ◽  
Lorenzo Benini ◽  
Markus Berger ◽  
Michael J. Lathuillière ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Characterization Model

scholarly journals Assessment of Physical Water Scarcity in Africa Using GRACE and TRMM Satellite Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emad Hasan ◽  
Aondover Tarhule ◽  
Yang Hong ◽  
Berrien Moore
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Available Water ◽  
The Status ◽  
Trmm Precipitation

The critical role of water in enabling or constraining human well-being and socioeconomic activities has led to an interest in quantitatively establishing the status of water (in)sufficiency over space and time. Falkenmark introduced the first widely accepted measure of water status, the Water Scarcity Index (WSI), which expressed the status of the availability of water resources in terms of vulnerability, stress, and scarcity. Since then, numerous indicators have been introduced, but nearly all adopt the same basic formulation; water status is a function of “available water” resource—by the demand or use. However, the accurate assessment of “available water” is difficult, especially in data-scarce regions, such as Africa. In this paper, therefore, we introduce a satellite-based Potential Available Water Storage indicator, PAWS. The method integrates GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) satellite Total Water Storage (TWS) measurements with the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation estimates between 2002 and 2016. First, we derived the countries’ Internal Water Storage (IWS) using GRACE and TRMM precipitation data. Then, the IWS was divided by the population density to derive the PAWS per capita. Following the Falkenmark thresholds, 54% of countries are classified in the same water vulnerability status as the AQUASTAT Internal Renewable Water Resources (IRWR) method. Of the remaining countries, PAWS index leads to one or two categories shift (left or right) of water status. The PAWS index shows that 14% (~160 million people) of Africa’s population currently live under water scarcity status. With respect to future projections, PAWS index suggests that a 10% decrease in future water resources would affect ~37% of Africa’s 2025 population (~600 million people), and 57% for 2050 projections (~1.4-billion people). The proposed approach largely overcomes the constraints related to the data needed to rapidly and robustly estimate available water resources by incorporating all stocks of water within the country, as well as underscores the recent water storage dynamics. However, the estimates obtained concern potential available water resources, which may not be utilizable for practical, economic, and technological issues.

Water scarcity in Brazil: part 2—uncertainty assessment in regionalized characterization factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 2359-2379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kilvia de Freitas Alves ◽  
Edilene Pereira Andrade ◽  
José Paulo Savioli ◽  
Amandine Valerie Pastor ◽  
Maria Cléa Brito de Figueirêdo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Uncertainty Assessment ◽  
Characterization Factors

Reclaimed water irrigation: Accumulation of contaminants of emerging concern in food crops

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Ponce Robles ◽  
Daniel Bañón Gómez ◽  
Antonio José García García ◽  
Francisco Pedrero Salcedo ◽  
Pedro Antonio Nortes Tortosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Contaminants Of Emerging Concern

<p>Irrigated agriculture is a predominant economic activity in many areas of the Mediterranean region.  However, water scarcity and restrictions on the use of fresh water resources in high agricultural production regions, endangers sustainable agricultural development.  So, alternative water resources are necessary.</p><p>The use of reclaimed water for agriculture irrigation makes available a low-cost water source, providing an additional source of nutrients for the plants, helping to reduce the amount and costs associated with the consumption of synthetic fertilizers in agriculture. However, this practice is not a remedy for water scarcity free of disadvantages. Among them, the presence of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) is one of the most worrying to the scientific community. The problem with these compounds is that they are not completely removed during wastewater treatment, which makes their long-term consequences unpredictable. On the other hand, the absorption and bioaccumulation of CECs in food crops is a matter still to be clarified.</p><p>In this work, the absorption capacity, accumulation and persistence of a selected group of CECs in real crops (baby lettuce) irrigated with reclaimed water from a WWTP were evaluated. Results showed different behaviors depending on CECs properties and concentrations, indicating a progressive accumulation when the culture time increased. So, the chemical quality of reclaimed water is a key issue in safe agricultural irrigation.</p>

scholarly journals Bridging the Data Gap in the Water Scarcity Footprint by Using Crop-Specific AWARE Factors

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Boulay ◽  
Léo Lenoir ◽  
Alessandro Manzardo
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Characterization Factors ◽  
Perennial Crop ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Data Gap ◽  
Average Consumption

The assessment of the water scarcity footprint of products emerged as an important step in supporting water management strategies. Among others, the AWARE methodology was published as a consensus-based indicator to perform such an assessment at a watershed level and monthly scale. The need to adopt such a detailed resolution, however, collides with the availability of data, so that general year and country-wide factors are commonly used. The objective of this study is to develop and verify the applicability of 26 crop-specific water scarcity characterization factors to help assess the water scarcity footprint when data and information availability is limited. To do so, a weighted average consumption approach was adopted, starting from local AWARE characterization factors and local crop-specific water consumption. The resulting factors, ranging from 0.19 m3/ton eq for “other perennial crop” in Brunei to 9997 m3/ton eq for “other annual crop” in Mauritania, illustrate the large variability of potential water scarcity impacts. Factors were applied to the water consumption of selected crops to assess their water scarcity footprint. The results of the study confirmed that the use of crop-specific factors is recommended as they are a better proxy of water scarcity in a region when compared to their national generic counterparts.

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