Powdered activated carbon-catalyzed chlorine oxidation of bisphenol-A and methylene blue: Identification of the free radical and effect of the carbon surface functional group

Non-activated carbon ‘A’, physically-activated carbons P1–P4, zinc chloride-activated carbons Z1–Z4 and potassium sulphide-activated carbons K1–K4 were prepared from Maghara coal (Sinai, Egypt). The surface areas of these carbons were determined by investigating the adsorption of carbon dioxide at 298 K and of nitrogen at 77 K. The decolourization powers of the carbons were determined from methylene blue adsorption at 308 K. The adsorption of methanol, benzene, n-hexane, n-octane and α-pinene at 308 K was also determined using equilibrium and flow techniques. The removal of ammonia and phenol from water was investigated on some selected samples. The activated carbons showed high capacities towards the removal of organic pollutants from water and from gas streams via adsorption. Their capacity towards a particular pollutant depends on the method of activation and is related to the textural and/or the chemistry of the carbon surface.

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PEMBUATAN DAN KARAKTERISASI ARANG AKTIF DARI BATANG LIMBAH TANAMAN GUMITIR DENGAN AKTIVATOR ZnCl2

Jurnal Kimia ◽

10.24843/jchem.2019.v13.i01.p15 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 95

Author(s):

E. Sahara ◽

D. E. Permatasaari ◽

I W. Suarsa

Keyword(s):

Methylene Blue ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Phosphoric Acid ◽

Functional Group ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Group Analysis ◽

Absorption Capacity ◽

National Standard ◽

Volatile Content ◽

Functional Group Analysis

The agricultural waste of gumitir plants stem can be used as an ingredient in producing an activated carbon. Some researchers have reported that the additions of phosphoric acid and NaOH as chemical activators have resulted in an activated carbon that met the SNI (Indonesian National Standard) 06-3730-1995 about technical activated carbon. The purpose of this study was to produce and characterize the activated carbon from the stem of gumitir plants carbonized at 300oC for 90 minutes with the use of ZnCl2 as the activator. The activation was carried out by adding ZnCl2 to an amount of carbon in various mole ratios. The characteristics of the activated carbon obtained were compared to the SNI. It was evident that the addition of 0.1 mole of ZnCl2 to 1 gram of the carbon produced an activated carbon that met the SNI standard, namely, water content of 5.00%, as content of 8.33%, volatile content of 950oC of heating of 7.36%, carbon content of 79,30%, iodine absorption capacity of 788.1271 mg/g, and methylene blue absorption capacity of 260.7917 mg/g. The surface area and surfae acidity of this carbon was of 677,6270 mg2/g and 0.3396 mmol/g, respectively. The functional group analysis of this activated carbon showed the presence of O-H, COOH, C-O aldehyde, alkaline C-C and C-H groups.

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Gas-Phase Formaldehyde Adsorption Isotherm Studies on Activated Carbon: Correlations of Adsorption Capacity to Surface Functional Group Density

Environmental Science & Technology ◽

10.1021/es104286d ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 45 (15) ◽

pp. 6498-6503 ◽

Cited By ~ 73

Author(s):

Ellison M. Carter ◽

Lynn E. Katz ◽

Gerald E. Speitel ◽

David Ramirez

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Adsorption Isotherm ◽

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Gas Phase ◽

Functional Group ◽

Surface Functional Group ◽

Group Density ◽

Formaldehyde Adsorption

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Adsorption characteristics of Bisphenol-A on tailored activated carbon in aqueous solutions

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2016.325 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 74 (7) ◽

pp. 1744-1751 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Liang Yan ◽

Di Lv ◽

Xinwen Huang ◽

Huixiang Shi ◽

Geshan Zhang

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Bonding ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Bisphenol A ◽

Surface Charge ◽

Activated Carbons ◽

Surface Acidity ◽

Alkaline Treatment ◽

Carbon Surface ◽

Personal Care Product ◽

Surface Basicity

The adsorption behavior of pharmaceuticals and personal care product, Bisphenol-A (BPA), according to four coal-based and four wood-based granular activated carbons modified using outgassing treatment, acidic treatment or alkaline treatment was studied. The adsorption isotherm results indicated that carbon surface acidity played a very important role in the adsorption of BPA. It was found that increasing surface acidity would increase the hydrogen bonding effects and increase adsorption of BPA on activated carbon. The acidic modified sample (F600-A and OLC-A) represented the best adsorption capacity, and the equilibrium adsorption amounts reached 346.42 and 338.55 mg/g, respectively. Further, effects of surface charge and surface basicity were examined. It was found that the adsorbed amount of BPA decreased with the increase of surface charge. Finally, there appeared to be a significant oligomerization phenomenon with BPA molecules onto the surface of activated carbon. OLC and OLC-OG, which have higher micropore percentages, are very effective in hampering the oligomerization of BPA under oxic conditions.

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