Soil phosphorus accumulation in mountainous alpine grassland contributes to positive climate change feedback via nitrifier and denitrifier community

Abstract. We developed a complex Earth system model by coupling terrestrial and oceanic carbon cycle components into the Bergen Climate Model. For this study, we have generated two model simulations (one with climate change inclusions and the other without) to study the large scale climate and carbon cycle variability as well as its feedback for the period 1850–2100. The simulations are performed based on historical and future IPCC CO2 emission scenarios. Globally, a pronounced positive climate-carbon cycle feedback is simulated by the terrestrial carbon cycle model, but smaller signals are shown by the oceanic counterpart. Over land, the regional climate-carbon cycle feedback is highlighted by increased soil respiration, which exceeds the enhanced production due to the atmospheric CO2 fertilization effect, in the equatorial and northern hemisphere mid-latitude regions. For the ocean, our analysis indicates that there are substantial temporal and spatial variations in climate impact on the air-sea CO2 fluxes. This implies feedback mechanisms act inhomogeneously in different ocean regions. In the North Atlantic subpolar gyre, the simulated future cooling of SST improves the CO2 gas solubility in seawater and, hence, reduces the strength of positive climate carbon cycle feedback in this region. In most ocean regions, the changes in the Revelle factor is dominated by changes in surface pCO2, and not by the warming of SST. Therefore, the solubility-associated positive feedback is more prominent than the buffer capacity feedback. In our climate change simulation, the retreat of Southern Ocean sea ice due to melting allows an additional ~20 Pg C uptake as compared to the simulation without climate change.

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Dynamics of alpine grassland NPP and its response to climate change in Northern Tibet

Climatic Change ◽

10.1007/s10584-009-9617-z ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 97 (3-4) ◽

pp. 515-528 ◽

Cited By ~ 90

Author(s):

Qingzhu Gao ◽

Yue Li ◽

Yunfan Wan ◽

Xiaobo Qin ◽

Wangzha Jiangcun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Alpine Grassland ◽

Northern Tibet

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Climate Change: Climate Literacy and Response among USM Students

Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) ◽

10.17762/turcomat.v12i3.1168 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 2205-2210

Author(s):

Wan Nur Syamilah Wan Ali Et.al

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Significant Relationship ◽

Climate Response ◽

Level Of Education ◽

Change Level ◽

Change Climate ◽

Literacy Level ◽

Climate Literacy ◽

Positive Climate

Climate change is a serious issue that not only affects Malaysia but also worldwide. Previous studies found that climate literacy may have a significant relationship with climate response while the level of education does not affect climate literacy. Thus, this study was conducted to gauge the level of climate literacy as well as their responses for Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) students. A mobile climate application named SmaCli is proposed at the end of this study to address the issue of negative response towards climate change. The featuresof SmaCli are based on responses solicited from the questionnaire and the aim is to enhance climate literacy and encourage positive responses. However, for this paper, the prototype of the application is not included. A total of 196 responses were collected which consists of postgraduate and undergraduate students. The study found that 66% of the respondents have high literacy on climate change, level of education has no significant relationship with climate literacy level, mitigation act (climate response) showed a significant relationship with climate literacy level, and adaptation act (climate response) has no significant relationship with climate literacy. Hence, a concerted effort is still needed to improve climate literacy levels to ensure a positive climate response.

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Projected changes of alpine grassland carbon dynamics in response to climate change and elevated CO2concentrations under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) scenarios

10.1101/595926 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Pengfei Han ◽

Xiaohui Lin ◽

Wen Zhang ◽

Guocheng Wang

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Tibetan Plateau ◽

Carbon Cycle ◽

Carbon Budget ◽

Carbon Fluxes ◽

Carbon Dynamics ◽

Alpine Grassland ◽

The Tibetan Plateau ◽

Rcp Scenarios ◽

Representative Concentration Pathways

AbstractThe Tibetan Plateau is an important component of the global carbon cycle due to the large permafrost carbon pool and its vulnerability to climate warming. The Tibetan Plateau has experienced a noticeable warming over the past few decades and is projected to continue warming in the future. However, the direction and magnitude of carbon fluxes responses to climate change and elevated CO2concentration under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) scenarios in the Tibetan Plateau grassland are poorly known. Here, we used a calibrated and validated biogeochemistry model, CENTURY, to quantify the contributions of climate change and elevated CO2on the future carbon budget in the alpine grassland under three RCP scenarios. Though the Tibetan Plateau grassland was projected a net carbon sink of 16 ~ 25 Tg C yr-1in the 21st century, the capacity of carbon sequestration was predicted to decrease gradually because climate-driven increases in heterotrophic respiration (Rh) (with linear slopes 0.49 ~ 1.62 g C m-2yr-1) was greater than the net primary production (NPP) (0.35 ~ 1.52 g C m-2yr-1). However, the elevated CO2contributed more to plant growth (1.9% ~ 7.3%) than decomposition (1.7% ~ 6.1%), which could offset the warming-induced carbon loss. The interannual and decadal-scale dynamics of the carbon fluxes in the alpine grassland were primarily controlled by temperature, while the role of precipitation became increasingly important in modulating carbon cycle. The strengthened correlation between precipitation and carbon budget suggested that further research should consider the performance of precipitation in evaluating carbon dynamics in a warmer climate scenario.

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Opinions of 12 to 13-year-olds in Austria and Australia on the worry, cause and imminence of Climate Change

10.1101/333237 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Inez Harker-Schuch ◽

Frank Mills ◽

Steven Lade ◽

Rebecca Colvin

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Science Communication ◽

Adult Population ◽

Climate Change Policy ◽

Climate Science ◽

Age Group ◽

School Students ◽

Cultural Worldview ◽

Change Policy ◽

Positive Climate

AbstractAlthough we are in the third decade of climate science communication as a discipline, and there is overwhelming scientific consensus and physical evidence for climate change, the general public continues to wrestle with climate change policy and advocacy. Early adolescence (12 to 13 years old) is a critical but under-researched demographic for the formation of attitudes related to climate change. This paper presents opinions on the worry, cause, and imminence of climate change that were collected fromn=463 1styear secondary school students (12-13 years old) in public secondary schools in inner-urban centres in Austria and Australia. Overall, 86.83% of eligible respondents agreed that climate change was probably or definitely something we should worry about, 80.33% agreed that climate change was probably or definitely caused by humans, and 83.17% agreed that climate change was probably or definitely something that was happening now. The respondents’ opinions were also compared to their respective adult population, with Australian 12-13 year olds showing strong positive climate-friendly attitudes, both in comparison to their adult population, and to their Austrian peers. In addition, although the opinions of Austrian 12-13 year olds were quite high, they did not reflect the higher climate-friendly opinions of their adult community. Our results suggest that socio-cultural worldview or socio-cultural cognition theory may not have the influence on this age group as it does on the respective adult population – and, if they are affected, there are attitudes or factors in this age group which resist the opinion-influence from their mature community. These findings are significant as early adolescents may be pivotal in the climate science communication arena and investigating their opinions with regard to climate change may offer an unexplored and under-utilised target for future communication efforts and climate literacy programmes.

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Use of Cowpea to Manage Soil Phosphorus Accumulation from Poultry Litter Applications in a Cool-season Vegetable Rotation

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.4.591a ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 591a-591

Author(s):

Clydette Alsup ◽

Brian A. Kahn

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Spinacia Oleracea ◽

Soil Phosphorus ◽

Poultry Litter ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Cool Season ◽

Soil P ◽

Phosphorus Accumulation ◽

Turnip Greens ◽

Vegetable Rotation

Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata L. (Walp.)] cover crops were grown in a rotation with broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck.), spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), and turnip greens [Brassica rape L. var. (DC.) Metzg. utilis] to evaluate the legume's ability to remove excess P from soils when poultry litter was used as a fertilizer. Fertilizer treatments were litter to meet each crop's recommended preplant N requirements (1X), litter at twice the recommended rate, and urea at the IX rate as the control. Following the vegetable crops, cowpeas were planted on half of each replication, while the other half was fallowed. The cowpeas were harvested for green-shell seeds and then underwent a simulated haying operation. Soil samples were taken at 0-to 15-cm and 15- to 30-cm depths at the onset of the study and after each crop to monitor plant nutrient levels. The cowpeas effectively lowered soil N levels but not soil P levels. However, there was no consistent evidence of an increase in soil P or K levels with litter applications. All three vegetable crops were successfully grown using poultry litter, although the 1X rate appeared inadequate for maximum production of broccoli and turnip greens.

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Kierkegaard in the Anthropocene: Hope, Philosophy, and the Climate Crisis

Religions ◽

10.3390/rel11060279 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 279

Author(s):

Ruby Guyatt

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Empirical Research ◽

Religious Faith ◽

Therapeutic Practice ◽

Christian Philosophy ◽

Climate Action ◽

Climate Crisis ◽

Positive Climate ◽

Affective Dimensions

What is the role of hope in the climate crisis? What type of hope does this crisis demand? How can we sustain hope, in order to resist falling into fatalistic despair or paralyzing fear, whilst always guarding against hope giving way to happy complacency? This essay considers these urgent questions through a novel encounter between the Christian philosophy of Søren Kierkegaard, and recent eco-critical and empirical research on the affectivity of climate change mobilization. I begin by outlining the scope and aims of this essay (1st section), before introducing some affective dimensions of the climate crisis (2nd section), particularly the place of hope. Next, I examine Kierkegaard’s account of hope, and explore the extent to which it corresponds to the type of hope needed in the climate crisis (3rd section). Here, I show that Kierkegaardian hope is a therapeutic practice which subverts the eco-anxiety and sense of helplessness that can otherwise prevent individuals from engaging in positive climate action. Finally, I compare Kierkegaard’s theologically grounded hope with the hope held by climate change activists without religious faith (4th section). Participating in collective climate action anchors the individual’s hopes in a larger, collective hope, which I suggest is sustainable in ways that are partially analogous to the therapeutic functions of Kierkegaard’s Christian hope.

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The uses of poetry to effect positive climate-change policy

Ecological Integrity, Law and Governance ◽

10.4324/9781351185479-21 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 207-214

Author(s):

Joan Gibb Engel

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Climate Change Policy ◽

Change Policy ◽

Positive Climate

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Accumulation of plant nutrients and changes in soil properties of sandy soils under fertilized pasture in southeastern South-Australia .I. Phosphorus

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr9870193 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 193 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

DC Lewis ◽

AL Clarke ◽

WB Hall

Keyword(s):

Organic Phosphorus ◽

Soil Phosphorus ◽

Balance Sheet ◽

South Australia ◽

Single Superphosphate ◽

Phosphorus Accumulation ◽

Total Soil Phosphorus ◽

Clay Layers ◽

Stocking Rates ◽

Phosphorus Levels

The accumulation of phosphorus applied as superphosphate over a 25-year period to pastures growing on sand over clay soils was measured in three areas of different rainfall in the south-east of South Australia. Total soil phosphorus levels increased in the 0-10 cm, 10-30 cm and 30 cm-clay layers for all areas, but no accumulation occurred in the clay layer. For every 100 kg ha-1 of single superphosphate (9.6% phosphorus) applied, 2.0, 3.2 and 3.5 kg ha-1 of phosphorus accumulated in the 0-10 cm layer for the Hundreds of Coles, Willalooka and Senior respectively. The recoveries of applied phosphorus in the sand layer for the three areas were 42, 57 and 75% for Coles, Willalooka and Senior respectively. The annual accumulation rates of organic phosphorus in the top 30 cm of soil ranged from 2.4 to 3.5 kg ha-1. By using a 'balance sheet' approach, the annual maintenance phosphate requirements for the three areas were calculated. These ranged from 60 to 165 kg ha-1 of superphosphate, and were associated with differences in leaching losses, stocking rates and organic phosphorus accumulation.

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