The Effect of Donor Transportation on the Function of Donor’s Organs

Background: The impact of donor transportation on the outcome of deceased organ donation remains largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effect of donor transportation on the function of the donor’s organs. Methods: From 2016 to 2018, 139 donors of successful deceased organ donation from the local (primary) hospitals transferred to our hospital were included for analysis. Blood samples were drawn immediately after the donor admitted to our hospital (pre-transport data) and before donation (post-transport data) to assess the donor’s organ functions by determining the levels of blood biochemical indexes. Results: The donor with a transport distance >200 km had higher post-transportation AST and a bigger change of TB level as compared with those with a transport distance < 200 km. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between transport distance and post-transport AST. The donors with cardiac arrest history had significantly higher pre-transport AST, pre-transport ALT, post-transport ALT, post-transport BUN, and the change level of BUN after transport as compared with those without cardiac arrest history. The donors with a history of cranial decompression surgery had significantly lower pre-transport AST, pre-transport ALT, and post-transport Cr as compared with those without a history of cranial decompression surgery. Conclusion: These results suggested that long-distance donor transportation may result in organ function deterioration, especially for donors with a cardiac arrest history. Donors with a history of intracranial decompression surgery can alleviate this problem.

Climate Change: Climate Literacy and Response among USM Students

Climate change is a serious issue that not only affects Malaysia but also worldwide. Previous studies found that climate literacy may have a significant relationship with climate response while the level of education does not affect climate literacy. Thus, this study was conducted to gauge the level of climate literacy as well as their responses for Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) students. A mobile climate application named SmaCli is proposed at the end of this study to address the issue of negative response towards climate change. The featuresof SmaCli are based on responses solicited from the questionnaire and the aim is to enhance climate literacy and encourage positive responses. However, for this paper, the prototype of the application is not included. A total of 196 responses were collected which consists of postgraduate and undergraduate students. The study found that 66% of the respondents have high literacy on climate change, level of education has no significant relationship with climate literacy level, mitigation act (climate response) showed a significant relationship with climate literacy level, and adaptation act (climate response) has no significant relationship with climate literacy. Hence, a concerted effort is still needed to improve climate literacy levels to ensure a positive climate response.

RECOMENDAÇÕES PARA A IMPLANTAÇÃO DE SISTEMAS DE GESTÃO AMBIENTAL DE ACORDO COM A ISO 14001:2015

<p>Com a reformulação da norma ISO14001, em 2015, surgiram novos desafios para as organizações implementarem o Sistemas de Gestão Ambiental (SGA). O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as alterações dos requisitos apresentados na versão da ISO 14001:2015 e propor recomendações para a implantação do SGA. Os procedimentos metodológicos adotados foram realizar a análise documental comparativa dos requisitos das versões da norma (2004 e 2015) e utilizá-la como base para um estudo exploratório, por meio da aplicação de questionários para consultores e auditores que trabalhavam com a ISO 14001. A análise documental comparativa possibilitou a avaliação de 44 requisitos quanto às orientações para a implantação do SGA. Os resultados mostraram 07 itens classificados com grau de alteração alto; 12 itens, com grau de alteração médio; e 25 itens, com grau de alteração baixo. A partir das respostas aos 30 questionários e da análise documental realizada, este trabalho produziu 08 recomendações principais para ajudar as organizações na implantação do SGA, de acordo com a nova versão da ISO 14001. Além de ajudar no processo de desenvolvimento de SGAs, estas recomendações podem contribuir para novas pesquisas.</p><p> </p><p align="center">RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS ACCORDING TO ISO 14001:2015</p>After the recasting of ISO 14001 normative, in 2015, new challenges were established in relation to the implementation of Environmental Management Systems (EMS) by the organizations. The aim of this work was to evaluate the changes of requirements presented in the ISO 14001:2015 version and to propose recommendations to the implementation of EMS. The methodological procedures adopted were the comparative documentary analysis of rule versions (2004 and 2015), serving as the basis for the exploratory study with application of surveys for consultants and auditors that worked with the ISO 14001. The comparative documentary analysis enabled the assessment of 44 requirements in relation to the orientations for the implementation of EMS. The results showed 07 items evaluated with high change level, 12 items evaluated with medium change level and 25 items evaluated with low change level. From the responses received of the 30 questionnaires and the documentary analysis realized, 08 main recommendations were established to help the organizations in the implementation of EMS based on the new ISO 14001 version. Besides contributing in the development process of EMS, these recommendations can help to new research.

Do Environmental Policy Stringency Promote Human Development in Developing Countries?

This article analyses the effect of multilaterals environmental agreements (MEAs), the Ministry of Environment and Environmental Democracy on human development in developing countries. The sample comprises 72 countries and the data cover the period from 1995 to 2017. The analysis is carried out in cross-section and the estimation technique is that of double least squares. The results show that MEAs, the ministry of environment and environmental democracy increase the human development index. The results also show that MEAs reduce child mortality, income inequality, and improve secondary school completion rates. Finally, our results indicate that climate change, level of development and geographical location impact on human development in developing countries. We therefore recommend that these countries promote environmental policy stringency while improving their level of governance.

Evaluasi Program Gerakan Furudhul Ainiyah (Gefa) dengan Menggunakan Model Kirkpatrick

This study discusses the Gerakan Furudul Ainiyah (GEFA) which was conducted in Madrasah of East Java. To value its effectiveness, a comprehensive evaluation of the program and the process of program implementation needs to be conducted, and different evaluations need to be approved. There are several models that can be used to measure the effectiveness of the programs and the implementation processes such as the CIPP model, Stake Countenance, and the others. This study offers a program evaluation model that is the Kirkpatrick model that will evaluate in deeply levels, with four levels namely reaction levels, impact program level, learning change level and outcome level. From those various levels, they are equipped with instruments of assessment.

Exploring the Relationship between Sustainable Projects and Institutional Isomorphisms: A Project Typology

With the increase in awareness about the wide range of issues and adverse effects associated with the use of conventional energy sources came an increase in project management research related to sustainability and sustainable development. Part of that research is devoted to the development of sustainable project typologies that classify projects based on a variety of external factors that can significantly impact these projects. This research focuses on developing a sustainable project typology that classifies sustainable projects based on the external institutional influences. The typology explores the influence of the coercive, normative, and mimetic institutional isomorphisms on the expected level of change, level of uncertainty, project team skills and experience levels, and the level of technology information exchange in sustainable projects. Two case studies are presented to demonstrate the use of the typology to classify sustainable projects based on the external institutional influences.

Evaluation of Academic Staff Job Satisfaction at Malaysian Universities in the Context of Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory

Most academic staff don’t know what exactly makes them satisfy or dissatisfy at university and based on which effective factors they can improve and increase the level of their outcomes. Dissatisfaction occurred amongst academic staff when they don’t receive any basic motivational factors, versa job satisfaction happened when they obtained at least the fundamental facilities and considered via workplace (managers, leaders, and supervisors). There are numerous and effective factors that change attitudes and feelings of academic staff toward the job, likewise, change level of their outcomes; furthermore, recognizing these effective factors that rise level of job satisfaction among these group of staff; similarly, analyzing this factor as one of the important organizational factors in the context of Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory determined as main objective of this literature review. Overall, in this research endeavors to finding brilliant points and motivational factors that influence job satisfaction and clarifies them in an educational situation such as the university.

3-(4-Methoxyl)-1-(2-(4-coumarin)prop)-2-en-1-one inhibits the differentiation of osteoclasts

Background: Osteoclasts are large terminal-differentiated cells with multiple nuclei and are the only cells with bone resorption activity in the body. The abnormal migration and differentiation of osteoclasts may accelerate bone absorption, a crucial process in the occurrence and development of osteoporosis. Regulating the differentiation and activation of osteoclasts is a breakthrough point for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Coumarin derivative of 3-(4-methoxyl)-1-(2-(4-coumarin) prop)-2-en-1-one (MCPEO) was selected in this study. We aimed to investigate the effects of (MCPEO) on osteoclast differentiation. Methods: Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) were collected from 6-week-old ICR mice and inoculated in vitro. BM-MNC and RAW264.7 cells were induced by the receptor activator of nuclear factor κ B ligand (RANKL) to differentiate them into osteoclasts. The cells were then added with 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, and 1 μM MCPEO. The cell viability of differentiated osteoclasts was analyzed by methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay. The differentiated osteoclasts were detected by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. Miuse osteoclast activation was investigated by absorptive activity analysis. Filamentous actin (F-actin) staining was employed to identify the formation of F-actin rings in the differentiated mouse osteoclasts. The change level of critical transcription factors related to osteoclast differentiation was determined by Western blot analysis. Results: Data show that MCPEO affected the cell viability of differentiated osteoclasts, inhibited the formation of TRAP-positive polynuclear cells, and decreased the absorption activity and the formation of F-actin rings in the differentiated osteoclasts. Furthermore, MCPEO influenced the change level of crucial transcription factors related to osteoclast differentiation. Conclusions: MCPEO inhibited the differentiation of RANKL-induced BM-MNC and RAW264.7 cells into osteoclasts.