Mixture toxicity of TiO2 NPs and tetracycline at two trophic levels in the marine ecosystem: Chlorella sp. and Artemia salina

AbstractThe resistance of an east border upwelling system was investigated using relative index of marine pelagic biomass estimates under a changing environment spanning 20-years in the strongly exploited southern Canary Current Large marine Ecosystem (sCCLME). We divided the sCCLME in two parts (north and south of Cap Blanc), based on oceanographic regimes. We delineated two size-based groups (“plankton” and “pelagic fish”) corresponding to lower and higher trophic levels, respectively. Over the 20-year period, all spatial remote sensing environmental variables increased significantly, except in the area south of Cap Blanc where sea surface Chlorophyll-a concentrations declined and the upwelling favorable wind was stable. Relative index of marine pelagic abundance was higher in the south area compared to the north area of Cap Blanc. No significant latitudinal shift to the mass center was detected, regardless of trophic level. Relative pelagic abundance did not change, suggesting sCCLME pelagic organisms were able to adapt to changing environmental conditions. Despite strong annual variability and the presence of major stressors (overfishing, climate change), the marine pelagic ressources, mainly fish and plankton remained relatively stable over the two decades, advancing our understanding on the resistance of this east border upwelling system.

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Influence of differently functionalized polystyrene microplastics on the toxic effects of P25 TiO2 NPs towards marine algae Chlorella sp.

Aquatic Toxicology ◽

10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.12.014 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 207 ◽

pp. 208-216 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Vignesh Thiagarajan ◽

V. Iswarya ◽

Abraham Julian P. ◽

R. Seenivasan ◽

N. Chandrasekaran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Marine Algae ◽

Toxic Effects ◽

Tio2 Nps ◽

Chlorella Sp

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Environmental Risk Assessment of Vehicle Exhaust Particles on Aquatic Organisms of Different Trophic Levels

Toxics ◽

10.3390/toxics9100261 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 261

Author(s):

Konstantin Pikula ◽

Mariya Tretyakova ◽

Alexander Zakharenko ◽

Seyed Ali Johari ◽

Sergey Ugay ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Sea Urchin ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Aquatic Organisms ◽

Artemia Salina ◽

Trophic Levels ◽

Submicron Particles ◽

Vehicle Exhaust ◽

Exhaust Particles ◽

The Difference

Vehicle emission particles (VEPs) represent a significant part of air pollution in urban areas. However, the toxicity of this category of particles in different aquatic organisms is still unexplored. This work aimed to extend the understanding of the toxicity of the vehicle exhaust particles in two species of marine diatomic microalgae, the planktonic crustacean Artemia salina, and the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius. These aquatic species were applied for the first time in the risk assessment of VEPs. Our results demonstrated that the samples obtained from diesel-powered vehicles completely prevented egg fertilization of the sea urchin S. intermedius and caused pronounced membrane depolarization in the cells of both tested microalgae species at concentrations between 10 and 100 mg/L. The sample with the highest proportion of submicron particles and the highest content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) had the highest growth rate inhibition in both microalgae species and caused high toxicity to the crustacean. The toxicity level of the other samples varied among the species. We can conclude that metal content and the difference in the concentrations of PAHs by itself did not directly reflect the toxic level of VEPs, but the combination of both a high number of submicron particles and high PAH concentrations had the highest toxic effect on all the tested species.

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Effect of 10 UV Filters on the Brine Shrimp Artemia salina and the Marine Microalga Tetraselmis sp.

Toxics ◽

10.3390/toxics8020029 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 29

Author(s):

Evane Thorel ◽

Fanny Clergeaud ◽

Lucie Jaugeon ◽

Alice M. S. Rodrigues ◽

Julie Lucas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brine Shrimp ◽

Artemia Salina ◽

Trophic Levels ◽

Aquatic Environments ◽

Uv Filters ◽

Personal Care Product ◽

Marine Microalga ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Living Organisms ◽

First Time

The presence of pharmaceutical and personal care product (PPCP) residues in the aquatic environment is an emerging issue due to their uncontrolled release through gray water, and accumulation in the environment that may affect living organisms, ecosystems and public health. The aim of this study is to assess the toxicity of benzophenone-3 (BP-3), bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine (BEMT), butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (BM), methylene bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol (MBBT), 2-ethylhexyl salicylate (ES), diethylaminohydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate (DHHB), diethylhexyl butamido triazone (DBT), ethylhexyl triazone (ET), homosalate (HS) and octocrylene (OC) on marine organisms from two major trophic levels, including autotrophs (Tetraselmis sp.) and heterotrophs (Artemia salina). In general, results showed that both HS and OC were the most toxic UV filters for our tested species, followed by a significant effect of BM on Artemia salina due to BM—but only at high concentrations (1 mg/L). ES, BP3 and DHHB affected the metabolic activity of the microalgae at 100 µg/L. BEMT, DBT, ET, MBBT had no effect on the tested organisms, even at high concentrations (2 mg/L). OC toxicity represents a risk for those species, since concentrations used in this study are 15–90 times greater than those reported in occurrence studies for aquatic environments. For the first time in the literature, we report HS toxicity on a microalgae species at concentrations complementing those found in aquatic environments. These preliminary results could represent a risk in the future if concentrations of OC and HS continue to increase.

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PISCES-v2: an ocean biogeochemical model for carbon and ecosystem studies

Geoscientific Model Development Discussions ◽

10.5194/gmdd-8-1375-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 1375-1509 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

O. Aumont ◽

C. Ethé ◽

A. Tagliabue ◽

L. Bopp ◽

M. Gehlen

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Marine Ecosystem ◽

Trophic Levels ◽

Full Description ◽

Biogeochemical Model ◽

Ecosystem Studies ◽

Ocean Biogeochemical Model ◽

Iron Chemistry ◽

Steady State Simulation

Abstract. PISCES-v2 is a biogeochemical model which simulates the lower trophic levels of marine ecosystem (phytoplankton, microzooplankton and mesozooplankton) and the biogeochemical cycles of carbon and of the main nutrients (P, N, Fe, and Si). The model is intended to be used for both regional and global configurations at high or low spatial resolutions as well as for short-term (seasonal, interannual) and long-term (climate change, paleoceanography) analyses. There are twenty-four prognostic variables (tracers) including two phytoplankton compartments (diatoms and nanophytoplankton), two zooplankton size-classes (microzooplankton and mesozooplankton) and a description of the carbonate chemistry. Formulations in PISCES-v2 are based on a mixed Monod–Quota formalism: on one hand, stoichiometry of C/N/P is fixed and growth rate of phytoplankton is limited by the external availability in N, P and Si. On the other hand, the iron and silicium quotas are variable and growth rate of phytoplankton is limited by the internal availability in Fe. Various parameterizations can be activated in PISCES-v2, setting for instance the complexity of iron chemistry or the description of particulate organic materials. So far, PISCES-v2 has been coupled to the NEMO and ROMS systems. A full description of PISCES-v2 and of its optional functionalities is provided here. The results of a quasi-steady state simulation are presented and evaluated against diverse observational and satellite-derived data. Finally, some of the new functionalities of PISCES-v2 are tested in a series of sensitivity experiments.

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Combined Toxicity of TiO2 Nanospherical Particles and TiO2 Nanotubes to Two Microalgae with Different Morphology

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano10122559 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 2559

Author(s):

Zhuang Wang ◽

Shiguang Jin ◽

Fan Zhang ◽

Degao Wang

Keyword(s):

Binary Mixtures ◽

Tio2 Nanotubes ◽

Binary Systems ◽

Scenedesmus Obliquus ◽

Mixture Toxicity ◽

Dispersion Stability ◽

Concentration Addition ◽

Combined Toxicity ◽

Tio2 Nps ◽

Different Dimensions

The joint activity of multiple engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) has attracted much attention in recent years. Many previous studies have focused on the combined toxicity of different ENPs with nanostructures of the same dimension. However, the mixture toxicity of multiple ENPs with different dimensions is much less understood. Herein, we investigated the toxicity of the binary mixture of TiO2 nanospherical particles (NPs) and TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) to two freshwater algae with different morphology, namely, Scenedesmus obliquus and Chlorella pyrenoidosa. The physicochemical properties, dispersion stability, and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined in the single and binary systems. Classical approaches to assessing mixture toxicity were applied to evaluate and predict the toxicity of the binary mixtures. The results show that the combined toxicity of TiO2 NPs and NTs to S. obliquus was between the single toxicity of TiO2 NTs and NPs, while the combined toxicity to C. pyrenoidosa was higher than their single toxicity. Moreover, the toxicity of the binary mixtures to C. pyrenoidosa was higher than that to S. obliquus. A toxic unit assessment showed that the effects of TiO2 NPs and NTs were additive to the algae. The combined toxicity to S. obliquus and C. pyrenoidosa can be effectively predicted by the concentration addition model and the independent action model, respectively. The mechanism of the toxicity caused by the binary mixtures of TiO2 NPs and NTs may be associated with the dispersion stability of the nanoparticles in aquatic media and the ROS-induced oxidative stress effects. Our results may offer a new insight into evaluating and predicting the combined toxicological effects of ENPs with different dimensions and of probing the mechanisms involved in their joint toxicity.

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South American sea lions Otaria byronia as biological samplers of local cephalopod fauna in the Patagonian shelf marine ecosystem

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom ◽

10.1017/s0025315419000432 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 99 (06) ◽

pp. 1459-1463

Author(s):

R. L. Bustos ◽

G. A. Daneri ◽

E. A. Varela ◽

A. Harrington ◽

A. V. Volpedo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Marine Mammals ◽

Marine Ecosystem ◽

Isotopic Signature ◽

Trophic Levels ◽

Trophic Relationships ◽

South American ◽

Sea Lions ◽

Patagonian Shelf ◽

Important Prey ◽

Top Predators

AbstractCephalopods are important prey in the diet of top predators, such as marine mammals and seabirds. However, detailed information on their trophic relationships in the Patagonian marine ecosystem is scarce, including those cephalopod species with commercial interest. The aims of this study were to evaluate the composition of the cephalopod component in the diet of Otaria byronia and determine the habitat use and trophic levels of their main cephalopod prey by measuring the stable isotopic signature of cephalopod beaks. Between May 2005 and February 2009, fresh faecal samples were collected from two sea lions rookeries in San Matias Gulf. Cephalopods occurred in 39.4% of the 1112 samples collected during the whole period of study. The dominant prey species was Octopus tehuelchus, which occurred in 45.8% of scats containing cephalopod remains, and represented 58.7% in terms of numerical abundance and 52.0% in mass of cephalopods consumed. The second species most consumed was the myopsid Doryteuthis gahi. The significant higher δ15N values of O. tehuelchus beaks in comparison with those of D. gahi showed that these two species have different trophic levels while occupying similar habitat (δ13C values) in neritic waters of the Patagonian shelf.

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Modeling mercury cycling in the marine environment

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-14875 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Johannes Bieser ◽

Ute Daewel ◽

Corinna Schrum

Keyword(s):

Numerical Models ◽

Marine Ecosystem ◽

Ecosystem Model ◽

Trophic Levels ◽

Modeling Framework ◽

Modeling Tools ◽

Large Variability ◽

Marine Ecosystem Model ◽

Set Up ◽

Fully Coupled

Five decades of Hg science have shown the tremendous complexity of the global Hg cycle. Yet, the pathways that lead from anthropogenic Hg emissions to MeHg exposure through sea food are not fully comprehended. Moreover, the observed amount of MeHg in fish exhibits a large temporal and spatial variability that we cannot predict yet. A key issue is that fully speciated Hg measurements in the ocean are difficult to perform and thus we will never be able to achieve a comprehensive spatial and temporal coverage.Therefore, we need complex modeling tools that allow us to fill the gaps in the observations and to predict future changes in the system under changing external drivers (emissions, climate change, ecosystem changes). Numerical models have a long history in Hg research, but so far have virtually only addressed inorganic Hg cycling in atmosphere and oceans.Here we present a novel 3d-hydrodynamic mercury modeling framework based on fully coupled compartmental models including atmosphere, ocean, and ecosystem. The generalized high resolution model has been set up for European shelf seas and was used to model the transition zone from estuaries to the open ocean. Based on this model we present our findings on intra- and inter-annual dynamics and variability of mercury speciation and distribution in a coastal ocean. Moreover, we present the first results on the dynamics of mercury bio-accumulation from a fully coupled marine ecosystem model. Most importantly, the model is able to reproduce the large variability in methylmercury accumulation in higher trophic levels.

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Trophic ecology of the blue shark (Prionace glauca) based on stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) and stomach content

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom ◽

10.1017/s0025315415001393 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 96 (7) ◽

pp. 1403-1410 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Sandra Berenice Hernández-Aguilar ◽

Ofelia Escobar-Sánchez ◽

Felipe Galván-Magaña ◽

Leonardo Andrés Abitia-Cárdenas

Keyword(s):

Stable Isotope ◽

Stomach Content ◽

Trophic Ecology ◽

Baja California ◽

Marine Ecosystem ◽

Isotope Analysis ◽

Trophic Levels ◽

Baja California Sur ◽

Δ13c And Δ15n ◽

Prionace Glauca

Occupying the upper levels of trophic webs and thus regulating prey at lower levels, sharks play an important role in the trophic structure and energy dynamics of marine ecosystems. In recent years, the removal of these individuals from upper trophic levels as a result of overfishing has negatively affected ecosystems. We analysed the diet of blue sharks (Prionace glauca) caught off the west coast of Baja California Sur, Mexico, during the months of February–June in 2001, 2005 and 2006. We employed both stomach content and stable isotope analyses as each method provides distinct yet important information regarding the role of blue sharks in marine food webs, allowing us to estimate the relative contribution of different prey items to this predator's diet. Of the 368 stomachs analysed, 210 contained food (57%) and 158 (43%) were empty. Based on stomach contents and the index of relative importance (IRI), the pelagic red crab (Pleuroncodes planipes) was the most important prey, followed by the squids Gonatus californiensis (34.1%) and Ancistrocheirus lesueurii (10.4%). The mean (±SD) values for δ15N (16.48 ± 0.94‰) and δ13C (−18.48 ± 0.63‰) suggest that blue sharks prefer feeding in oceanic waters. The trophic level based on stomach content analysis was 4.05, while that based on the stable isotope analysis was 3.8, making blue sharks top consumers in the marine ecosystem of Baja California Sur, Mexico.

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