Understanding the energy use behaviour of British Indian households to shape optimised sustainable housing strategies in existing housing stock

Social living conditions and related problems are one of the key indicators of the level and rate of socio-economic development of modern society. The housing problem is characterized by several indicators: the housing deficit (quantitative indicator); high cost of housing (financial indicator); the incompatibility of the structure of the housing stock to the demographic structure of families (structural indicator); the incompatibility of existing housing stock requirements to consumer housing quality (quality indicator); the incompatibility of the requirements to maintenance condition of the housing stock (operational indicator); location of housing (infrastructure, environmental and logistics indicators). The purpose of this study is to analyze and highlight the degree of influence of the main factors on the quantitative indicators of the housing problem based on statistical data over the past few years. A statistical analysis of the impact of various factors on the price of housing in three regions of the Russian Federation is conducted. It is established that the main factor influencing the price of housing is the average per capita income of the population.

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Editorial

Open House International ◽

10.1108/ohi-02-2014-b0001 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 4-5

Author(s):

Henk Visscher

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Energy Use ◽

Housing Stock ◽

The European Union ◽

Process Innovations ◽

Energy Saving Potential ◽

Research And Innovation ◽

The People ◽

Technical Innovations ◽

Existing Housing

The existing housing stock has a major energy saving potential and is mostly considered to be the sector in which energy efficiency most cost effectively can be achieved. About 30% of all energy use is consumed in the housing stock. The European union formulates saving targets, policies and regulations that have to be implemented by the member states and a considerable share of the EU budget for research and innovation is dedicated to this challenge. In recent years many policies, investment programmes, technical innovations and process innovations have been developed and been put into practice. However, it appears to be very difficult to realise massive renovation programmes in the existing housing stock and really make a step forward towards the energy efficiency goals. This special issue presents an overview of actual insights of the perspectives of energy efficiency in the housing stock based on several research projects and analyses and discussions about how the current policies will work out and which are the barriers that still have to be taken. We focus on the policies, the processes and the people.

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Building codes vs. the existing housing stock‐some guidelines for energy conservation policy

Scandinavian Housing and Planning Research ◽

10.1080/02815738508730063 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 67-77

Author(s):

Kurt Wickman

Keyword(s):

Energy Conservation ◽

Housing Stock ◽

Conservation Policy ◽

Building Codes ◽

Existing Housing

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NATIONAL BUILDING TYPOLOGY AS A SOURCE FOR AN ADEQUATE REHABILITATION POLICY

Contemporary Materials ◽

10.7251/comen1302137i ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Dušan Ignjatović ◽

Nataša Ćuković Ignjatović ◽

Milica Jovanović Popović

Keyword(s):

Housing Stock ◽

Building Stock ◽

Local Characteristics ◽

Energy Assessment ◽

Starting Point ◽

Building Typology ◽

Comprehensive Survey ◽

Existing Housing ◽

Adequate Data

Serbia’s Law on Planning and Building has imposed the topics of energy efficiency in building sector, requiring adequate policy making and providing a starting point for improvement of the current situation in this field. Considering the fact that there are more than 3.200.000 housing units without any statistical classification a need arose for establishing a national building typology as a starting point for further decision making and appropriate activities definition regarding the existing housing stock. After joining EU TABULA (Typology Approach for Building Stock Energy Assessment) project, methodologies and approaches of the European countries have been analysed providing a common experience, at the same illustrating a need for identification and classification of local characteristics. In order to obtain adequate data a comprehensive survey has been conducted, providing a starting point for creation of typology. The National Typology has identified typical “model” buildings and defined the levels of improvement ranging from standard (according to the current law) to the low-energy level. The paper explains the methodology, procedures and local characteristics of the process and gives an insight in the activity describing the problems and potentials of the approach.

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Enhancing energy efficiency of an existing housing stock

WAYS TO IMPROVE CONSTRUCTION EFFICIENCY ◽

10.32347/2707-501x.2021.47(2).3-10 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (47) ◽

pp. 3-10

Author(s):

K.V. Izmaylova ◽

L.A. Kharchenko

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

User Behavior ◽

Housing Stock ◽

Cost Model ◽

Positive Trend ◽

Improve Energy Efficiency ◽

Operation Period ◽

Existing Housing ◽

Full Operation

The article analyzes domestic and international experience in the field of energy efficiency and energy security. Thus, it was important to adopt the Law of Ukraine "On the Energy Efficiency of Buildings", which introduced mandatory certification of buildings by energy consumption classes. The study of sources on the issues of effective energy consumption showed that issues related to improving the energy efficiency of buildings and structures are acquiring special relevance; the use of foreign models to improve the energy efficiency of the housing stock. Specific organizational and economic measures are highlighted that will help improve the energy efficiency of the national economy. The Swedish experience of using a modern cost model for the full period of operation ("General Concept") is studied, which aims to assess the economic results of investments in measures to improve the energy efficiency of the housing stock. The main principles of the modern cost model of the full operation period and the criteria for determining the number of necessary energy efficiency measures are considered. Analyzed "hard" (physical condition of the building) and "soft" (user behavior) measures that provide for the integrated energy efficiency of the building. The stages of the analysis according to the cost model of the full operation period are considered. The typical for Sweden ranges of the duration of energy efficient measures and the requirements for the internal rate of return, which depends on the general economic situation in the country and the terms of the loan, have been investigated. Based on the results of the energy audit of the ten-story building selected for the study and taking into account the experience of Sweden, a number of measures to improve energy efficiency are proposed and a calculation is given to ensure the energy efficiency of a residential building in Ukraine. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that there is a positive trend in this implementation. With the integrated use of all measures that will even allow you to save more, you can significantly improve the energy efficiency of the existing housing stock in Ukraine.

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Energy Saving Policies for Housing Based on Wrong Assumptions?

Open House International ◽

10.1108/ohi-02-2014-b0010 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 78-83

Author(s):

Henk Visscher ◽

Dasa Majcen ◽

Laure Itard

Keyword(s):

Energy Saving ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Energy Use ◽

Housing Stock ◽

Energy Performance ◽

Research Projects ◽

Building Stock ◽

Energy Saving Potential ◽

Energy Performance Of Buildings ◽

New Buildings

The energy saving potential of the building stock is large and considered to be the most cost efficient to contribute to the CO2 reduction ambitions. Severe governmental policies steering on reducing the energy use seem essential to stimulate and enforce the improvement of the energy performance of buildings with a focus on reducing the heating and cooling energy demand. In Europe the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive is a driving force for member states to develop and strengthen energy performance regulations for new buildings and energy certificates for the building stock. The goals are to build net zero energy new buildings in 2020 and to reach a neutral energy situation in the whole stock by 2050. More and more research projects deliver insight that the expected impact of stricter regulations for newly built houses is limited and the actual effects of energy savings through housing renovations stay behind the expectations. Theoretical energy use calculated on base of the design standard for new houses and assessment standards for Energy Performance Certificates of existing dwellings differ largely from the measured actual energy use. The paper uses the findings of some Post Occupancy Evaluation research projects. Is the energy saving potential of the housing stock smaller than expected and should we therefore change the policies?

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Assessment of energy performance using bottom-up method

International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation ◽

10.1108/ijbpa-11-2017-0056 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 192-216

Author(s):

Khadidja El-Bahdja Djebbar ◽

Souria Salem ◽

Abderrahmane Mokhtari

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Housing Stock ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Energy Performance ◽

Bottom Up ◽

Content Type ◽

Consumption Index ◽

Physical Information ◽

Thermal Simulations ◽

Existing Housing

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze energy performance of the multi-storey buildings built in the city of Tlemcen between 1872 and 2016. Design/methodology/approach A diagnosis based on a bottom-up methodology, using statistical techniques and engineering, has been developed and applied. To do this, demand condition analysis was conducted using a data collection survey on a sample of 100 case studies. Physical characteristics of the buildings have been determined through the archetype by period. This serves to define the strengths and weaknesses of buildings as energy consumers. Findings The obtained results showed that dwellings built between 1872 and 1920 offer better energy performance with a consumption index close to 130kWh/m2/year and this compared to the five periods considered. For dwellings built between 1974 and 1989, energy consumption is higher with an index approaching 300kWh/m2/year, thus qualifying the buildings of this period as energy intensive. Originality/value A database is established to collect physical information on the existing housing stock and thus allow their classification vis-à-vis of the energy label. This study is part of a research project aimed at evaluating and determining optimal measures for energy rehabilitation of multi-family buildings in Tlemcen. Thermal rehabilitation solutions are proposed using thermal simulations, in the following studies, to improve thermal performance of existing buildings. This study constitutes the first step of a roadmap applicable to other cities constituting climatic zones in Algeria. This helps to enrich the Algerian thermal regulation in thermal rehabilitation of existing residential buildings and conception of new ones, in urban areas with a similar climate.

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The Uncommon Nightingale: Sustainable Housing Innovation in Australia

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su10103469 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 3469 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Trivess Moore ◽

Andréanne Doyon

Keyword(s):

Scaling Up ◽

Learning By Doing ◽

Housing Development ◽

Building Industry ◽

Sustainability Transitions ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Sustainable Housing ◽

The World ◽

Existing Housing

There is a need to deliver more environmentally and socially sustainable housing if we are to achieve a transition to a low carbon future. There are examples of innovative and sustainable housing emerging around the world which challenge the deeper structures of the existing housing regime. This paper uses the analysis of socio-technical dimensions of eco-housing presented by Smith to explore the development of an emerging sustainable housing model known as Nightingale Housing in Australia within a sustainability transitions framing. While there were several similarities to Smith’s analysis (e.g., establishment of guiding principles, learning by doing), there were also some key differences, including the scaling up of sustainable housing while using tried and tested design principles, materials and technologies, and creating changes to user relations, policy, and culture. Smith’s dimensions remain a good framework for understanding sustainable housing development, but they must be located within a scaling up sustainable housing agenda. What is required now is to develop a better understanding of the processes and opportunities that such housing models offer policy makers, housing researchers, and building industry stakeholders to achieve a broader scale uptake of sustainable housing both in Australia and globally.

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Evidence base for a housing warrant of fitness

SAGE Open Medicine ◽

10.1177/2050312119843028 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 205031211984302 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lucy Telfar-Barnard ◽

Julie Bennett ◽

Andrew Robinson ◽

Albert Hailes ◽

Jenny Ombler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hospital Admissions ◽

Housing Stock ◽

Evidence Base ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Winter Mortality ◽

Major Public Health Issue ◽

Basic Minimum ◽

Existing Housing ◽

The Relationship

Substandard housing is a major public health issue in New Zealand. Approximately, two-thirds of the housing stock is uninsulated and many homes are inadequately heated, with an average indoor temperature of 14.5°C. Cold, damp, and mouldy housing results in poor health; each year, respiratory hospital admissions are 74% higher during winter, and excess winter mortality is 20% higher than other seasons. The relationship between injury and housing conditions is also well established. Each year, 500,000 New Zealanders suffer falls requiring medical treatment in their homes. As a step towards improving the quality of existing housing, an evidence-based warrant of fitness has been developed. This article outlines the evidence base to each criterion in the warrant of fitness. We conclude that introducing and properly enforcing a housing warrant of fitness will ensure that basic minimum standards are met, which could mitigate the disease burdens and injuries associated with, or caused, by poorer quality housing. In addition, there are potential fiscal and economic advantages of the scheme, including reduced hospitalisations and increased productivity.

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Sustainable Communities: Affordable Housing and Socio-economic Relations

Local Economy The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit ◽

10.1080/02690940802407989 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 267-276 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Vida Maliene ◽

Joseph Howe ◽

Naglis Malys

Keyword(s):

Affordable Housing ◽

Sustainable Communities ◽

Key Factors ◽

Economic Relations ◽

Sustainable Housing ◽

The Social ◽

The Uk ◽

The Impact ◽

Existing Housing

Recent UK government objectives are focused on creating sustainable communities to improve quality of life. Housing is a key issue to consider in delivering healthy and attractive communities. In certain areas of housing, lack of supply and consequent problems of affordability have created persistent social and economic pressure. For sustainable communities, housing should be easily available, high-quality, economic, ecological, aesthetically designed and comfortable, thus better suiting the needs of a person. Moreover, the housing must be affordable according to the local and national situation. This article addresses the issue of sustainable communities from the perspectives of housing markets and socio-economics. The study focuses on key factors that are believed to contribute to the currently existing housing situation, assessing the impact of regulated socio-economics upon the sustainable housing and communities. The study also reviews past and current government initiatives and policies relevant to housing and regeneration in the UK. The article finishes with the interview-based study carried out in the Northwest with a reflection on the notion of the sustainable communities plan and its eight key components, the housing market and its dependence on the economic, the social and political environment and it offers recommendations for the further sustainable communities' development within the UK.

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