Investment efficiency of business in Ukraine: realities and assessment methodology

The article systematized factors of investment attractiveness and investment climate in Ukraine. The expediency of supplementinganexistinglist of components of investment climate is substantiated by two additional factors. Themechanismo factionoftheproposedfactorsthatreflectthenegative effectin the developmen to freformsand innovations, aswellas the economic efficiency of construction projects on the financial result, expected from investigations, isrevealed. The trends in the developmen to finvestment activityinUkrainein 2015 - 2020, the existence of reserves for increasing the economic efficiency of investments and the need for their calculation witht hehelpof a special methodological approac hare analyzed. The methodical approach to the evaluation of investment efficiency of constructionis developed, which is based on the magnitude of the multiplier of capital investment in construction inthelong-termperiodandrefinedtheboundariesoftheretrospectivehorizon, which are necessary to determine such a multiplier. The rapid importance of aninvestment multiplier of construction isestablis hedand a methodological approach to qualitative interpretation of this indicator issubstantiated. The basis of a methodological approach is the results of a cluster analysis of aninvestment multiplier in the contex to fvarioustypesofconstructionandregions, the methodof K-medium, aswellaspostulatesofthetheoryoffuzzysets. Within the framework of the developed methodological approach, the "investment attractiveness of construction" characteristicsis presentedin the form of a fuzz yterm-shear, which combines three terms: "Lowefficiency", "averageefficiency", "highlevelofefficiency". Inaccordance with descriptiv estatistics of thereceived clusters, the parameters and type of functions of affiliation, the boundaries of clusters that directly affecttheuse of correctivea mendments to the value of the economic effectof capitalinvestment to the level of the contractor-executor of construction work are substantiated. The sizeofther is kfactorisestablishedtakingintoaccountthetypeofconstructionandmedium-layervalues ​​ofmultipliersofcapitalinvestmentinconstruction. Theuse of the proposed Metdic approach to the analysis of investment efficiency inconstruction makesitpossible to increase the accuracy of calculations on th epre-investmentst age of construction, aswellastoimprovemonitoring of capital investment development, carried out in the process of implementing national investment programs and international investment projects.

Features of the functioning of the Ukrainian market for design work and the development of design in a pandemic.

The market for design work in civil and industrial construction was one of the first to react to the crisis trends during a pandemic in the economy. Back in 2013, the volume of orders declined, and the peak of the decline was in 2014. The main reason for the difficulties is the reduction in investment programs of civil and industrial enterprises, and developers. The Ukrainian market for design works is distinguished by a high level of competition. A large number of design companies are actively working in this market niche. This fact constantly pushes market participants to take active steps to adjust the competitive strategy, positioning strategy and pricing. The primary signs of a crisis in design are also recognized through price indicators, which personify both the cost of the project or design services, and the results of the project enterprise, taking into account the factors that form the price level. In recent years, the price indicators of the construction industry have been unstable and completely dependent on external market conditions. Price as an economic characteristic is a significant regulator in the project market of Ukraine and abroad. The design market is the backbone of the construction industry with a volume of over UAH 1 billion per year and high added value. The field requires highly qualified staffing and the introduction of modern technologies. Outdated systems of training, certification of specialists and technical regulation hinder the development of the project market in Ukraine. The market is prone to underestimated cost of design work. In 2018, the share of design in the total cost of construction in Ukraine averaged 1.5-2%; in France it was 8-13%, and in Great Britain the level reached 10-17%. There is practically no system of state orders for design. Today our market is characterized by technological backwardness. The work of designers is low-paid, which, accordingly, affects the quality. High-quality architecture is more expensive than low-quality one. In Ukraine, the demand for quality design is just beginning to emerge. In this regard, it is very important to create a competitive environment that will contribute to development. The project market, like the construction industry as a whole, is extremely heterogeneous. Currently, there are thousands of various design bureaus and small workshops in Ukraine, employing no more than ten people, and the number of freelance designers cannot be statistically estimated. Prices for design, as well as the approaches used to provide services, differ dramatically in these organizations. A high price for a service does not necessarily guarantee that the quality of its delivery will be the same. Therefore, first of all, one should imagine what kind of work will be performed and what their essence is. Many investors prefer to design their facilities using the services of European specialists. What are the features and secrets of the Ukrainian project market? Are there really so few good designers in their country, and by what parameters can they still be found? The article examines the features of the functioning of the Ukrainian market for design work and the development of design in a pandemic.

Determination of the list of basic construction resources for the analysis of prices for the construction of the Lviv stadium for Euro 2012.

Since 2009, Ukraine has gradually introduced requirements for the minimum level of prices for construction resources, which are set on the basis of its own (construction participants) data bank and market analysis. However, the procedure for creating, filling and maintaining such data banks is not regulated, as well as the method of market analysis and the procedure for determining the lowest market price of construction resources. The article considers the sequence of formation of the list of construction resources for inclusion in the data bank during the implementation and launch of the analysis of current prices in the market of construction resources. Organizational, technical and methodological problems and approaches to their solution are highlighted. The example of the construction of the Lviv stadium for Euro 2012 shows the features of the initial data for the formation of a list of resources for inclusion in the bank of price data and the sequence of their completion, the need for which is dictated by the specifics of domestic design and construction. An algorithm for determining the initial list of construction resources is proposed and the sequence of its execution is considered on an example. Methods for reducing the initial list of construction resources by including only those resources that are essential for determining the total market value of construction resources on any structure are proposed. Namely: pricing material resources and resources that represent groups of homogeneous, similar, resources, from the point of view of the supplier, and are in the same price range (representative resources). A universal methodology for determining pricing resources is proposed and an example of its application is given. A universal methodology for determining generalizing resources (representative resources) for similar materials that have different estimate codes, but equal technical and qualitative characteristics and are in the same price range. An example of its application is given. The set of proposed measures and methods allowed to reduce the total number of positions in the source documents from 4580 to 203 basic resources placed in the database of current prices in the market of construction resources during the construction of the Lviv stadium for Euro-2012. The actual number of construction materials for which price analysis was performed amounted to 309 items with a total value of 98% of the total cost of construction materials of the consolidated statement of resources, with a given threshold of 96%. Labor costs at the stage of launching the price analysis decreased by 77.5% or 4.4 times. Labor costs at the stage of market price analysis decreased by 34.3% or 1.5 times. At the same time, the accuracy of calculations remained within the statistical error.

Enhancing energy efficiency of an existing housing stock

The article analyzes domestic and international experience in the field of energy efficiency and energy security. Thus, it was important to adopt the Law of Ukraine "On the Energy Efficiency of Buildings", which introduced mandatory certification of buildings by energy consumption classes. The study of sources on the issues of effective energy consumption showed that issues related to improving the energy efficiency of buildings and structures are acquiring special relevance; the use of foreign models to improve the energy efficiency of the housing stock. Specific organizational and economic measures are highlighted that will help improve the energy efficiency of the national economy. The Swedish experience of using a modern cost model for the full period of operation ("General Concept") is studied, which aims to assess the economic results of investments in measures to improve the energy efficiency of the housing stock. The main principles of the modern cost model of the full operation period and the criteria for determining the number of necessary energy efficiency measures are considered. Analyzed "hard" (physical condition of the building) and "soft" (user behavior) measures that provide for the integrated energy efficiency of the building. The stages of the analysis according to the cost model of the full operation period are considered. The typical for Sweden ranges of the duration of energy efficient measures and the requirements for the internal rate of return, which depends on the general economic situation in the country and the terms of the loan, have been investigated. Based on the results of the energy audit of the ten-story building selected for the study and taking into account the experience of Sweden, a number of measures to improve energy efficiency are proposed and a calculation is given to ensure the energy efficiency of a residential building in Ukraine. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that there is a positive trend in this implementation. With the integrated use of all measures that will even allow you to save more, you can significantly improve the energy efficiency of the existing housing stock in Ukraine.

Personnel innovations as a factor in increasing the competitiveness of the enterprise

The article substantiates the provisions and practical recommendations for assessing the innovation of staff, human resource management systems in enterprises. The peculiarities of innovative staff development are determined and the degree of influence of human resources innovation on staff competitiveness is assessed. It is substantiated that competitiveness is one of the most important categories of market economy. Significant for the competitiveness of the enterprise together with technologies and methods of production organization are the availability of professional staff, level of motivation, working conditions and various factors that ensure the level of employee competitiveness. The necessity of personnel development as a factor in increasing the efficiency of the enterprise is substantiated. An analysis of existing approaches to determining the competitiveness of staff. The influence of modern global trends is noted. With the need for the transition of Ukraine's economy to a post-industrial model of development, its digitization and robotization, there is a need for new approaches to the formation of knowledge, skills, competencies of personnel. In particular, in the use of the competency approach, which is directly related to changes in the nature and content of work, as well as changes in education and training. Conditions must be created for the integration of education and training in accordance with the needs of the labor market, as well as for ensuring the mobility of staff in several dimensions: vertical (career development), horizontal (industry change) and spatial (territorial relocation). The main advantages of the competency approach are integration potential and flexibility. The key characteristics and features of human resources management as a factor in supporting the growth of innovative development of the enterprise are summarized.

Development of operational construction management in modern conditions

The article highlights the problems that arise in the management process, during the construction of buildings and structures. Operational management is an important part of a single planning system for construction production and has the following ultimate goals: the implementation of tasks for the commissioning of facilities; volume of construction and installation works; increasing labor productivity, etc. The function of operational management includes a continuous impact on the timely implementation of the work provided for in the plan. The stage of operational management includes operational planning and regulation, which includes control, accounting and decision-making. In the process of production, any management decisions related to the implementation of the project are reduced to the establishment of calendar modes of work. When making plans for a long period, it is impossible to take into account all the factors that may arise in the period immediately preceding the start of work. As we approach the planned deadlines, awareness of the specific situation is constantly growing. In modern conditions, in the absence of permanent labor collectives in construction organizations, to the previously defined functions of operational planning should be added the function of providing construction with skilled labor. Creating a network of operational management in accordance with the production program of the construction organization, its structure, possible customer requirements, with the use of modern software packages to significantly improve the quality of operational management in construction. Changes in the process of operational management of construction production should be aimed primarily at eliminating backlogs in the implementation of weekly and daily work schedules. To do this, depending on the causes of the backlog, measures are taken to speed up the work, introduce additional changes, eliminate interruptions in the material support of the work and other measures.

Investigation of the criteria for increasing the operational reliability of building frames

Analysis and generalization of previous studies showed that there is no comprehensive solution to the problem of increasing the operational reliability of building frames, reconstruction and modernization of buildings and structures, taking into account a sustainable approach. After the completion of construction, the frame of the building is constantly and steadily changing and wearing out, as a result, requiring an increase in operational reliability, and these processes are associated with the correct decision-making on changing the bearing capacity of structures and on the technology and organization of the corresponding work. To solve this problem, it is necessary to create a general methodology for a system for modeling constructive and technological solutions. The system's methodology is intended to reduce costs while increasing the reliability of frame structures, taking into account social culture, optimal impact on society, efficient use of resources and environmental principles. Particularly acute is the problem of introducing innovative and effective organizational and constructive-technological solutions to ensure the required performance and functionality with a minimum negative impact on the environment, while taking into account the improvement of economic, social, cultural aspects at the local, regional and global levels. In addition, the necessary criteria are an increase of the bearing capacity, a decrease in deformability and the recovery of the operational suitability of building structures. The article investigates a comprehensive solution to the problem of increasing the operational reliability of building frames during the reconstruction and modernization of buildings and structures. Identified internal and external factors of changes, as well as the main criteria for increasing the operational reliability of building frames. Consideration of these factors as a range of functions makes it possible to predict the long-term needs and behavior of the building frame throughout the entire life cycle, taking into account the degradation of building components and the need to restore or strengthen the elements of the building frames. After collecting and analyzing information on the identified factors, a system of technological solutions is proposed that takes into account a sustainable approach to reconstruction and categories such as organizational and technological solutions, structures, materials, economics, management, ecology, social culture, in particular the impact on society and the environment.

Analysis and generalization of experience in the implementation of engineering services in the implementation of investment and construction projects in Kiev

The article analyzes and summarizes the experience of providing engineering services, namely, customer service in the implementation of investment and construction projects in Kiev. As practical experience shows, most customers tend to have their own customer service in their structure, and despite its presence, the overwhelming majority of them are not satisfied with the results. «Сompany Basis» has conducted a significant number of audits of already implemented investment and construction projects for such companies as Intergalbud, Kievgorstroy, Geos, Brocard and many other companies and private customers. As a result of data analysis, similar problems and difficulties were identified. The main problems are that quite often, in such structures, the attitude to the organization and control of processes is quite nominal. That is, as a rule, there is an algorithm of interaction of all employees, but it is not always followed. At the same time, company executives most often approach such an algorithm from the standpoint. First, they believe that once such a description of all procedures is available, then everyone, of course, performs it. But there is no verification of how exactly employees follow this algorithm. The second option – managers do not take into account the existence of such a mechanism, and when managing the company are guided by the methods to which they are accustomed. And it happens that they try to keep all the details under personal control, even the least important ones. As a result, the manager is very busy, and the expected result is absent. So what needs to be done? It is necessary to develop a clear and understandable road map that takes into account all the nuances of a particular construction project. In the future, implement it in the company's milestones. And in the future to control that all carried out it. If any of the nuances of those. Or other reasons are not taken into account, add it to the existing algorithm and update it as follows. At the same time, there is an understanding that not all employees are ready to unquestioningly adhere to it because everyone has their own experience and is guided by it. For example, it may turn out that the cumulative statement of the volume of work performed is not kept. Either the executive documentation is not kept in the number of copies or not in the form required for delivery and further operation of the object. Thus, it becomes quite clear that a new approach is needed to solve the existing problem. Such a tool is the customer service of the second level, which includes the development of a clear and understandable roadmap, implementation and control of its implementation at all stages of the project.

Mechanisms for implementing Lean - technologies as an innovative approach in modeling the structure of the standard time determining for construction processes implementation

Recently, a significant number of scientists' works have been devoted to the application of the lean-production principles, in particular, the introduction of lean construction. Objective construction cost estimation is a key factor in construction projects. The article discusses the problems, significant losses, low productivity in construction companies and the possibilities of their elimination due to the use of the lean-construction management concept as an innovative approach in modeling the structure of the standard time determining for construction processes implementation in order to increase the company's competitiveness. The productivity of the construction industry worldwide has been falling for the past 40 years. Companies must use appropriate methods to reduce their losses and increase productivity levels so that they can stand in the rapidly changing competitive environment of the current business environment. One of the approaches to improving the situation is the use of "lean management" in the construction industry is the result of the desire of construction business owners to optimize costs and increase labor productivity, the efficiency of organizational and technological processes, and introduce lean- production in the construction industry. A huge number of scientists and construction professionals are trying to change the traditional organizational and technological form of construction production and add value to owners, while making real profits. As a result, lean manufacturing tools have emerged that have been successfully applied to simple and complex construction projects. Ukraine is very far behind in terms of the development level of innovative processes from many countries of the world. Outdated ENiR norms, which were developed without taking into account the Lean strategy, need to be finalized. Of course, the introduction of a lean manufacturing system is a topic for the near future. Thanks to this, it is possible to significantly reduce the cost overruns on projects, as well as the time of their implementation up to 30%, or even more. Therefore, future research objective should be the development of a new modern methodology for determining the standard time, which will take into account the criteria of lean technologies, as an innovative approach in modeling the structure and sequence of all operations of construction processes.

New requirements for technical acceptability of construction products as a component of the construction quality assurance system

The analysis and generalization of theoretical approaches to the formation of the construction quality system, the generalization of the legislative and regulatory framework for quality control in construction. Analysis of the theoretical prerequisites for the formation of quality control of construction revealed that the digital transformation of construction is an integral part of the development of modern society, a prerequisite for changing the system of construction, including control, quality assurance and evaluation of construction processes, works, materials, products and structures. It was found that the quality in construction is directly affected by the following factors: quality and completeness of design documentation; the possibility and obligation to comply with legal requirements; quality of construction processes and works, strict compliance with the requirements of technology and construction organization; quality of construction products and structures; technical ability to provide a given level of quality with the help of machines, mechanisms, means of small mechanization, etc .; the level of qualification of management staff, workers and line ITP. The quality system itself can be presented in the format of a "black box", where the factor will be named at the entrance, and at the exit - buildings and structures that meet a given level of quality throughout the life cycle of the object. It is proposed to consider the construction quality management system in the form of a multicomponent formation and at the same time a dynamic environment, which is constantly changing under the influence of external and internal factors and has a high degree of scholasticism and uncertainty. With the introduction of digital technologies in the organization of construction, including VIM modeling, use of artificial intelligence, cloud services for information storage, quality control tools that can be performed without human intervention, such as drones, robotic elements, surveillance cameras and others, the construction quality assurance system has to change, taking into account the realities of time. Therefore, the system of quality formation in the article is proposed to be considered throughout the life cycle of the object - from pre-project research to liquidation. This will, in contrast to existing approaches, not only combine into a single system all the components of assurance, evaluation and quality control, which are used at the level of all participants in the construction, but also to ensure integrated process management.