scholarly journals Comparison of different levels and lengths of restricted drinking water availability and measurement times with Katahdin sheep and Boer and Spanish goat wethers

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 320-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
U.L. Mengistu ◽  
R. Puchala ◽  
T. Sahlu ◽  
T.A. Gipson ◽  
L.J. Dawson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Spanish Goat ◽  
Different Levels

Dalit Women and Water: Availability, Access and Discrimination in Rural India

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swarup Dutta ◽  
Ishita Sinha ◽  
Adya Parashar
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Rural India ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Limited Access ◽  
Common Resources ◽  
Everyday Lives ◽  
Dalit Women

The present study identifies the multiplicity of issues and challenges faced by dalit women in accessing water from common, often distant sources of water, across five Indian states. Their reality of poor availability of drinking water was worsened by limited access to common resources due to their caste identity. On account of their social exclusion, dalit women suffer from physical as well as mental anguish. Discrimination against them is rampant on account of untouchability, and verbal and physical abuse accompanied with violence, which is a very real part of their everyday lives.

scholarly journals Drought resistance of sugar-cane crop for different levels of water availability in the soil

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando da S. Barbosa ◽  
Rubens D. Coelho ◽  
Rafael Maschio ◽  
Carlos J. G. de S. Lima ◽  
Everaldo M. da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Final Population ◽  
Different Levels

Soil water availability is the main cause of reduced productivity, and the early development period most sensitive to water deficit. This study aimed to evaluate the drought resistance of the varieties of sugar-cane RB867515 and SP81-3250 during the early development using different levels of water deficit on four soil depths. The experiment was conducted at the Department of Biosystems at Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ/USP) in a greenhouse in soil classified as Oxisol, sandy loam texture (Series "Sertãozinho"). Once exhausted the level of available water in the soil, the dry strength of the studied strains are relatively low. Water balance with values less than -13 mm cause a significant decrease in the final population of plants, regardless of the variety, and values below -35 mm, leads to the death of all plants.

scholarly journals Computational modelling methods for assessing the risks from lead in drinking water

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 532-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin R. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Lead Pipe ◽  
Modelling Methods ◽  
Very High ◽  
Different Levels

Computational modelling methods have been used to predict the risks from lead in drinking water across a simulated supply zone, for a range of plumbosolvency conditions and a range of extents of occurrence of houses having a lead pipe, on the basis of five risk benchmarking methods. For the worst case modelled (very high plumbosolvency and 90% houses with a lead pipe) the percentage of houses at risk in the simulated zone ranged from 34.1 to 73.3%. In contrast, for a simulated phosphate-treated zone and 10% houses with a lead pipe, the percentage of houses at risk in the simulated zone ranged from 0 to 0.4%. Methods are proposed for using computational modelling for different levels of risk assessment, for both water supply zones and individual houses. These risk assessment methods will inform policy, help to set improvement priorities and facilitate a better understanding of corrective options.

scholarly journals Effect of drinking saline water on food and water intake, food digestibility, and nitrogen and mineral balances of rusa deer stags (Cervus timorensis russa)

2005 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Yape Kii ◽  
G. McL. Dryden
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Total Food ◽  
Food Digestibility ◽  
Medium Quality ◽  
Food And Water Intake ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractThe salinity tolerance of Javan rusa deer (Cervus timorensis russa) was investigated with seven stags, aged 4·5 years. Animals were offered a medium-quality chaffed lucerne hay and given five different levels of water salinity: (a) control (570 mg/kg of total dissolved salts (TDS)) and (b) ‘saline’ water with TDS contents of 1000, 3500, 6000 and 8500 mg/kg. Food intake, food digestibility and nitrogen balance were not affected by increasing salt concentration in drinking water, however the drinking water (DW) intake, the total (food plus drinking) water intake and the DW:dry-matter ratio increased with increasing salt concentration. Some deer given water containing 8500 mg TDS per kg showed signs of stress which included large between-day fluctuations in water intake, opening of the orbital gland, head shaking, and rapid breathing. Rusa deer can tolerate drinking water containing 6000 mg TDS per kg for at least 9 days without harmful effect but may be unable to tolerate water with 8500 mg TDS per kg.

scholarly journals Dependence of pea root mass distribution on weather conditions under varying levels of phosphorus application

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Klimek-Kopyra ◽  
Krzysztof Rębilas
Keyword(s):  
Mass Distribution ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Pea Root ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Phosphorus Application ◽  
Very High ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract The aim of the study was to describe the distribution of pea root mass in the soil, over a three-year period, under varying weather conditions and at different levels of phosphorus application, by means of evaluating and comparing parameters of a mathematical model characterising cumulative root mass distribution. A two-factor experiment was conducted in Prusy, near Krakow: the first factor was the level of phosphorus application (0-70-140 kg P2O5 ha−1) and the second was the cultivars (six cultivars were tested). Experimental data produced using the model indicated that the root distribution was strongly differentiated by water availability in the years of the study. This appeared in some cases to be a more important factor than phosphorus application rates. The estimated soil depth at which 50% of the root mass was accumulated differed significantly for the dry and the wet year. In the wet year, only very high phosphorus application rates contributed to an increase in root mass distribution. The estimation of root mass distribution from the presented data can be used to improve phosphorus application depending on the amount of precipitation.

scholarly journals Formation of chlorinated organics in drinking water of Instanbul (Turkey) and Salerno (Italy)

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-105
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Surface Water Resources ◽  
Water Origin ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
By Products ◽  
Different Levels

The occurrence of THMs and HAAs, and other volatile organics in Istanbul (Turkey) and Salerno (Italy) surface water resources was investigated by the previous and present data obtained on raw, coagulated, pre-chlorinated, pre-ozonated water samples. The present drinking water directives/regulations in developed countries set maximum contaminant level (MCL) for THMs at different levels. In Italy, where the 80-85% of water demand is supplied by groundwater, a relatively low THMs value of 30 μg l-1 was set, however there are no HAAs and bromate limits. On the other hand, there is still no regulation for the THMs in Turkey. The characterization of chlorinated by-products, particularly THMs, is detailed according to raw water origin and treatment technologies currently applied in both cities.

scholarly journals Effects of Water Availability in the Soil on Tropane Alkaloid Production in Cultivated Datura stramonium

Metabolites ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail Moreno-Pedraza ◽  
Jennifer Gabriel ◽  
Hendrik Treutler ◽  
Robert Winkler ◽  
Fredd Vergara
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Mass Spectra ◽  
Tropane Alkaloids ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Tropane Alkaloid ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Irrigation Levels ◽  
Different Levels

Background: different Solanaceae and Erythroxylaceae species produce tropane alkaloids. These alkaloids are the starting material in the production of different pharmaceuticals. The commercial demand for tropane alkaloids is covered by extracting them from cultivated plants. Datura stramonium is cultivated under greenhouse conditions as a source of tropane alkaloids. Here we investigate the effect of different levels of water availability in the soil on the production of tropane alkaloids by D. stramonium. Methods: We tested four irrigation levels on the accumulation of tropane alkaloids. We analyzed the profile of tropane alkaloids using an untargeted liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method. Results: Using a combination of informatics and manual interpretation of mass spectra, we generated several structure hypotheses for signals in D. stramonium extracts that we assign as putative tropane alkaloids. Quantitation of mass spectrometry signals for our structure hypotheses across different anatomical organs allowed us to identify patterns of tropane alkaloids associated with different levels of irrigation. Furthermore, we identified anatomic partitioning of tropane alkaloid isomers with pharmaceutical applications. Conclusions: Our results show that soil water availability is an effective method for maximizing the production of specific tropane alkaloids for industrial applications.

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