Breeding dairy goats for disease resistance is profitable in smallholder production systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 106337
Author(s):  
A.A. Amayi ◽  
T.O. Okeno ◽  
M.G. Gicheha ◽  
A.K. Kahi
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Dairy Goats

Reasons for keeping dairy goats in Tanzania, and possible goals for a sustainable breeding program

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. C. Nziku ◽  
G. C. Kifaro ◽  
L. O. Eik ◽  
T. Steine ◽  
T. Ådnøy
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
Animal Identification ◽  
Breeding Goals ◽  
And Performance

This research aimed at describing reasons for keeping dairy goats in Tanzania, and possible goals for a sustainable breeding program. Three districts, each representing a unique dairy goat breed population, were selected for the study. The Saanen, Toggenburg and Norwegian were the main dairy goat breeds in Arumeru, Babati, and Mvomero districts, respectively. A total of 125 dairy goat farmers were interviewed. A holistic approach of both quantitative and qualitative research methods was used to study the perceptions of farmers. More milk yield, sale of breeding stock and manure were the highest ranked reasons for keeping dairy goats. The reasons were coherent to the production systems. The three most preferred traits for improvement were milk yield, adaptability and twinning ability. These preferences were absolutely important in the context of the referred production system. Selection of replacement stock, animal identification and performance recording were the main challenges emphasised by farmers. The present study views these challenges as a result of knowledge gaps in animal breeding that require solutions. Based on result findings it is suggested that the milk yield and survival traits should be the primary dairy goat breeding goals. Generally, there are possibilities for developing sustainable dairy goat breeding programs in the surveyed areas given relevant breeding goals are incorporated. The design of simple and manageable dairy goat breeding schemes is necessary.

Occurrence of mycotoxins in straw used in pig deep litter systems in Australia

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 102-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. D. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Production System ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Pig Production ◽  
Winter Cereals

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi under certain stress periods (Smith and Seddon 1998). When ingested, mycotoxins cause insidious losses, ill thrift and reduced disease resistance. Zearalenone is known to cause hyperestrogesium in pigs and hence a reduction in fertility in both sows and boars can occur (Binder 2004). Certain mycotoxins such as zearalenone (ZEA) and deoxinivalenol (DON) are produced by fungi of the fusarium species on crops in the field. Fusarium pseudograminearum (Crown Rot) produces both DON and ZEA in decreasing levels up the tiller of winter cereals (Blaney et al. 1987). Most studies carried out so far analysed the occurrence of mycotoxins in the grain and less is known about the prevalence of mycotoxins in the straw of the crop. Housing of sows during gestation on straw is becoming a favoured production system due to environmental and public perception pressures. The intake of straw by weaners on straw based systems has been found to account for 11.5% of total feed intake (Barneveld et al. 2004), such that there could be a considerable risk for increased ingestion of mycotoxins in animals on straw based systems. The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of mycotoxins in straw used for deep litter in Australian deep litter pig production systems.

scholarly journals On-FarmWelfare Assessment Protocol for Adult Dairy Goats in Intensive Production Systems

Animals ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 934-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Battini ◽  
George Stilwell ◽  
Ana Vieira ◽  
Sara Barbieri ◽  
Elisabetta Canali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Assessment Protocol ◽  
Intensive Production

Performance of Toggenburg dairy goats in smallholder production systems of the eastern highlands of Kenya

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.O. Ahuya ◽  
J.M.K. Ojango ◽  
R.O. Mosi ◽  
C.P. Peacock ◽  
A.M. Okeyo
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Eastern Highlands

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Kenya Alpine Dairy Goat Milk Production in Nyeri Region

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mburu Monica ◽  
Mugendi Beatrice ◽  
Makhoka Anselimo ◽  
Muhoho Simon
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Semi Arid

<p>In Kenya use of exotic dairy goats in breeding programmes for smallholder production systems has become popular, but information on the milk production is scarce. A study was carried out to assess the milk yield of dairy goats reared in high potential and semi arid areas of Nyeri County. This involved 190 smallholder farmers rearing Alphine dairy goats in Nyeri County and registered with Dairy Goat association of Kenya (DGAK). Which formed 100% sampling of the population under study. The grade, feeding practices and age of the dairy goats were evaluated. The dairy goat average milk production was 1.90 litres per day, with the appendix grade in Kieni East giving the highest production of 2.69 liters per day while foundation grade in Mukurweini gave the lowest, 0.98 litres per day. The higher milk production in Kieni East, which is a semi arid area, was noted to be due to good feeding practices where 43% of the farmers used concentrates during milking and also 48% supplemented the feed with minerals. In the high potential area of Mukurweini none of the farmers used mineral supplements with only 5% using concentrates during milking. The age of the dam significantly affected the average milk production, with the onset of production being the age of 2.0 years, reaching the peak at the age of 6.5 years. Kieni East, gave the highest production of 4.2 litres at the age of 6 years. The results demonstrated that the low-input farming conditions affected the Alphine goats milk production.</p>

scholarly journals Animal-Based Indicators for On-Farm Welfare Assessment in Goats

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3138
Author(s):  
Adrian Minnig ◽  
Romane Zufferey ◽  
Beat Thomann ◽  
Sibylle Zwygart ◽  
Nina Keil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Hair Coat ◽  
Welfare Indicators ◽  
Current State ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Full Text Screening

This review describes the current state of knowledge relating to scientific literature on welfare indicators for goats. Our aim was to provide an overview of animal-based indicators for on-farm welfare assessments. We performed a literature search and extracted 96 relevant articles by title, abstract, and full-text screening. Out of these articles, similar indicators were aggregated to result in a total of 32 welfare indicators, some of which were covered in multiple articles, others in only a single one. We discuss a set of three established assessment protocols containing these indicators, as well as all individual indicators which were covered in more than one article. As single indicators, we identified lameness, body condition score (BCS), qualitative behaviour assessment (QBA), and human–animal relationship (HAR) tests with substantial evidence for sufficient validity to assess welfare in goats. A multitude of indicators (e.g., hair coat condition) was studied less intensively but was successfully used for welfare assessments. For some indicators (e.g., oblivion, lying behaviour), we highlight the need for future research to further validate them or to optimise their use in on-farm welfare assessments. Moreover, further investigations need to include kids, bucks, and meat and fibre goats, as well as extensively kept goats as the literature predominantly focuses on dairy goats in intensive production systems.

scholarly journals Sensing solutions for improving the performance, health and wellbeing of small ruminants

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (S1) ◽  
pp. 34-46
Author(s):  
Gerardo Caja ◽  
Andreia Castro-Costa ◽  
Ahmed A.K. Salama ◽  
Joan Oliver ◽  
Mario Baratta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Economic Barriers ◽  
Multiple Sensor ◽  
Large Animals ◽  
Research Initiatives

AbstractDiversity of production systems and specific socio-economic barriers are key reasons explaining why the implementation of new technologies in small ruminants, despite being needed and beneficial for farmers, is harder than in other livestock species. There are, however, helpful peculiarities where small ruminants are concerned: the compulsory use of electronic identification created a unique scenario in Europe in which all small ruminant breeding stock became searchable by appropriate sensing solutions, and the largest small ruminant population in the world is located in Asia, close to the areas producing new technologies. Notwithstanding, only a few research initiatives and literature reviews have addressed the development of new technologies in small ruminants. This Research Reflection focuses on small ruminants (with emphasis on dairy goats and sheep) and reviews in a non-exhaustive way the basic concepts, the currently available sensor solutions and the structure and elements needed for the implementation of sensor-based husbandry decision support. Finally, some examples of results obtained using several sensor solutions adapted from large animals or newly developed for small ruminants are discussed. Significant room for improvement is recognized and a large number of multiple-sensor solutions are expected to be developed in the relatively near future.

scholarly journals The Use of Intellectual Property Systems in Plant Breeding for Ensuring Deployment of Good Agricultural Practices

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1163
Author(s):  
Marinus J. M. Smulders ◽  
Clemens C. M. van de Wiel ◽  
Lambertus A. P. Lotz
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Brand Names ◽  
Good Agricultural Practices ◽  
Crop Varieties ◽  
Management Regimes

Breeding innovations are relevant for sustainable agricultural development and food security, as new, resilient production systems require crop varieties optimally suited for these systems. In the societal debate around genetic engineering and other plant breeding innovations, ownership of patents on the technology used in the hands of large companies is often seen as a reason that small breeding companies are denied opportunities for further improving varieties or that farmers are restricted in using such varieties. However, intellectual property (IP) systems may also be used as tools to ensure the use of good agricultural practices when cultivating the resulting varieties. This paper explores documented cases in which IP systems (plant variety rights, patents and brand names) are used to promote that innovative varieties are grown according to good agricultural practices (GAP). These include effective disease resistance management regimes in innovative crop varieties of potato in order to prevent or delay pathogens from overcoming disease resistance genes, management regimes for transgenic insect-resistant Bt or herbicide-tolerant crops to prevent the development of resistant pests or weeds, respectively. The results are discussed with respect to the influence of breeders on GAP measures through various forms of IP and the contribution and role of other stakeholders, authorities and society at large in stimulating and ensuring the use of GAP.

scholarly journals Multi-genotype varieties reduce rice diseases through enhanced genetic diversity and show stability and adaptability in the field

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping He ◽  
Cong Wang ◽  
Neng Zhang ◽  
Bin Liu ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Disease Occurrence ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractRice is a crucial food crop worldwide. The genetic diversity in rice germplasm indicates its promising potential utilization in disease and pest control. To explore the relationship between genetic diversity and disease resistance in rice plants, multi-genotype rice varieties developed from multi-parent advanced generation inter-cross (MAGIC) population lines were used here to analyze the correlation between disease occurrence and genetic diversity, as well as for field monitoring of their disease occurrences and yields. We found that genetic diversity and disease resistance of the multi-genotype varieties tested in this study were superior to those of their component lines and mono-genotype varieties, and the incidence of rice blast disease decreased as the genetic diversity of multi-genotype rice varieties increased. We further conducted field trials using these multi-genotype varieties for three years in different rice-planting areas. The results showed that multi-genotype varieties exhibited good disease resistance and high-yielding potential. Thus, proper use of multi-genotype varieties characterized by rich genetic diversity is a promising approach to improve disease resistance of rice plants in agricultural production systems and is of great significance for ensuring food security and achieving sustainable agricultural development.

Expanding the contribution of dairy goats in efficient and sustainable production systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 1198 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Liang ◽  
C. Devendra
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Sustainable Food Production

Goats contribute significantly to human nutrition, food security and income of resource-poor small farmers in Asia, Africa and beyond. Because of the high content of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids in goat milk, it is beneficial for human health resulting in it being sold at premium prices of three to nine times the price of cow milk in countries like China, Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand. Goats play a significant role in farming systems that directly impact on the capacity of rural farmers striving for the objective of sustainable food production systems. Increasing sustainable food production, particularly of animal proteins, presents major challenges to these small farms in the face of massive demands that are driven by rapid growth of human populations and increased availability of disposable income. In the last two decades, expanding market demand for goat milk has resulted in the establishment of commercial dairy goat farms in several newly developed South-east Asian countries. Major challenges to expanding production exist, and include ways to utilise the well-adapted features inherent in goats and their potential production to benefit the small and commercial farmers alike. Increasing the knowledge base is a priority to stimulate improved production systems and, increased the income of dairy goat farmers and other people involved in the industry. The recent establishment of the Asian-Australasian Dairy Goat Network supported jointly by FAO and Universiti Putra Malaysia, and national programs of participating countries, are committed to address these objectives and facilitate much-needed improvements to sustain dairy goat production systems in Asia and beyond.

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