Integrative impacts of rotational tillage on wheat yield and dry matter accumulation under corn-wheat cropping system

Understanding of the potassium (K) nutrient cycle and its microbial transformation of unavailable forms of soil K to plant-available K is crucial in any agroecosystem for strategic nutrient management through inorganic fertilizer, crop residue (CR), and microbial applications. Therefore, the present investigation was undertaken to study the effect of crop residue and K management practices on crop productivity, K mobilization from native soil K-pool, and crop assimilation of K under a zero-till maize–wheat cropping system. The experiment consisted of four residue levels (0, 2, 4, and 6 Mg ha−1) and five K levels (0, 50%, 100%, 150% RDK [recommended dose of K] and 50% RDK + potassium solubilizing bacteria, KSB). Results showed that CR retention at 6.0 Mg ha−1 significantly improved grain yield (of maize by 10.17%; wheat by 9.87%), dry matter accumulation, K uptake and redistribution in native soil K pools (water soluble K (WSK), exchangeable K (EK) and non-exchangeable K (NEK)) at 30 and 60 days after sowing and at harvest as compared to no CR. Among the K management, 50% RDK+KSB reported significantly higher grain yield (of maize by 26.22%; wheat by 24.70%), dry matter accumulation, K uptake, and native K pools (WSK, EK, and NEK) at different growth stages compared to no K. Total K did not differ significantly due to residue and K management. The highest actual change of K reported with 6.0 Mg ha−1 CR (51 kg ha−1) and 50% RDK+KSB (59 kg ha−1) over control. Significant (p ≤ 0.01) positive correlation was found among grain yield, dry matter accumulation, K uptake, the actual change in K and different native K pools. It can be concluded that retention of 6 Mg ha−1 CR and supply of 50% K through inorganic fertilizer along with seed inoculation of KSB biofertilizers, improved crop growth, productivity by enhancing K assimilation as a consequence of the release of non-exchangeable K and through the application of CR and K treatments under a zero tillage maize–wheat system.

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Phenophases and cutting time of forage cactus under irrigation and cropping systems

Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical ◽

10.1590/1983-40632016v4742746 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 62-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Danielle Morais Amorim ◽

Thieres George Freire da Silva ◽

Poliana de Caldas Pereira ◽

Luciana Sandra Bastos de Souza ◽

Rosandro Boligon Minuzzi

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Management Practices ◽

Accumulation Rate ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Cropping System ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Third Order ◽

Phenological Phases ◽

The Ideal

ABSTRACT Management practices can affect the phenology and, consequently, the harvest time and crop production level of forage cactus. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of irrigation depths and cropping systems on the phenophases and cutting time of the forage cactus Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw. The experimental design was a randomized block with split plots and four replications. Irrigation depths based on reference evapotranspiration (8.75 %, 17.5 %, 26.25 % and 35 % ETo) and a control (0 % ETo) made up the plots, while cropping systems (exclusive cropping, exclusive cropping on mulch and forage cactus-sorghum intercropping) were distributed in the subplots. Cladode emission morphogenesis was used to define the phenological phases, while the extrapolation of the monthly dry matter accumulation rate was applied to obtain the cutting time. The use of irrigation depths significantly increased the phenophase II (higher emission of second-order daughter cladodes), decreasing the phenophase III, associated with third-order daughter cladodes. The phenophase III was lower in the exclusive cropping on mulch and forage cactus-sorghum intercropping systems, when compared to the exclusive cropping system. The ideal cutting time for irrigated forage cactus is 19 months, regardless of the cropping system. The exclusive cropping on mulch and forage cactus-sorghum intercropping systems significantly increased the monthly forage dry matter accumulation rate, with an earlier cutting time for the forage cactus-sorghum intercropping system (17 months).

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Relationships among soil respiration, soil temperature and dry matter accumulation for wheat-maize intercropping in an arid environment

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps2012-274 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 93 (4) ◽

pp. 715-724 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Shou-bao Liu ◽

Qiang Chai ◽

Gao-bao Huang

Keyword(s):

Soil Respiration ◽

Soil Temperature ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Water Status ◽

Cropping System ◽

Growth Period ◽

Arid Environment ◽

Life Cycles ◽

Curvilinear Relationship ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation

Liu, S. B., Chai, Q. and Huang, G. B. 2013. Relationships among soil respiration, soil temperature and dry matter accumulation for wheat-maize intercropping in an arid environment. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 715–724. Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) intercropped with maize (Zea mays L.) offers an opportunity to boost grain production in short-season areas, but little is known about the sustainability of the intercropping system. This study, conducted at an arid irrigation site in 2009 and 2010, determined water consumption and soil respiration (Rs) characteristics and their relationships to soil temperature (Ts) and above-ground dry matter (DM) accumulation for wheat/maize (W/M) intercropping compared with sole wheat and sole maize. The W/M intercropping had a co-growth period of 70-80 d, allowing the two intercropped species to complete their life cycles. Maximum DM rate for the wheat in the W/M system was significantly greater than that for sole wheat (57 vs. 51 g d−1), which occurred at around 72 to 77 d after sowing (DAS), whereas the maximum DM rate for the maize in the W/M system was between 31.6 and 44.9 g m−2 d−1, or 30 to 43% lower than that of sole maize. The ercroppedhe umulation of a thetime to reach maximum DM was 96 DAS in 2009 and 80 DAS in 2010 for sole maize, and the corresponding time for the intercropped maize was delayed by 6 to 10 d. Soil respiration and DM was a curvilinear relationship; with the increase in DM accumulation, Rs increased, reached a peak at the early flowering stage for wheat and at the silking stage for maize, and then declined. Soil respiration increased linearly with increases in soil temperature during the growth period for both sole and intercropping, suggesting that farming practices aimed at reducing soil temperature will be effective in reducing carbon emissions. Evapotranspiration during the co-growth period averaged 44.1 mm for sole wheat and 48.5 mm for the intercropped wheat and 57.0 mm for sole maize and 48.0 mm for the intercropped maize, but soil water status had little or no effect on Rs. Wheat/maize intercropping had greater grain yield with lower soil respiration over the corresponding sole plantings, and it can serve as a sustainable cropping system for arid irrigation areas.

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Effects of Nitrogen Management on Yield and Dry Matter Accumulation and Translocation of Maize in Maize-Soybean Relay-Cropping System

ACTA AGRONOMICA SINICA ◽

10.3724/sp.j.1006.2015.00448 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 448 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xi-Chen WEN ◽

Xiao-Chun WANG ◽

Xiao-Yan DENG ◽

Qun ZHANG ◽

Tian PU ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Cropping System ◽

Nitrogen Management ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Relay Cropping

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Yield and nutrient of uptake of gernium (Pelargonium graveolens) in gerniumgarlic intercropping system as influenced by levels of phosphorus and zinc under subtropical region

Indian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.18805/ijare.v49i6.6677 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 49 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Santosh Singh

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Cropping System ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Oil Yield ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽

Zn Uptake ◽

Zinc Application ◽

Essential Oil Yield

Field experiment was conducted at Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow to evaluate the growth and yield of geranium and garlic in intercropping system. Maximum dry matter accumulation was noticed during 120-135 DAP. Dry matter accumulation in geranium paired sole was almost equal to geranium paired intercrop. Application of phosphorus at 40 kg P2 O5 ha−1 and 30 kg ZnSO4 ha−1 significantly increased the dry matter accumulation of plants over control at all the stages of crop growth. Bulb yield of garlic was found to be increased with increase in the application of phosphorus up to 40 kg P2 O5 ha−1 and zinc upto 30 kg ZnSO4 ha−1. The essential oil yield of geranium pure crop significantly improved over essential oil yield of intercropped geranium . Uptake of Zn also increased significantly upto 40 kg P2 O5 ha−1. Higher rates of P decreased the Zn uptake by the plants. Application of 30 kg ZnSO4 ha−1 showed a significant response on the herb and oil yield over no zinc application. The net return from geranium and garlic in paired intercropping system was Rs 2,58,564.95 being higher other cropping system. Thus intercropping garlic with geranium proved economical.

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Impact of different tillage methods on growth, development and productivity of maize (Zea mays)-wheat (Tritcum aestivum) cropping system

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v8i4.1054 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 1861-1867

Author(s):

Ramesh Ramesh ◽

S. S. Rana ◽

Suresh Kumar ◽

R. S. Rana

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Cropping System ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Silty Clay ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Zero Tillage ◽

Rabi Season ◽

Kharif Season ◽

Tillage Methods

An experiment was conducted on a silty clay loam soil of Palampur during 2009â€“2011, to study the effect of different tillage methods in maize (Zea mays L.) wheat {Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori & Paol.} cropping system. Results revealed that in maize crop, tillage methods in kharif season resulted in significantly highest emergence count (27.1 plant/m2) under manual seed drill. While, multi-crop planter recorded in significantly taller plants (55.4 cm) at 30 DAS; higher dry matter accumulation 81.0, 990.0 and 4184.4 g/m2 at 30, 60 and 90 DAS, respectively and CGR (30.3 g/day/m2) at 30-60 DAS. Tillage methods in rabi season resulted in higher emergence count (17.6 plant/m2) under zero tillage. This treatment also recorded advanced emergence by 1.2 to 1.5 days. In wheat crop, tillage methods in kharif season resulted in significantly highest emergence count (307.6 plant/m2), taller plants (13.1 cm) at 30 DAS, dry matter accumulation (625.3 g/m2) at 120 DAS and CGR (14.4 g/day/m2) at 90-120 DAS under conventional tillage. While, tillage methods in rabi season resulted in significantly highest emergence count (369.5 plants/m2), tallest plants (17.7, 92.6 and 101.0 cm at 60, 120 and at harvest, respectively) with multi-crop planter. While, zero tillage recorded significantly higher CGR (15.8 g/day/m2) and RGR (0.027 g/g/day) during 120-harvest stage. Zero tillage produced statistically at par crop yield and rainwater-use efficiency of both crops with other tillage treatments. Hence, zero tillage can be as good as other intensive tillage system besides lower input cost and environmental security.

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Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Photosynthetic Characteristics, Biomass, and Yield of Wheat under Different Shading Conditions

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11101989 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 1989

Author(s):

Hongzhi Zhang ◽

Qi Zhao ◽

Zhong Wang ◽

Lihong Wang ◽

Xiaorong Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Early Stage ◽

Wheat Variety ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Photochemical Efficiency ◽

Photochemical Quenching ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Nitrogen Application ◽

Area Index

Fruit-wheat intercropping is an important way to resolve the land competition between fruit and grain and ensure food security. However, there is little research on the mechanism of wheat yield formation and its response to nitrogen fertilizer under long-term shading. From 2016 to 2017, wheat variety “Xindong 20” was selected, and four shading treatments were set: shading at jointing stage 10%-shading at heading stage 25% (S1), 20%–50% (S2), 30%–75% (S3), normal light (S0) and four nitrogen fertilizer (N0: 0 kg ha−1, N1: 103.5 kg ha−1, N2: 138 kg ha−1, N3: 172.5 kg ha−1). The results show that compared with S0, wheat leaf area index (LAI), chlorophyll a, b and a + b content under S1 increase by 14.9–57.4%, 2.9–24.5%, 16.5–28.9%, 7.8–25.5%, respectively, and they decrease significantly under S2 and S3. With the increase in the shading range, the net photosynthesis rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (gs), and non-photochemical quentum coefficient (NPQ) decrease significantly, while the actual photochemical efficiency (ΦPSII) and the photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) increase significantly. Under S1, S2, and S3, the total dry matter accumulation (TDA), the dry matter accumulation of reproductive organs (DAR), and the yield decrease with the increase in shading range. Under the S0 and S1 conditions, compared with other nitrogen treatments, LAI, chlorophyll content, Pn, ΦPSII, qP, TDA, DAR, and yield of wheat under N2 treatment increase by 4.1–366.9%, 5.7–56.3%, 3.0–131.7%, 6.7–87.5%, 3.7–96.9%, 7.1–340.8%, 0.3–323.0%, 1.5–231.2%. Therefore, under jujube-wheat intercropping, and apricot-wheat and walnut-wheat with light shade in the early stage, photosynthetic capacity of wheat leaves and dry matter accumulation and transfer to grains can be regulated by proper nitrogen application, which is beneficial to compensate for the negative effects of insufficient light on wheat yield; under moderate or excessive shading conditions (apricot-wheat and walnut-wheat in full fruit period), the regulating effect of nitrogen application on wheat is reduced, and the nitrogen application should be moderately reduced.

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