Relationships among soil respiration, soil temperature and dry matter accumulation for wheat-maize intercropping in an arid environment

Liu, S. B., Chai, Q. and Huang, G. B. 2013. Relationships among soil respiration, soil temperature and dry matter accumulation for wheat-maize intercropping in an arid environment. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 715–724. Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) intercropped with maize (Zea mays L.) offers an opportunity to boost grain production in short-season areas, but little is known about the sustainability of the intercropping system. This study, conducted at an arid irrigation site in 2009 and 2010, determined water consumption and soil respiration (Rs) characteristics and their relationships to soil temperature (Ts) and above-ground dry matter (DM) accumulation for wheat/maize (W/M) intercropping compared with sole wheat and sole maize. The W/M intercropping had a co-growth period of 70-80 d, allowing the two intercropped species to complete their life cycles. Maximum DM rate for the wheat in the W/M system was significantly greater than that for sole wheat (57 vs. 51 g d−1), which occurred at around 72 to 77 d after sowing (DAS), whereas the maximum DM rate for the maize in the W/M system was between 31.6 and 44.9 g m−2 d−1, or 30 to 43% lower than that of sole maize. The ercroppedhe umulation of a thetime to reach maximum DM was 96 DAS in 2009 and 80 DAS in 2010 for sole maize, and the corresponding time for the intercropped maize was delayed by 6 to 10 d. Soil respiration and DM was a curvilinear relationship; with the increase in DM accumulation, Rs increased, reached a peak at the early flowering stage for wheat and at the silking stage for maize, and then declined. Soil respiration increased linearly with increases in soil temperature during the growth period for both sole and intercropping, suggesting that farming practices aimed at reducing soil temperature will be effective in reducing carbon emissions. Evapotranspiration during the co-growth period averaged 44.1 mm for sole wheat and 48.5 mm for the intercropped wheat and 57.0 mm for sole maize and 48.0 mm for the intercropped maize, but soil water status had little or no effect on Rs. Wheat/maize intercropping had greater grain yield with lower soil respiration over the corresponding sole plantings, and it can serve as a sustainable cropping system for arid irrigation areas.

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Tillage Effects on Soil Temperature, Shoot Dry Matter Accumulation and Corn Grain Yield

Journal of Sustainable Agriculture ◽

10.1300/j064v05n01_07 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 5 (1-2) ◽

pp. 85-99 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

L. M. Dwyer ◽

B. L. Ma ◽

H. N. Hayhoe ◽

J.L.B. Culley

Keyword(s):

Soil Temperature ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Corn Grain ◽

Corn Grain Yield

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THE INFLUENCE OF VARIETY, SOIL TEMPERATURE, AND PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER ON YIELD AND PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE BY ALFALFA

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps63-066 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 355-360 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

M. Levesque ◽

J. W. Ketcheson

Keyword(s):

Soil Temperature ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Phosphorus Content ◽

Soil Phosphorus ◽

Phosphorus Uptake ◽

Growth Period ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Phosphorus Fertilization ◽

Maximum Value ◽

Phosphorus Application

Du Puits and Ladak varieties of alfalfa were grown for 10 weeks in the greenhouse on soil-sand media controlled at temperatures of 10°, 18°, and 26 °C. P32-tagged superphosphate was applied at rates of 10 and 80 p.p.m. phosphorus, respectively. Dry matter yields and phosphorus content of the tissue was determined at the end of the growth period. Increasing soil temperature from 10° to 26 °C. caused corresponding increases in total phosphorus uptake as a result of an increase in dry matter yields as well as an increase in the percentage of phosphorus in the plant tissue. Ladak exhibited the higher yield potential although Du Puits was less affected by low soil temperature conditions and appeared capable of making better use of soil phosphorus. With the higher phosphorus application, the root-top ratio for Du Puits was greater than that for Ladak, and the maximum value for this ratio occurred at 18 °C. for each variety. P32 activity measured in the tissue indicated that soil temperature was critical in terms of phosphorus fertilization in the 4- and 6-week stages of growth.

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Residue and Potassium Management Strategies to Improve Crop Productivity, Potassium Mobilization, and Assimilation under Zero-Till Maize–Wheat Cropping System

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture10090401 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 401

Author(s):

Raghavendra Madar ◽

Yudh Vir Singh ◽

Mahesh Chand Meena ◽

Tapas Kumar Das ◽

Venkatesh Paramesh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Crop Residue ◽

Cropping System ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

K Uptake ◽

Exchangeable K ◽

Native Soil ◽

Actual Change

Understanding of the potassium (K) nutrient cycle and its microbial transformation of unavailable forms of soil K to plant-available K is crucial in any agroecosystem for strategic nutrient management through inorganic fertilizer, crop residue (CR), and microbial applications. Therefore, the present investigation was undertaken to study the effect of crop residue and K management practices on crop productivity, K mobilization from native soil K-pool, and crop assimilation of K under a zero-till maize–wheat cropping system. The experiment consisted of four residue levels (0, 2, 4, and 6 Mg ha−1) and five K levels (0, 50%, 100%, 150% RDK [recommended dose of K] and 50% RDK + potassium solubilizing bacteria, KSB). Results showed that CR retention at 6.0 Mg ha−1 significantly improved grain yield (of maize by 10.17%; wheat by 9.87%), dry matter accumulation, K uptake and redistribution in native soil K pools (water soluble K (WSK), exchangeable K (EK) and non-exchangeable K (NEK)) at 30 and 60 days after sowing and at harvest as compared to no CR. Among the K management, 50% RDK+KSB reported significantly higher grain yield (of maize by 26.22%; wheat by 24.70%), dry matter accumulation, K uptake, and native K pools (WSK, EK, and NEK) at different growth stages compared to no K. Total K did not differ significantly due to residue and K management. The highest actual change of K reported with 6.0 Mg ha−1 CR (51 kg ha−1) and 50% RDK+KSB (59 kg ha−1) over control. Significant (p ≤ 0.01) positive correlation was found among grain yield, dry matter accumulation, K uptake, the actual change in K and different native K pools. It can be concluded that retention of 6 Mg ha−1 CR and supply of 50% K through inorganic fertilizer along with seed inoculation of KSB biofertilizers, improved crop growth, productivity by enhancing K assimilation as a consequence of the release of non-exchangeable K and through the application of CR and K treatments under a zero tillage maize–wheat system.

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VARIATION OF SUNFLOWER GROWTH, SOIL MOISTURE AND SOIL TEMPERATURE IN RELATION TO PLANTING PATTERNS AT A HIGH LATITUDE SITE

Acta Agronomica Hungarica ◽

10.1556/aagr.49.2001.3.8 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 49 (3) ◽

pp. 273-282 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Long ◽

H. Eiszner

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Soil Temperature ◽

Soil Water ◽

High Latitude ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Hyperbolic Model ◽

Row Spacing ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Deep Soil

HALLE-WITTENBERG, HALLE(SAALE), GERMANY Received: 13 June, 2001; accepted: 6 August, 2001 Field experiments were conducted at a high latitude site for sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) production in central Germany (51 o 24' N, 11 o 53' E) in 1996, 1997 and 1998. The responses of sunflower development to various planting patterns differed in the duration from emergence to the middle of the linear growth period as calculated via a tangent hyperbolic model F(t)=(. +ß)×tanh[. ×(t–.)]. Final dry matter accumulation showed few differences among the planting patterns: 12 plants m –2 at 50 cm row spacing at 75 cm row spacing (RS2PD2) and 4 plants m –2 at 100 cm row spacing (RS3PD1). The actual and simulated values for final dry matter were close to 1200 g m –2 . The responses of soil moisture and temperature to planting patterns changed from the upper to the deep soil layers. In a normal year, e.g. 1997, the soil water to 150 cm depth was sufficient for sunflower growth. In a drought year, e.g. 1998, soil water deeper than 150 cm was used by sunflower crops. The soil temperature was mostly lower in RS1PD3 and RS2PD2 than in RS3PD1, particularly in the upper soil, at depths of 5 and 20 cm. The most important factor defining the responses of soil moisture and temperature to planting patterns seems to be the amount of radiation penetrating the ground, which may depend on latitude, wind and row orientation.

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Dry Matter Accumulation and Phosphorus Utilization Efficiency in Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris) under Varied Irrigation and Phosphorus Supply

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology ◽

10.17957/ijab/15.1695 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (02) ◽

pp. 513-520

Author(s):

Ning Wang

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Irrigation Treatment ◽

Growth Period ◽

Utilization Efficiency ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Phosphorus Use Efficiency ◽

Chlorophyll Contents ◽

Phosphorus Accumulation ◽

Irrigation Treatments

The present study investigated the effects of irrigation and phosphorus fertilizer on dry matter accumulation and phosphorus use efficiency in sugar beet for two growing seasons during 2016 and 2017, using H003 cultivar. The experiment was comprised of four treatments including NP0K-rainfed (C1), NPK-rainfed (C2), NP0K-irrigation (C3), and NPK-irrigation (C4) using 105 kg P ha-1 compared with 0 kg P ha-1. The results showed that during the whole growth period of crop, chlorophyll contents was in the order of C4 > C3 > C2 > C1. The sugar contents were higher in irrigation treatments than rain-fed. At harvest, 105 kg P ha-1 under NPK-irrigation treatment had the highest sugar yield up to 11.59 and 10.64 t∙hm-2 in 2016 and 2017 respectively. The percent increase in yield was 20.19–27.07%, 15.79–21.62% and 14.57–14.93% than C1, C2 and C3 treatments, respectively. In C4 treatment, the dry matter accumulation in roots and leaves were 25.36 and 27.48 t∙hm-2, 9.22 and 10.67 t∙hm-2 in 2016 and 2017 respectively, with 0.39% and 5.53, 11.61 and 25.02% higher than in C2 treatment. The phosphorus accumulation in roots of C4 treatment at harvesting was 9.46 and 9.97 t∙hm-2 while phosphorus accumulation in leaves of same treatment was 3.58 and 3.80 t∙hm-2 in 2016 and 2017, respectively. In irrigation treatments, the utilization efficiency of phosphate fertilizer was 16.97 and 17.33% in 2016 and 2017, respectively, with 25.52 and 29.02% higher than corresponding rainfed treatment, indicating that irrigation could significantly improve the utilization efficiency of P fertilizer. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

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Phenophases and cutting time of forage cactus under irrigation and cropping systems

Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical ◽

10.1590/1983-40632016v4742746 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 62-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Danielle Morais Amorim ◽

Thieres George Freire da Silva ◽

Poliana de Caldas Pereira ◽

Luciana Sandra Bastos de Souza ◽

Rosandro Boligon Minuzzi

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Management Practices ◽

Accumulation Rate ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Cropping System ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Third Order ◽

Phenological Phases ◽

The Ideal

ABSTRACT Management practices can affect the phenology and, consequently, the harvest time and crop production level of forage cactus. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of irrigation depths and cropping systems on the phenophases and cutting time of the forage cactus Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw. The experimental design was a randomized block with split plots and four replications. Irrigation depths based on reference evapotranspiration (8.75 %, 17.5 %, 26.25 % and 35 % ETo) and a control (0 % ETo) made up the plots, while cropping systems (exclusive cropping, exclusive cropping on mulch and forage cactus-sorghum intercropping) were distributed in the subplots. Cladode emission morphogenesis was used to define the phenological phases, while the extrapolation of the monthly dry matter accumulation rate was applied to obtain the cutting time. The use of irrigation depths significantly increased the phenophase II (higher emission of second-order daughter cladodes), decreasing the phenophase III, associated with third-order daughter cladodes. The phenophase III was lower in the exclusive cropping on mulch and forage cactus-sorghum intercropping systems, when compared to the exclusive cropping system. The ideal cutting time for irrigated forage cactus is 19 months, regardless of the cropping system. The exclusive cropping on mulch and forage cactus-sorghum intercropping systems significantly increased the monthly forage dry matter accumulation rate, with an earlier cutting time for the forage cactus-sorghum intercropping system (17 months).

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Effect of temperature on seed development in jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneider). I. Dry matter changes

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9840685 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

pp. 685 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

IF Wardlaw ◽

RL Dunstone

Keyword(s):

Seed Development ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Growth Period ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Size At Maturity ◽

Optimum Temperature ◽

Subtropical Species

Growth of the capsule and seed of jojoba were followed from pollination to maturity at eight temperature regimens ranging from 15/10 to 36/31�C (8/16 h; photoperiod 16 h). There was an initial lag before the onset of rapid (linear) seed development, during which the capsule expanded, and this lag varied from 106 days at 15/10�C to 7 days at 36/31�C. The wax concentration in the seed was low during the initial stages of development, but reached a maximum when the seeds were 70-75% of their final dry weight. The maximum rate of dry matter accumulation in the seed increased with temperature up to 33/28�C but, because of the longer growth period at low temperature, seed size at maturity was greatest at 18/13�C. The current work suggests that prolonged periods with temperatures above 36/31�C, or below 15/10�C would be harmful to the development of jojoba seed. The high optimum temperature for growth rate of the seed (33/28�C) and sensitivity to a temperature of 15/10�C, puts jojoba into the same group as many subtropical species. However, the lower optimum temperature for seed weight at maturity (18/13�C) is close to that observed for the temperate cereals.

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Dry matter accumulation by Piceasitchensis seedlings during winter

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x78-032 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 207-213 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Ian K. Bradbury ◽

D. C. Malcolm

Keyword(s):

Soil Temperature ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Relative Increase ◽

Weight Increase ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Weight Changes ◽

Incoming Radiation ◽

Matter Production ◽

Harvest Intervals

Dry matter production by Sitka spruce seedlings (Piceasitchensis (Bong.) Carr) outside the period of shoot extension was determined in southern Scotland by harvesting plants from a nursery on 13 occasions between late September and mid-May. Air and soil temperature and incoming radiation were measured in an attempt to relate weight changes to climatic variables. Dry weight of the plants apparently doubled between late September and mid-April but subsequently changed little. Most dry weight increase occurred during October, late March, and April but there was also a slight increase in weight in midwinter. The relative increase in weight was similar in roots and shoots until mid-January but thereafter was proportionally much greater in shoots than in roots and was associated with a marked increase in needle weight. Lack of weight increase in late spring was attributed to the respiratory demands of bud expansion. Dry matter changes in the 12 harvest intervals was not related to mean daily temperature, incoming radiation, or photoperiod, but when averaged over periods of 1 month a much closer relationship was evident.

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GROWTH AND YIELD OF MAIZE (Zea mays L.) GROWN OUTDOORS HYDROPONICALLY AND IN SOIL

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss89-030 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 69 (2) ◽

pp. 295-302 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

M. H. MILLER ◽

G. K. WALKER ◽

M. TOLLENAAR ◽

K. G. ALEXANDER

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Soil Temperature ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Medium Temperature ◽

Hydroponic System ◽

Two Systems

Maize (Zea mays L.) was grown outdoors hydroponically and in soil to compare yields in the two systems and to determine the extent to which soil temperature and plant nutrition limit yield of soil-grown plants. The hydroponic system consisted of 22.5-L plastic pails filled with "Turface" to which nutrient solution was added at least twice daily. In all 3 yr dry-matter accumulation throughout the growing season was greater on the hydroponic system than in well-fertilized, irrigated sandy-loam soil when planting pattern and density were the same. Maximum aboveground dry matter and grain dry matter on the hydroponic system were 25.8 and 12.2 Mg ha−1, respectively. It is apparent that there is a soil-based constraint that limits aboveground dry-matter production to 75–85% of the potential with the aboveground environment in the region. Grain yield appears to be limited to a lesser extent. To determine the effect of root-medium temperature, growth in pails buried in the soil was compared to that in soil and in pails placed on the soil surface. Although the temperature of the buried pails was consistently lower than that in the aboveground pails and in the soil, dry matter accumulation was similar to that in the aboveground pails indicating that soil temperature was not a cause of the lower yield of the soil-grown plants. There was no evidence that plants growing on the highly fertilized soil were nutrient limited at any growth stage. Other studies have indicated that transient water stress on soil-grown plants will not explain the difference in growth on the two systems. Key words: Maize, hydroponics, soil limitations, soil temperature, nutrition

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