Protection is better than management to maintain tree species: A case study of lesser-Himalayan moist-temperate forests of Pakistan

The performance of a pond–constructed wetland system in the treatment of municipal wastewater in Kiaochow city was studied; and comparison with oxidation ponds system was conducted. In the post-constructed wetland, the removal of COD, TN and TP is 24%, 58.5% and 24.8% respectively. The treated effluent from the constructed wetland can meet the Chinese National Agricultural and Irrigation Standard. The comparison between pond–constructed wetland system and oxidation pond system shows that total nitrogen removal in a constructed wetland is better than that in an oxidation pond and the TP removal is inferior. A possible reason is the low dissolved oxygen concentration in the wetland. Constructed wetlands can restrain the growth of algae effectively, and can produce obvious ecological and economical benefits.

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Over half of western United States' most abundant tree species in decline

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-020-20678-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hunter Stanke ◽

Andrew O. Finley ◽

Grant M. Domke ◽

Aaron S. Weed ◽

David W. MacFarlane

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Tree Species ◽

Tree Mortality ◽

Temperate Forests ◽

Size Structure ◽

Forest Disturbance ◽

Population Decline ◽

Western United States ◽

Scale Transformation ◽

Forest Composition

AbstractChanging forest disturbance regimes and climate are driving accelerated tree mortality across temperate forests. However, it remains unknown if elevated mortality has induced decline of tree populations and the ecological, economic, and social benefits they provide. Here, we develop a standardized forest demographic index and use it to quantify trends in tree population dynamics over the last two decades in the western United States. The rate and pattern of change we observe across species and tree size-distributions is alarming and often undesirable. We observe significant population decline in a majority of species examined, show decline was particularly severe, albeit size-dependent, among subalpine tree species, and provide evidence of widespread shifts in the size-structure of montane forests. Our findings offer a stark warning of changing forest composition and structure across the western US, and suggest that sustained anthropogenic and natural stress will likely result in broad-scale transformation of temperate forests globally.

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Improvement of environmental health and hygiene practices - case study in the Northern Province

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2001.0352 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 44 (6) ◽

pp. 109-117 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. A. Mathegana ◽

L. K. Chauke ◽

F. A.O. Otieno

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Environmental Health ◽

Northern Province ◽

Active Involvement ◽

Sustainable Improvement ◽

Hygiene Practices ◽

Proper Training ◽

The Government ◽

Better Than

The primary purpose of an improved water supply and sanitation is the achievement of acceptable health and hygiene standards as well as the sustainable improvement of the environment. Many governments recognize this and so they budget for large sums of money to improve these services to the communities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the different gaps in environmental health and hygiene practices with the aim of suggesting a strategy of improving this in the Northern Province of South Africa. To do this, 231 households and 30 schools were surveyed. Workshops and visits to different government departments were also used. This paper reports the results from this study which indicate that the situation in schools was not any better than that in households, with more than 90% of the villages still dependent on the unimproved pit latrines and 56,6% relying on standpipes which were (70% of the time) non-operational. The main problems identified seem to those associated with implementation and maintenance. The study concludes that with proper training of the water committees and their active involvement with the government and NGOs, environmental health and hygiene problems can be minimized or eliminated.

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Snow cover manipulations and passive warming affect post-winter seed germination: a case study of three cold-temperate tree species

Climate Research ◽

10.3354/cr01237 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 60 (3) ◽

pp. 175-186 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M Drescher

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Snow Cover ◽

Tree Species ◽

Passive Warming

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Introducing Problem-based Learning to Special Needs Dentistry—A Case Study

Primary Dental Care ◽

10.1308/135576102322547467 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol os9 (1) ◽

pp. 9-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Raman Bedi ◽

Jackie A Champion ◽

Roger Davies

Keyword(s):

Special Needs ◽

Problem Based Learning ◽

Chi Square ◽

Training And Education ◽

Mixed Response ◽

Conventional Teaching ◽

The Subject ◽

Better Than ◽

Made In

Introduction In order to promote training and education in special-needs dentistry an attempt was made to introduce problem-based learning (PBL) as a method of postgraduate dental education. The aim of this paper was to review the principles of PBL and report on a case study using this methodology. Method The case study was of a PBL session, on the subject of ‘problems of obtaining appropriate dental care for people with epilepsy’, undertaken at a national conference. Delegates were asked to complete a pre- and post-session questionnaire on PBL and their attitudes to the session. Results The session received a mixed response. Only 33 (35%) thought the session was valuable and only 20 (31%) thought it was better than conventional teaching methods and yet over half (55%) said they would like to attend more PBL in special-needs dentistry. Professionals complementary to dentistry were more likely to find the PBL session of value and to prefer the method to a more conventional format than dentists were (chi-square=5.5, df=1, p<0.05 and chi-square=5.9, df=1, p<0.05 respectively). Conclusion Valuable feedback was received from delegates. This will enable improvements to be made in future courses so that the effectiveness of PBL can be optimised.

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The Plan Guidelines for Villages under the Background of Nomadic Settlement — A Case Study of Luqu County in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.5886 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 518-523 ◽

pp. 5886-5893

Author(s):

Lu Cang Wang ◽

Wei Li ◽

Jing Gao

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Yellow River ◽

Functional Area ◽

Spatial Displacement ◽

Community Based ◽

Construction Tasks ◽

The Village ◽

Pastoral Farming ◽

Better Than

“The Project of Nomadic Settlement” is one of the major construction tasks for “Gannan Important Water Supply Ecological Functional Area of Yellow River”. Because of the distribution of population and settlements have obvious discreteness and wavering in alpine pasture, it is necessary to plan and guide agricultural and grazing villages during the process of the construction of nomadic settlements, spatial displacement and integration of population and settlement. The nomadic habitation mode in Luqu county undergoes four stages. At present, it adopts four settlement modes, that is, centralized settlement mode in the county town, settlement mode in the village, settlement along the highway mode and dispersed settlement mode, involving a total of 2,645households,13,783people and be arranged in 21 settlements. The paper adopts 14 indicators related conditions of economic development, social development conditions, geographic conditions, measures the overall strength of 24 administrative villages in Luqu, the whole villages are divided into four grade. The results show that the suburban villages are better than the surrounding villages and towns, pure pastoral farming are better than farming-pastoral villages. Accordingly, 24 villages are divided into four types—community-based villages, developing villages, controlling villages, and revoking-merging villages. Finally, it also proposes the path on village plan guidelines.

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