scholarly journals 14-day toxicity studies of tetravalent and pentavalent vanadium compounds in Harlan Sprague Dawley rats and B6C3F1/N mice via drinking water exposure

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 531-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia K. Roberts ◽  
Matthew D. Stout ◽  
Brian Sayers ◽  
Dawn M. Fallacara ◽  
Milton R. Hejtmancik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Vanadium Compounds ◽  
Water Exposure ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Pentavalent Vanadium

Mineralocorticoid Receptor Activation by Aldosterone or Corticosterone Induces Hypertension, Myocardial Infarction and Proteinuria

Hypertension ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 36 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 723-723
Author(s):  
Qing-Feng Tao ◽  
Diego Martinez vasquez ◽  
Ricardo Rocha ◽  
Gordon H Williams ◽  
Gail K Adler
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Mineralocorticoid Receptor ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Myocardial Necrosis ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

P165 Aldosterone through its interaction with the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) plays a critical role in the development of hypertension and cardiovascular injury (CVI). Normally, MR is protected by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD) which inactivates glucocorticoids preventing their binding to MR. We hypothesis that if activation of MR by either aldosterone or glucocorticoids induces hypertension and CVI, then the inhibition of 11β-HSD with glycyrrhizin (GA), a natural inhibitor of 11β-HSD, should induce damage similar to that observed with aldosterone. Sprague-Dawley rats were uninephrectomized, and treated for 4 weeks with 1% NaCl (in drinking water) for the control group, 1% NaCl + aldosterone infusion (0.75 μg/h), or 1% NaCl + GA (3.5 g/l in drinking water). After 4 weeks, aldosterone and GA caused significant increases in blood pressure compared to control rats ([mean ± SEM] 211± 9, 205 ± 12, 120 ± 9 mmHg, respectively, p<0.001). Both aldosterone- and GA-treated rats had a significant increase in proteinuria (152.2 ± 8.7 and 107.7 ± 19.5 mg/d, respectively) versus controls (51.2 ± 9.5 mg/d). There was a significant increase (p<0.001) in heart to body weight ratio in the rats treated with aldosterone or GA compared with control (3.92 ± 0.10, 3.98 ± 0.88, and 3.24 ± 0.92 mg/g, respectively). Hearts of GA and aldosterone treated rats showed similar histological changes consisting of biventricular myocardial necrosis and fibrinoid necrosis of small coronary arteries and arterioles. These data suggests that in rodents activation of MR by either aldosterone or corticosterone leads to severe hypertension, vascular injury, proteinuria and myocardial infarction. Thus, 11β-HSD plays an important role in protecting the organism from injury.

scholarly journals Neoplasms in Rats Ingesting Acrylonitrile for Two Years

1988 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 603-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.T. Gallagher ◽  
E.A. Maull ◽  
K. Kovacs ◽  
S. Szabo
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Early Death ◽  
Early Mortality ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Exposure Age ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Organ Systems

Male Sprague-Dawley rats ingested 0, 20 ppm, or 500 ppm of acrylonitrile in drinking water for 2 years. Rats receiving 500 ppm of acrylonitrile exhibited early mortality and retarded weight gain. Tumors of Zymbal's gland were associated in dose-response fashion with acrylonitrile exposure. Age-associated incidence of pituitary adenomas containing immunoreactive prolactin was decreased in acrylonitrile-treated rats. A decrease in pituitary tumor incidence also was observed in rats treated with low doses of acrylonitrile, suggesting that reduction in this tumor frequency was not because of early death. No increases were found in tumors of other organ systems, but a trend toward development of forestomach papillomas was noted in rats receiving the highest concentration of acrylonitrile.

scholarly journals Genotoxicity, acute and subchronic toxicity studies of nano liposomes of Orthosiphon stamineus ethanolic extract in Sprague Dawley rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Armaghan Shafaei ◽  
Kameh Esmailli ◽  
Elham Farsi ◽  
Abdalrahim F. A. Aisha ◽  
Amin Malik Shah Abul Majid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Orthosiphon Stamineus ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

The incidence of chronic progressive nephrosis in young Sprague-Dawley rats from two different breeders

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maud Palm
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Function ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Males And Females

Chronic progressive nephrosis (CPN) in rats may not only become a problem in long-term toxicity studies but also in short-term studies, if the breeding stock is not carefully selected with respect to the kidney function. This paper presents differences in kidney function between young rats of the same strain, Sprague-Dawley, but from two different breeders ('set A' and 'set B' rats). In set A rats, protein in the urine was present in the males, which is a common finding. In set B rats, not only the males but also the females excreted protein in the urine. The method used to detect protein in the urine does not normally show a positive protein result in the young female rats. At the age of 3 months signs of chronic progressive nephrosis were observed in 55% of the males and in 15% of the females in set B. Two months later, the incidence had increased to about 70–80% in males and 50% in females. At 8 months, the incidence was similar, but the severity had increased. These values were compared with those obtained from the set A rats, none of which showed any signs of the disease at the age of 5 months and only 5% of the males and females at the age of 8 months. The results indicated that an increased excretion of protein in the urine may be used as an indicator for chronic progressive nephrosis in the rat and that not only the strain but also the source is important in selecting laboratory rats for toxicity studies.

Single-generation drinking water reproduction study of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane in Sprague-Dawley rats

1986 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 531-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. V. Johnston ◽  
D. C. Mensik ◽  
H. W. Taylor ◽  
G. C. Jersey ◽  
F. K. Dietz
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Single Generation ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Reproduction Study

Oral (Drinking Water) Developmental Toxicity Study of Ammonium Perchlorate in Sprague-Dawley Rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 453-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond G. York ◽  
Kathleen A. Funk ◽  
Michael F. Girard ◽  
David Mattie ◽  
Joan E. Strawson
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Ammonium Perchlorate ◽  
Developmental Toxicity ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Adverse Effect Level ◽  
Effect Level ◽  
Maternal Thyroid

A developmental toxicity study was conducted with ammonium perchlorate (AP) in the drinking water at doses of 0.0, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, and 30.0 mg/kg-day beginning 14 days before cohabitation and continuing through sacrifice. Twenty-four rats/group were cesarean-sectioned on day of gestation (DG) 21 and fetuses examined for visceral and skeletal alterations. An additional 16 litters/group were sacrificed on DG 21 for maternal and fetal serum TSH, T3, and T4 (thyroid-stimulating hormone, triiodothyronine, and thyroxine) levels and thyroid histopathology. Clinical and necropsy observations, body weights, feed and water consumption, and cesarean-sectioning parameters were comparable among the groups with only delays in ossification observed in the 30 mg/kg-day group. Maternal thyroid weights were increased in the 30.0 mg/kg-day group. Decreased colloid was present in male and female fetal thyroids in the 1.0 and 30.0 mg/kg-day groups. Maternal TSH was increased and T4 was decreased at all levels, and T3 was reduced at 30.0 mg/kg-day. Fetal TSH was increased at 1.0 and 30.0 mg/kg-day, T4 was reduced at 30.0 mg/kg-day, and T3 was decreased at all levels. The maternal no-observable-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) was 1.0 mg/kg-day; exposures of 30.0 mg/kg-day increased absolute and relative maternal thyroid weights and histopathology findings. The developmental NOAEL was 1.0 mg/kg-day; developmental delays in ossification occurred in the 30.0 mg/kg-day group. The colloid depletion in the thyroids and increased TSH and decreased T3 and T4 levels at lower exposures were considered adaptive and not adverse. No adverse effects on development at occurred levels that did not cause maternal toxicity. AP is not a selective developmental toxicant.

scholarly journals Response to the comments of Runyan et al. on “Trichloroethylene in drinking water throughout gestation did not produce congenital heart defects in Sprague Dawley rats”

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 (16) ◽  
pp. 1237-1239
Author(s):  
John M. DeSesso ◽  
Prägati S. Coder ◽  
Raymond G. York ◽  
Robert A. Budinsky ◽  
Lynn H. Pottenger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Congenital Heart Defects ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats
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