How accurate are national road traffic growth-rate forecasts?—The case of Norway

The control of roads traffic, of noise, of all other problems which occur on national road sections are much more manageable through Geographic Information Systems. The possibility of changing parameters in real time from a database, allows rapid information on problems encountered and efficient solutions at a more sustained rate.This paper presents a proposed solution to improve the Geographic Information System by adding noise data, by carrying out a case study on the road section Sag - Voiteg that connects Timisoara (Romania) and Belgrade (Serbia). The existing GIS system was established in 2012 according to the legislation in force at the time. As Year 2017 will mark the next stage of issuing the noise maps according to the rules set by CNOSSOS-EU, the measurements done for this study will follow these new methods. CNOSSOS-EU accurately describes the objectives and methodology requirements, establishes clear criteria for road traffic and sound propagation.The advantage of uniformity standards and methods of control in all EU Member States allows comparative studies on pollution, the number of people affected, etc.

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Drugged driving in South Africa: An urgent need for review and reform

South African Crime Quarterly ◽

10.17159/2413-3108/2019/v0n67a4951 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 7-18

Author(s):

Jade Liebenberg ◽

Lorraine Du Toit-Prinsloo ◽

Gert Saayman ◽

Vanessa Steenkamp

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

South African ◽

Road Safety ◽

Traffic Accident ◽

Drug Testing ◽

Drugs Of Abuse ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Driving Under The Influence ◽

Drugged Driving ◽

National Road

Driving under the influence is a major threat to road safety in South Africa. Various psychoactive substances (both licit and illicit) have the potential to adversely affect driving performance and increase the probability of a road traffic accident. While it is common practice in South Africa to test drivers for alcohol levels, testing for additional impairing substances (including drugs of abuse) is rarely performed. In terms of current South African legislation, only driving under the influence of alcohol and a ‘drug having a “narcotic” effect’ is prohibited. This excludes several impairing psychoactive drugs which are not classified as narcotic substances. The aim of this article is to highlight issues and/or limitations surrounding drugged driving and to propose appropriate considerations for revision of the National Road Traffic Act. We also recommend revising existing legislation to include a comprehensive statutory definition and detailed provisions for drug testing to deter impaired driving.

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The Burden of Orthopaedic Disease in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Focus on Tanzania

10.21203/rs.3.rs-402380/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

William Mack Hardaker ◽

Mubashir Jusabani ◽

Honest Massawe ◽

Anthony Pallangyo ◽

Rogers Temu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Developing World ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Medical Center ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

System Level ◽

Definitive Treatment ◽

Femur Fractures ◽

Orthopaedic Patients ◽

Orthopaedic Ward

Abstract Background As road traffic crashes (RTCs) continue to rise in the developing world, the current growth rate and true burden of orthopaedic injuries are unknown. In 2015, we characterized the orthopaedic burden at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center (KCMC) in Tanzania. In this study, we re-evaluated the burden and growth-rate over three years in the absence of any system level changes. Additionally, we calculated the percentage of orthopaedic patients that received definitive fixation for their orthopaedic injury when surgery was indicated.Methods We prospectively collected data for 190 patients admitted to the orthopaedic ward at KCMC during June/July 2018. We also retrospectively reviewed available records for patients presenting to the KCMC emergency department, orthopaedic outpatient clinic and orthopaedic ward.Results Prospective data: RTC (48.6%) was the most common etiology and femur fractures (31.0%) the most common type of injury. Almost 96% of admitted patients were indicated for surgical fixation, but only 44.5% received definitive fracture treatment. Retrospective data: KCMC treated an average of 15,117 orthopaedic patients per year, representing a 35.3% growth in the orthopaedic burden compared to 2015.Conclusion The burden of orthopaedic surgical disease at KCMC continues to grow. Throughout the developing world, multiple system level constraints preclude delivery of definitive treatment for most patients. Without innovative strategies to address this situation, the discrepancy between the need for orthopaedic care and surgical care capacity in the developing world will continue to grow.

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PENGEMBANGAN JARINGAN JALAN NASIONAL DI SULAWESI UTARA DAN GORONTALO

Jurnal Transportasi ◽

10.26593/jtrans.v20i1.3857.67-76 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 67-76

Author(s):

Triono Junoasmono ◽

Hansen Samuel Arberto Gultom ◽

Brian Sixon Christian Umboh ◽

Anastasia Caroline Sutandi

Keyword(s):

Road Network ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Traffic Modeling ◽

The Road ◽

North Sulawesi ◽

Road Development ◽

Traffic Volumes ◽

National Road

Abstract The development of the road network is needed to determine the extent of the road network of a city or region that requires handling and development, both in the long term, medium term and short term. The purpose of this study is to obtain a master plan for the development of the national road network in North Sulawesi and Gorontalo Provinces, as a basis for planning the development of the road network for the next 5 years. The data used are primary and secondary data. Based on the results of traffic modeling, the majority of national roads in North Sulawesi Province and in Gorontalo Province have relatively small traffic volumes. The projection results, from 2020 to 2025, show that there are 7 roads that require handling and capacity improvement. Keywords: road network, national road, traffic modeling, road capacity, road development Abstrak Pengembangan jaringan jalan diperlukan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana jaringan jalan suatu kota atau wilayah memerlukan penanganan maupun pengembangan, baik untuk jangka panjang, jangka menengah, maupun jangka pendek. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan suatu rencana induk pengembangan jaringan jalan nasional di Provinsi Sulawesi Utara dan di Provinsi Gorontalo, sebagai basis perencanaan pengembangan jaringan jalan hingga 5 tahun yang akan datang. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Berdasarkan hasil pemodelan lalu lintas, mayoritas jalan nasional di Provinsi Sulawesi Utara dan di Provinsi Gorontalo memiliki volume lalu lintas yang relatif kecil. Hasil proyeksi dari tahun 2020 sampai dengan tahun 2025, menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 7 ruas jalan yang memerlukan penanganan dan peningkatan kapasitas. Kata-kata kunci: jaringan jalan, jalan nasional, pemodelan lalu lintas, kapasitas jalan, pengembangan jalan

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Impact of Road Safety Laws in Colombia on Road Traffic Collision Fatalities and Injuries

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine ◽

10.1017/s1049023x19001456 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (s1) ◽

pp. s65-s65

Author(s):

Killiam A. Argote ◽

Michael S Molloy ◽

Alexander Hart ◽

Amalia Voskanyan ◽

Ritu R Sarin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Road Safety ◽

Road Traffic ◽

General Assembly ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Time Period ◽

Safety Plan ◽

Road Traffic Collision ◽

The Government ◽

National Road

Introduction:Road traffic collisions (RTC) are the leading cause of preventable death among those aged 15–29 years worldwide. More than 1.2 million lives are lost each year on roads. Ninety percent of these deaths take place in low- and middle-income countries. The General Assembly of the United Nations (UN) proclaimed the period from 2011-2020 the “Decade of Action for Road Safety,” with the objective of stabilizing and reducing the number of deaths by 50% worldwide. In this context, the government of Colombia established the National Road Safety Plan (PNSV) for the period 2011–2021 with the objective of reducing the number of fatalities by 26%. However, the effectiveness of road safety policies in Colombia is still unknown.Aim:To evaluate the effect of road safety laws on the incidence of RTC, deaths, and injuries in Colombia.Methods:RTC data and fatality numbers for the time period of January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2017, were collated from official Colombian governmental publications and analyzed for reductions and trends related to the introduction of new road safety legislation.Results:Data analysis are expected to be completed by January 2019.Discussion:RTC remains the leading preventable cause of death in Colombia despite the PNSV. Data is being mined to determine the trends of these rates of crashes and fatalities, and their relation to the introduction of national traffic laws. Overall, while the absolute numbers of RTC and deaths have been increasing, the rate of RTC per 10,000 cars has been decreasing. This suggests that although the goals of the PNSV may not be realized, some of the laws emanating from it may be beneficial, but warrant further detailed analysis.

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Blood and breath alcohol test results: Uncertainty at the interface of science and law

South African Law Journal ◽

10.47348/salj/v138/i3a5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 138 (3) ◽

pp. 535-568

Author(s):

J B Laurens ◽

P A Carstens ◽

J B Laurens ◽

L G Curlewis

Keyword(s):

Measurement Uncertainty ◽

South African ◽

Due Process ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Test Results ◽

The South ◽

Scientific Principles ◽

Process Perspective ◽

National Road ◽

Alcohol Testing

Alcohol is well known for its ability to impair human faculties, which creates risks when driving a vehicle or when performing safety- and risk-sensitive tasks in workplaces. The article aims to highlight some shortcomings in the legal-scientific approach for alcohol testing in South Africa. In particular, we investigate the measurement uncertainty of blood alcohol test results, which is critical in adjudicating over-the-limit cases. The South African regulatory framework for alcohol testing in the criminal- and private-law environments is examined from an analytical due-process perspective, considering measurement uncertainty and other well-established scientific principles which are essential at the interface of science and law. Special attention is paid to the National Road Traffic Amendment Bill, which aims to decrease the alcohol limit to zero. We found that the measurement uncertainty concept has not yet been received into the South African legal system, even though it is a well-established scientific principle. We suggest changes to the current alcohol legislation to accommodate the measurement uncertainty principle and the related likelihood ratio, which we believe could assist in quantifying the odds of compliance. In particular, we believe that our suggestions regarding quantification and reporting of measurement uncertainty can assist the courts and tribunals to avoid false-positive errors that may have a devastating effect on innocent subjects.

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Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System For Forecasting Traffic Volume(Case Study Of National Road Km 41 Kamal)

Jurnal CIVILA ◽

10.30736/cvl.v6i2.540 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 155

Author(s):

Agustinus Angkoso ◽

Muhammad Shofwan Donny Cahyono

Keyword(s):

Fuzzy Inference ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Traffic Volume ◽

Volume Data ◽

Inference System ◽

Neuro Fuzzy ◽

Traffic Impact ◽

National Road ◽

Error Percentage

The effect of the development of an infrastructure such as shopping centers, settlements, and so on is one study that is generally considered in the governance of a region. Typically, this construction has a major traffic impact. Combined with the effects of population growth, which is constantly growing every year, the flow of traffic is increasingly congested. This is because many of these people choose to own personal vehicles. Tremendous congestion would result from a road capacity that is not proportional to vehicle growth. A traffic analysis was conducted using road traffic volume data to prevent this. This research will attempt to survey a road on National road KM 41 Kamal and use the neuro fuzzy method to forecast traffic volume. The amount of traffic that will be studied is only motorcycles. The results show that with an error percentage of 16.0793%, neuro fuzzy can predict motorcycle traffic volume. It can be inferred from this that Neuro Fuzzy can forecast traffic volume on a road quite well.

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