scholarly journals Impacts of COVID-19 and pandemic control measures on public transport ridership in European urban areas – the cases of Vienna, Innsbruck, Oslo, and Agder

2021 ◽  
pp. 100376
Author(s):  
Sinziana Rasca ◽  
Karin Markvica ◽  
Bernd Peter Ivanschitz
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Control Measures

scholarly journals Pilot Implementation of Public Transport Priority in the City of Zagreb

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Vujić ◽  
Sadko Mandzuka ◽  
Martin Greguric
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Traffic Demand ◽  
Public Transport System ◽  
Adaptive Traffic Control ◽  
The City

The problem with traffic congestion is particularly expressed in urban areas where possibilities for physical increment of capacity are limited or impossible. Significant in the approach to solving this problem is the usage of Public Transport (PT) and the implementation of various advanced control measures that can improve the quality of overall public transport system. The main objective of this research is to explore the possibilities of implementation of adaptive traffic control on signalized intersections giving priority to public transport vehicles through urban traffic network in the city of Zagreb. The possibilities of implementing public transport priority (PTP) technique in the city of Zagreb are analyzed because of specific traffic situations on defined corridors (location of stops, distance between intersections, etc.). With proper usage of PTP techniques (e.g. adequate detector positions, good estimation of PT vehicle arrival time at intersection) the total tram travel time can be significantly reduced. The Level of Service at intersection may be approximately retained because cross-street traffic demand was not ignored. According to technological level of traffic control system in the city of Zagreb, global implementation of PTP is not possible. So, for each intersection the PTP algorithm was developed separately, but mutual traffic influence of all intersections on the corridor was considered. The cooperative concept application within urban traffic control is considered as well.

scholarly journals Behavior of Traffic Congestion and Public Transport in Eight Large Cities in Latin America during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4703
Author(s):  
Renato Andara ◽  
Jesús Ortego-Osa ◽  
Melva Inés Gómez-Caicedo ◽  
Rodrigo Ramírez-Pisco ◽  
Luis Manuel Navas-Gracia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Johns Hopkins Hospital ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Public Data ◽  
The Impact

This comparative study analyzes the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on motorized mobility in eight large cities of five Latin American countries. Public institutions and private organizations have made public data available for a better understanding of the contagion process of the pandemic, its impact, and the effectiveness of the implemented health control measures. In this research, data from the IDB Invest Dashboard were used for traffic congestion as well as data from the Moovit© public transport platform. For the daily cases of COVID-19 contagion, those published by Johns Hopkins Hospital University were used. The analysis period corresponds from 9 March to 30 September 2020, approximately seven months. For each city, a descriptive statistical analysis of the loss and subsequent recovery of motorized mobility was carried out, evaluated in terms of traffic congestion and urban transport through the corresponding regression models. The recovery of traffic congestion occurs earlier and faster than that of urban transport since the latter depends on the control measures imposed in each city. Public transportation does not appear to have been a determining factor in the spread of the pandemic in Latin American cities.

scholarly journals Social distancing in public transport: mobilising new technologies for demand management under the Covid-19 crisis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Hörcher ◽  
Ramandeep Singh ◽  
Daniel J. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
New Information ◽  
Occupancy Rates

AbstractDense urban areas are especially hardly hit by the Covid-19 crisis due to the limited availability of public transport, one of the most efficient means of mass mobility. In light of the Covid-19 pandemic, public transport operators are experiencing steep declines in demand and fare revenues due to the perceived risk of infection within vehicles and other facilities. The purpose of this paper is to explore the possibilities of implementing social distancing in public transport in line with epidemiological advice. Social distancing requires effective demand management to keep vehicle occupancy rates under a predefined threshold, both spatially and temporally. We review the literature of five demand management methods enabled by new information and ticketing technologies: (i) inflow control with queueing, (ii) time and space dependent pricing, (iii) capacity reservation with advance booking, (iv) slot auctioning, and (v) tradeable travel permit schemes. Thus the paper collects the relevant literature into a single point of reference, and provides interpretation from the viewpoint of practical applicability during and after the pandemic.

scholarly journals Real time controlled sustainable urban drainage systems in dense urban areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Kändler ◽  
Ivar Annus ◽  
Anatoli Vassiljev ◽  
Raido Puust
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Urban Catchments

Abstract Stormwater runoff from urban catchments is affected by the changing climate and rapid urban development. Intensity of rainstorms is expected to increase in Northern Europe, and sealing off surfaces reduces natural stormwater management. Both trends increase stormwater peak runoff volume that urban stormwater systems (UDS) have to tackle. Pipeline systems have typically limited capacity, therefore measures must be foreseen to reduce runoff from new developed areas to existing UDS in order to avoid surcharge. There are several solutions available to tackle this challenge, e.g. low impact development (LID), best management practices (BMP) or stormwater real time control measures (RTC). In our study, a new concept of a smart in-line storage system is developed and evaluated on the background of traditional in-line and off-line detention solutions. The system is operated by real time controlled actuators with an ability to predict rainfall dynamics. This solution does not need an advanced and expensive centralised control system; it is easy to implement and install. The concept has been successfully tested in a 12.5 ha urban development area in Tallinn, the Estonian capital. Our analysis results show a significant potential and economic feasibility in the reduction of peak flow from dense urban areas with limited free construction space.

scholarly journals Informal park-and-ride behaviour

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Jelena Simićević ◽  
Vladimir Molan ◽  
Nada Milosavljević
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Travel Behaviour ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Final Destination ◽  
Park And Ride ◽  
Last Mile ◽  
Parking Management

Sustainable parking management in central urban areas typically involves implementation of restrictive parking measures. Discouraged by parking measures users seek for an alternative option. Some of them self-initiatively found a way not to completely abandon driving: they drive and park outside the central area and reach the final destination by public transport. This travel pattern is known as “informal Park-and-Ride“ (PnR), and should be estimated as relatively positive because the critical “last mile” is travelled by public transport. As PnR demand grows, policy-makers should consider its formalisation and integration into the urban transport policy. This paper aims to identify informal PnR users in Belgrade and to investigate their motives, requests and preferences towards this option. The findings should be of importance when planning and developing formal PnR sites, which can largely increase user willingness to accept restrictive parking measures, i.e. to adopt more sustainable travel behaviour.

scholarly journals Quality of Bus Services Performance: Benefits of Real Time Passenger Information Systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres Monzon ◽  
Sara Hernandez ◽  
Rocio Cascajo
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Travel Behaviour ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Sustainable Transport ◽  
The Public ◽  
Steady Growth ◽  
Bus Services

One of the main problems in urban areas is the steady growth in car ownership and traffic levels. Therefore, the challenge of sustainability is focused on a shift of the demand for mobility from cars to collective means of transport. For this purpose, buses are a key element of the public transport systems. In this respect Real Time Passenger Information (RTPI) systems help people change their travel behaviour towards more sustainable transport modes. This paper provides an assessment methodology which evaluates how RTPI systems improve the quality of bus services performance in two European cities, Madrid and Bremerhaven. In the case of Madrid, bus punctuality has increased by 3%. Regarding the travellers perception, Madrid raised its quality of service by 6% while Bremerhaven increased by 13%. On the other hand, the users´ perception of Public Transport (PT) image increased by 14%.

Indices of Land Degradation and Control Measures in Selected Urban Communities of Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 54-66
Author(s):  
O. A. Lawal-Adebowle ◽  
A. K. Aromolaran
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
And Control ◽  
Observational Techniques

The study assessed the causal factors of land degradation in urban areas of Abeokuta and the employed control measures by residents of the communities. A qualitative approach, which encompasses observational techniques – participant/field observation, interactive discussion and photographic capturing, was used for collection of data on land degradation in the study area. Analysis of collected data showed land gradients, rainfall and run-offs, erosion, entrenched foot paths, sand scraping/mining, poor/absence of drainage system and land covers as causal factors of land degradation in the study area. The study though observed that control measures such as filling of drenches with sand bags, wood logs, bricks and stones were employed by residents in the study area, construction of good drainage system was presumed to be the most appropriate and sustainable control measure of water erosion in the study area.

scholarly journals An Examination of the Safety Impacts of Bus Priority Routes in Major Israeli Cities

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8617
Author(s):  
Victoria Gitelman ◽  
Anna Korchatov ◽  
Wafa Elias
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Bus Priority ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Comparison Groups ◽  
Pedestrian Crashes ◽  
Crash Types ◽  
Increasing Trends

Bus priority routes (BPRs) promote public transport use in urban areas; however, their safety impacts are not sufficiently understood. Along with proven positive mobility effects, such systems may lead to crash increases. This study examines the safety impacts of BPRs, which have been introduced on busy urban roads in three major Israeli cities—Tel Aviv, Jerusalem and Haifa. Crash changes associated with BPR implementation are estimated using after–before or cross-section evaluations, with comparison-groups. The findings show that BPR implementation is generally associated with increasing trends in various crash types and, particularly, in pedestrian crashes at junctions. Yet, the results differ depending on BPR configurations. Center lane BPRs are found to be safer than curbside BPRs. The best safety level is observed when a center lane BPR is adjacent to a single lane for all-purpose traffic. Local public transport planners should be aware of possible negative implications of BPRs for urban traffic safety. Negative safety impacts can be moderated by a wider use of safety-related measures, as demonstrated in BPRs’ operation in Haifa. Further research is needed to delve into the reasons for the negative safety impacts of BPRs under Israeli conditions relative to the positive impacts reported in other countries.

scholarly journals The Influence of Information Services on Public Transport Behavior of Urban and Rural Residents

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5454
Author(s):  
Xuemei Zhou ◽  
Jiahui Liang ◽  
Xiangfeng Ji ◽  
Caitlin Cottrill
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Information Service ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Transport Behavior ◽  
Urban And Rural Residents ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Rural and urban areas are mainly connected by public transport in China. The characteristics of the trips of local residents in rural and urban areas are different; therefore, the demand for public transport information services is different. Based on the revealed data, a structural equation model is applied to examine the critical factors affecting the behavior of urban and rural residents in choosing public transport in the Beidaihe District, Qinhuangdao City, China. The effect of information service factors on public transport behavior of urban and rural residents is obtained. The influence level of public transport information service on public transport behavior of urban and rural residents before and during travel is discussed. This study provides valuable insights to improving public transport services between urban and rural areas of China, which can attract more residents to use public transport and promotes sustainable development between urban and rural areas.

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